Microplastics (MPs) are small fraction of plastics that are less than 5 mm in length. They are bountiful and widespread pollutants in the aquatic environment. A wide range of organisms which play an important role in the food web, ingest microplastic particles and transfer them to the higher trophic levels. In this work, ingestion of fluorescent polystyrene beads 2 µm of diameter by ciliated protozoa Paramecium aurelia in different concentrations and times of exposure was studied. We studied also the ingestion and clearance rate as well as formation of food vacuoles. The highest uptake of beads by ciliates reached 1047.2 ± 414.46 particles after 10 min of incubation. Food vacuoles formation reflected the ingestion rate of P. aurelia, which increased at higher beads concentration up to the10th minute of incubation and decreased afterwards. On the contrary, the clearance rate persisted to be higher at low concentration. These findings showed that maximum capacity of microplastics ingestion by paramecia depended on beads concentration and on time of exposure.
Przyjmowanie pokarmu przez wcześniaki, zwłaszcza te ze zdiagnozowanym przewlekłym zapaleniem płuc, to niezwykle szczegółowe zagadnienie. Choroby układu oddechowego są głównym czynnikiem ryzyka wpływającym na zaburzenia jedzenia we wczesnym dzieciństwie. Trudności z jedzeniem w tej grupie dzieci są wyraźnie skorelowane z ostrością zdiagnozowanego stanu. Artykuł jest przeglądem eksperckiej literatury opublikowanej w czasopismach naukowych poświęconej nieprawidłowej motoryce ssania, koordynacji ssania, połykania i oddychania (SPD) oraz klinicznym terapiom logopedycznym, które stosuje się w leczeniu dzieci z przewlekłym zapaleniem płuc.
EN
Oral food intake in premature infants has its own specificity, and this is especially true for children diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Respiratory diseases are one of the primary risks factors for the development of aversive eating behavior in early childhood. Eating difficulties in this group of children correlate with the severity of this diagnosis. This article provides an overview of the literature on the subject devoted to abnormalities of the motor component of sucking as well as coordination of sucking, swallowing and breathing (SPD) and specific clinical-speech therapy interventions suitable for children with BPD.