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Retrospective comparative study of clinical profile and pulmonary involvement in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals diagnosed with COVID-19

100%

Dasgupta S. , Patil P. , Barsode S. , Paramshetti B. , Akula U. K.

Critical Care Innovations

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2023

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tom 6

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nr 1

17-28

EN

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to assess the clinical profile, co-morbidities and pulmonary involvement by means of CT-SS and CO-RADS in unvaccinated and completely vaccinated individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 138 adult patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Virus between January 2021 and January 2022 in Bharati Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India were recruited for this retrospective, comparative study. Data was collected from medical records. All patients presenting to the institute with clinical features suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection were subjected to confirmative testing and the patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection underwent a standardized HRCT thorax imaging. Clinical features, comorbidities, vital parameters and the association of CTSS scores and CO-RAD scores between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were analyzed. RESULTS: Out of the 138 patients included in this study, 69 (39 male, 30 female) were unvaccinated and 69 (49 male, 20 female) were vaccinated. Mean CO-RADS and CTSS in the unvaccinated cohort was significantly higher than the vaccinated (p <0.001). Mean CO-RADS = 5.14 (unvaccinated) vs 3.72 (vaccinated) and mean CTSS = 15.23 (unvaccinated) vs 10.54 (vaccinated). Patients with no co-morbidities had significantly lower CTSS and CORADS scores, regardless of vaccination status. Vaccinated patients suffered from mild disease, as noted by lower requirement of supplemental oxygen, higher SpO2 on room air, and lower incidence of nonspecific symptoms, respiratory symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study finds that complete vaccination is necessary in order to prevent severe symptoms, high oxygen requirement, and extensive pulmonary involvement in COVID-19.

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Advancing Auscultation Education: Signals Visualization as a Novel Tool for Enhancing Pathological Respiratory Sounds Detection

88%

Pastusiak A. K. , Hafke-Dys H. , Kociński J. , Szarzyński K. , Janeczek K.

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2024

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tom Vol. 30, Iss. 1

1--10

EN

Introduction: Auscultation remains a pivotal diagnostic modality for various respiratory pathologies. To augment its clinical relevance, the continuous expansion of our understanding of pulmonary acoustics, coupled with the advancement of auscultation recording and analysis methodologies, is imperative. Material and methods: We investigated how the bimodal presentation of auscultatory signals (sound and visual cue perception) influences the subjective efficacy of pathological respiratory sound detection, which is a critical step in the development of a new auscultation tool. Recordings of pediatric breath sounds were presented in three different forms - audio only, visual representation only (spectrogram) or audiovisual (both together). The F1-score, sensitivity and specificity parameters were calculated and compared to the gold standard (GS). Subsequent to the detection experiment, participants completed a survey to subjectively assess the usability of spectrograms in the procedure. Results: Over 60% of all responders ranked the spectrogram as important (40.8%) or very important (21.1%). Moreover, 11.3% of all participants found this new form of presentation of auscultation results to be more useful than the evaluation of sound only. The addition of visual information did not statistically significantly change the evaluation of the sounds themselves, an observable trend implies that enhancing audio recordings with visualizations can enhance detection performance. This is evident in the 4 p.p. and 2 p.p. sensitivity increments for physicians and students, respectively, even without specialized visual training. Conclusions: Our research findings indicate that the integration of spectrograms with conventional auditory assessment, albeit based on observed trends and survey responses, presents a promising avenue for improving the precision and quality of medical education, as well as enhancing diagnosis and monitoring processes.

3

Isoprostanes – A novel major group of oxidative stress markers

75%

Czerska M. , Zieliński M. , Gromadzińska J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2015

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tom 29

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nr 2

179-190

EN

Isoprostanes are a recently discovered group of prostaglandin isomers. Results of previous studies suggest that they can be used as oxidative stress markers, because in a number of cardiovascular, pulmonary and neurological diseases their levels in biological samples considerably increase. It has been found that people suffering from diabetes, obesity, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, moderate hypercholesterolemia, and smokers have higher levels of isoprostanes in urine. The same refers to patients with asthma, Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome. This paper reviews the results of relevant studies.

4

Spray drying as a method of producing silk sericin powders

63%

Genç G. , Narin G. , Bayraktar E.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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tom Vol. 37, nr 1

78-86

EN

Purpose: The purpose of paper is to analyse Spray drying as a method of producing silk sericin powders. Design/methodology/approach: Aqueous sericin solutions were used as raw material for the production of dry powders using a lab-scale spray dryer. A linear regression analysis of agglomeration was employed, in addition to experimental designs at two levels with three factors for the analysis of three responses: moisture content, particle type and agglomeration degree. The process factors were the drying air temperature (120şC and 160şC), the feed rate (1.25 × 10-7 and 2.5 × 10-7 mł/s), and the concentration of sericin solutions of 10% and 30% (w/w) fed to the spray dryer. Findings: The three responses were analyzed statistically to determine the effective parameters and it was concluded that moisture content depended on three factors--drying air temperature being the dominant parameter. Particle size and shape depended mainly on feed rate and agglomeration depended on the moisture content of the product. Practical implications: As a result of the growing interest in drug delivery through a pulmonary route for local and systemic effects, the crucial physical characteristics of the spray-dried sericin influencing the dispersion and deposition behaviour including particle size, morphology, moisture content and agglomeration degree were examined for formulation and spray drying variables. Originality/value: The most effective parameters on particle size and morphology were found to be the feed solution concentration and feed rate, while the temperature was an insignificant variable.