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tom 49
117-125
PL
Badania terenowe przeprowadzone w roku 2000 w dwóch rejonach: wrocławskim i rejonie Lubszy (woj. opolskie) wykazały, że w pszczołach i trutniach kumulowane są pierwiastki śladowe o właściwościach toksycznych (Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd i Se). Zdecydowanie wyższe stężenie badanych pierwiastków było w materiale biologicznym pochodzącym z rejonu wrocławskiego z wyjątkiem kadmu, którego znacznie więcej wykryto w materiale z rejonu Lubszy. Niezależnie od rejonu pochodzenia prób poziom Ni, Cr, Pb i Cd wyraźnie był wyższy w pszczołach robotnicach niż w trutniach, natomiast w trutniach dominowało wysokie stężenie selenu. Przyczynę tego zjawiska wyjaśniła II część badań, w której na przykładzie Pb wykazano, że zawartość tego metalu w syropie cukrowym świeżym jest znacznie wyższa niż w syropie przerobionym i odłożonym na plastry przez pszczoły. Redukcja zanieczyszczeń w syropie doświadczalnym wynosiła od 28,5 do ponad 50%. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że wyższy poziom metali ciężkich w pszczołach robotnicach jest wynikiem wykonywanej przez nie pracy znacznego oczyszczania surowca miodowego w wolu miodnym, a w wyniku niedoskonałego funkcjonowania układu wydalniczego, większa część tych metali odkłada się w tkankach i narządach pszczół.
EN
The aim of this work was to display of if bees workers and drones accumulate toxic metals. Sear was made in two areas of Lower Silesia. The first area was Wrocław (industrialization region) and the second one was Lubsza (agricultural and forest region). It was found that there are toxic elements (Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd and Se) in wide range of concentrations at both kinds of samples. The higher contrations Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb were found in bees workers bodys whereas the higher concentrations Se were found in drones organisms. In the both regions proved of regular decline concentrations level Ni and Se and increase contents Cd and Pb in bees workers bodys with as the profit season go. Bee worker organism is filter that retains from 28,5 to above 50% toxic metals with honey raw material at the time of his transforming in to honey in the honey-sack.
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tom 62
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nr 12
1439-1442
EN
The aim of the study was to indicate whether worker bees and drones accumulate toxic metals. Research was carried out in two areas of Lower Silesia - Wrocław (industrial region) and Szydłowice (agricultural and forest region). Toxic elements (Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd and Se) were found in wide ranging concentrations in all the samples. The biological materials were liquidized and mineralized by the microwave method (type MARS 5 CEM), and the ICP technique was applied (ICP AES Varian company) using the analytical hydride program (elements in hydride form) for a quantitative analysis of toxic metal content. Higher concentrations of Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb were found in worker bee's bodies whereas higher concentrations of Se were found in drone's organisms. The organism of worker bees is a filter that retains from 20.45 (Pb) to 36.36% (Cd) of toxic metals from the raw material of honey during the process of transforming it into honey in the honey-sack
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nr 10
1256-1259
EN
The proteolytic system of insects, both its protease activities, and protease inhibitors activities, in the hemolymph and digestive tract are poorly described. The authors present protease inhibitors activities in connection with the level of antifungal activities as a part of the honeybee body surface proteolytic system. The object of the study was to compare this in castes (the queen, workers and drones), in developmental stages (eggs, larvae, pupae and imagoes) and in seasons (spring, summer and autumn). The following methods were used: protease inhibitors activity testing by the Lee and Lin method and antifungal activity testing in the presence of marker fungi on the SABG substratum. The highest protease inhibitors activities were present on the workers and the lowest ones on the queen, according to exposure to pathogens. The highest protease inhibitors activities were present during the autumn and spring. The highest protease inhibitors activities were observed in the spring in the worker larvae (16.697 U/mg) and in the mature workers (17.605 U/mg). Surface protease inhibitors activity was not observed in the drone eggs and larvae for neutral pH and in the queen larvae and pupae for neutral and alkaline pH in the summer. The larvae and pupae were found to have higher acidic protease inhibitors activity than the imagoes. The obtained results of antifungal activity presented better enthomopathogen protection in the workers and queens than in the drones. The authors have provided data connecting body surface inhibitors with antifungal cuticle protection. Our data present an initial pattern of the honeybee body surface proteolysis, and will pave the way for future biochemical studies of immunity in this insect.
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