Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Wooden biomass potential from apple orchards in Poland

100%

Dyjakon A. , Boer J. d. , Bukowski P. , Adamczyk F. , Frąckowiak P.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2016

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tom vol. 59, nr 198

73--86

EN

A side product emerging during apple orchard cultivation is pruned biomass, which may be used for energetic purposes. As Poland is the third largest producer of apples in the world, it is crucial to estimate the annual energetic potential of branches from apple tree pruning. In this paper, the theoretical, technical and economic potential of cut branches for energy production with distribution according to provinces (Voivodeships) is determined. Based on literature reviews and our own measurements the amount of produced branches was estimated to be 3.5 Mg×ha-1×year-1. It was shown, that the energetic potential of pruned biomass from apple trees in Poland is in the range of 7.9-12.5 PJ×year-1. Moreover, the abundance of that potential depends on the province and for a single Voivodeship, may vary from 0.04 PJ×year-1 up to 4.8 PJ×year-1.

2

Microbial Biomass and Soil Respiration Response to Pruning and Fertilization Practices in Coffee-Pine Agroforestry

88%

Azizah F. R. , Prayogo C. , Kurniawan S. , Rowe R. L.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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tom Vol. 24, nr 8

329--342

EN

Pruning and fertilization practices plays an important role in coffee plantation, used to maintain soil quality and coffee productivity. However, the impact of pruning and fertilization practices on soil microbial activity under coffee-based agroforestry are poorly understood. The aimed of this study was to analyze the response of soil microbial properties (i.e., soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) and soil respiration rates (SR)) to pruning and fertilization management in coffee-based agroforestry in UB (Universitas Brawijaya) Forest. A split-plot design with eight treatments and three replications were used in this experiment. The main-plot factor consisted of two types of pruning (Pruning and Bending), and the sub-plot factor consisted of four types of fertilization (i.e., no fertilizer (NF), 100% chicken manure (MN), 50% chicken manure + 50% NPK-inorganic (MN+NPK), and 100% NPK-inorganic (NPK)). The result showed that there was a significantly different (p<0.05) in the soil microbial biomass C and soil respiration after the application of fertilizer. The addition of chicken manure (MN and MN+NPK treatment) could enhance the soil microbial biomass and soil respiration, compared to the NF treatment under different pruning practices. The level of soil pH in MN were highest and significantly different with NPK treatment, showed that the application of chicken manure had a potential to neutralize the soil acidity. Metabolic quotient (qCO2) showed highest in the NF treatment as compared to the other treatments. The soil respiration had positive correlation (p<0.05) with SMBC, while SMBC had negative correlation (p<0.01) with qCO2.

3

Harvesting of agricultural wood residues from apple orchards using a pruning round baler

88%

Dyjakon A. , Adamczyk F. , Szaroleta M. , Pari L. , Suardi A. , Germer S.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2018

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tom vol. 61, nr 202

53--67

EN

In Europe, there are potentially large amounts of pruned biomass from orchards that could be used for energy production. One of the main barriers is a lack of complete technologies for mechanisation of the harvesting of these products. Under the EuroPruning project, a new baler adaptable to different site conditions was designed and constructed. The article presents the results of performance testing of the newly developed baling machine, conducted during the harvesting of pruning residues in apple orchards. The aim was to determine the potential yield of branches per unit area of orchard, harvesting losses, and the machine’s efficiency, including its capacity and fuel consumption in two different operating configurations (with and without windrowers). It was shown that the average area rate was 1 ha/h, with a yield potential in the range 2.89-3.31 t·ha-1 and fuel consumption of 4.5-5.1 dm3·h-1. Average harvesting losses measured in the studied orchards amounted to 22% with the machine working with activated windrowers and 37% without the use of windrowers.

4

Economic analysis of the collection and transportation of pruned branches from orchards for energy production

88%

Dyjakon A. , Boer den J. , Gebresenbet G. , Bosona T. , Adamczyk F.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2020

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tom vol. 63, nr 205

125--140

EN

This economic analysis contains a case study for a 100 ha apple orchard where a pruning-to-energy (PtE) strategy is employed. Technical aspects of pruned biomass harvesting in apple orchards are outlined, with emphasis on the efficient harvesting of pruning residues using a dedicated baling machine. Economic aspects are approached using economic performance metrics such as the net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR). It is found, for a 10-year project on the 100 ha orchard, that the NPV is €5650, the IRR is 8.71% and the payback time is about 8.0 years. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the economic metrics are highly influenced by the quantity of prunings, orchard area, and the price of pruning residues at the final user. The distance from the orchard to the final user (6 km in the analysed case) and orchard labour costs are both less impactful. The analysis shows that pruned biomass harvesting is technologically feasible in apple orchards, while the obtained values of the economic metrics indicate the economic feasibility of such bioenergy solutions.

5

Wooden biomass potential from apple orchards in Poland

75%

Dyjakon A. , den Boer J. , Bukowski P. , Adamczyk F. , Frackowiak P.

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2016

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tom 59

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nr 198

6

Response of Different Coffee-Based Agroforestry Management on Microbial Respiration and Density

75%

Nugroho R. M. Y. A. P. , Ustiatik R. , Prasetya B. , Kurniawan S.

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tom Vol. 24, nr 9

158--170

EN

Coffee agroforestry has become a land use system that provides both ecological and economic benefits, so it is managed in various ways. Pruning and fertilizer management is a combination that is applied for optimal production. However, understanding the effect of combined management on soil respiration and functional microbial populations remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of combining pruning and fertilizer management on soil respiration and functional bacterial populations as well as to elucidate the relationship between tested parameters. The study was conducted in UB Forest. A factorial randomized block design consisting of three factors, i.e., coffee pruning, type of fertilizer, and fertilizer doses was used. The results showed that combining three factors affected the diazotrophic bacterial population and soil respiration, which is sensitive to management changes. Coffee pruning and mixed fertilizer (inorganic + organic) application affected soil respiration and microbial populations, while the dose affected each parameter differently. The conducted study suggests that pruning management with mixed fertilizer application can substitute inorganic fertilizer as more environmentally sustainable management in coffee-based agroforestry.

7

Pruning wastes from fruit trees as a substrate for Pleurotus ostreatus

75%

Landinez-Torres A. Y. , Perez Fagua C. , Lopez A. C. S. , Deaquiz Oyola Y. A. , Girometta C. E.

Acta Mycologica

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2021

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tom 56

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nr 1

8

Evaluation of different pruning methods of Honeygold apple trees planted in high density

75%

Szewczuk A. , Gudarowska E.

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nr 2

9

Effects of various methods of pruning apple trees after planting

75%

Mika A. , Buler Z. , Krawiec A.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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2003

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tom 11

10

Effect of the training system and pruning on the growth and yield of six grapevine cultivars grown in plastic tunnels

75%

Radajewska B.

Folia Horticulturae

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1995

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tom 07

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nr 1

11

Effect of intensive regeneration pruning of frostbitten peach trees 'Harbinger' cv. on their growth and yielding

63%

Radajewska B. , Szklarz M.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2008

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tom 07

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nr 4

EN

Studies were carried out in the years 2006–2008 in Przybroda near Poznań. Objects of studies consisted of 8-year old peach trees ‘Harbinger’ cultivar grown on three rootstocks: Manchurian Peach, Sand Cherry and Rakoniewicka Seedling. Tree crowns had a vase form and they were strongly damaged by frost during the winter 2005/2006. In spring 2006, intensive tree pruning was carried out. The objective of the studies was the estimation of the effect of a radical pruning of frostbitten trees on their regeneration and yielding, as well as to estimate the role of rootstocks in this process. Studies have shown that the tree pruning evoked a very strong compensation growth, the reaction of trees was the stronger, the more intensive was the tree pruning. As a result of the pruning, after 3 years, the lowered tree height (on the average by 40–50 cm) was maintained in relation to the control trees. After pruning, in the tree crown, longer productive long-shoots with diameters > 0.5 cm, developed as compared with the control. However, the radical pruning of trees caused in the third year after pruning a decrease in tree yielding from 30 to 40%, in comparison with the not pruned trees.

PL

Badania prowadzono w latach 2006–2008 w Przybrodzie koło Poznania. Przedmiotem badań były 8-letnie drzewa brzoskwini ‘Harbinger’ na 3 podkładkach: Brzoskwini Mandżurskiej, Wisience stepowej i Siewce Rakoniewickiej silnie uszkodzone przez mróz w okresie zimy 2005/2006. Wiosną 2006 przeprowadzono intensywne cięcie drzew. Celem badań była ocena wpływu radykalnego cięcia przemarzniętych drzew na ich regenerację i plonowanie oraz ocena roli podkładki w tym procesie. Badania wykazały że przycięcie drzew wywołało bardzo silne przyrosty długopędów. Tym silniejsza była reakcja drzew, im mocniej drzewa przycięto. Wynikiem cięcia obniżono wysokość drzew średnio o 30–40 cm w stosunku do drzew kontrolnych. Różnice te utrzymywały się w kolejnych latach. Po cięciu wyrosło w koronach drzew więcej dłuższych długopędów o średnicy > 0,5 cm, aniżeli na drzewach kontrolnych. Jednakże radykalne cięcie drzew spowodowało w 3 roku po cięciu obniżenie ich plonowania o 30–40% w stosunku do drzew nieciętych.

12

Choice of the p-norm for high level classification features pruning in modern convolutional neural networks with local sensitivity analysis

63%

Jeczmionek E. , Kowalski P. A.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2023

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tom Vol. 33, no. 4

663--672

EN

Transfer learning has surfaced as a compelling technique in machine learning, enabling the transfer of knowledge across networks. This study evaluates the efficacy of ImageNet pretrained state-of-the-art networks, including DenseNet, ResNet, and VGG, in implementing transfer learning for prepruned models on compact datasets, such as FashionMNIST, CIFAR10, and CIFAR100. The primary objective is to reduce the number of neurons while preserving high-level features. To this end, local sensitivity analysis is employed alongside p-norms and various reduction levels. This investigation discovers that VGG16, a network rich in parameters, displays resilience to high-level feature pruning. Conversely, the ResNet architectures reveal an interesting pattern of increased volatility. These observations assist in identifying an optimal combination of the norm and the reduction level for each network architecture, thus offering valuable directions for model-specific optimization. This study marks a significant advance in understanding and implementing effective pruning strategies across diverse network architectures, paving the way for future research and applications.

13

Effects of pruning of vertical roots on growth of one-year Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings in the first year after transplanting

63%

Buraczyk W. , Kapuscinska M.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 1

EN

The research was carried out in 2006 within the area of forest nursery in Okalewo, the Forest Inspectorate Skrwilno (Central Poland, at 53º02´N, 19º23´E). The aim of the study was to determine the effects of root pruning in one-year Scots pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.) on their growth after transplanting. The vertical roots of one-year Scots pine seedlings were pruned to the length of 5, 10, 15 i 20 cm and measured. The scope of measurements included: stem length and thickness, total root length, root length within thickness classes, surface root area, root volume as well as the number of root tips and ramifications. The measurements of root systems were performed with the use of a scanner and WinRhizo software. The seedlings were transplanted and were growing in the nursery all through the vegetation season 2006. In October of this year the seedlings were lifted from the ground and measured again at the same scope. Reiterated measurements allowed evaluation of increment characteristics after transplanting. The results indicated negative impacts of intensive root pruning before transplantation on seedling survival rates. Severe pruning of seedling vertical roots had negative effects on increment gained by both above- and underground seedling parts. Pruning roots to 5 cm of length significantly decreased pine seedling survival rate of. On the other hand, 20 cm long roots have no significant effects on seedling survival and increment but they can cause difficulties in seedling nursery cultivation.

14

The effect of mulch type and pruning on growth and yielding of nectarine [Prunus persica L.] cv 'Fantasia'

63%

Szklarz M. , Radajewska B.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2009

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tom 08

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nr 3

EN

Investigations were conducted in the years 2006–2008 in Przybroda near Poznań on nectarine cv. ‘Fantasia’ trees with vase-trained crowns, planted in spring 2004 on peach cv. ‘Mandżurska’ rootstocks at a 4.0 × 2.5 m spacing (1000 trees ha⁻¹), strongly damaged by frost during the winter of 2005/2006. In the experiment 2 types of mulch were used in tree rows: fibre sheets and mown grass. In spring 2006 tree tops were headed back by 35–40 cm. In autumn 2006 pruned trees were by 0.4 m lower than unpruned trees, but trees mulched with fibre sheets were taller and had bigger crown projection areas than trees mulched with mown grass. In the 2nd year after heading-back the increment of trunk cross-sectional area was bigger in trees in combinations mulched with mown grass in comparison to fibre sheets mulching, as well as unpruned trees in comparison to pruned trees. Pruning of trees resulted also in the fruit-bearing zone in shooting of longer long shoots with a diameter of ≥0.5 cm, but only in the first year after pruning. In the third year after pruning the highest yield was produced by unpruned trees mulched with mown grass, while unpruned trees mulched with fibre sheets gave the poorest yields.

PL

Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2006–2008 w Przybrodzie koło Poznania. Przedmiotem badań były drzewa nektaryny ‘Fantasia’ o koronie kotłowej, posadzone wiosną 2004 roku na podkładce brzoskwini ‘Mandżurskiej’ w rozstawie 4,0 × 2,5 m (1000 drzew ha⁻¹), silnie uszkodzone przez mróz w czasie zimy 2005/2006. W badaniach uwzględniono 2 rodzaje ściółki w rzędach drzew: włókninę i skoszoną trawę. Wiosną 2006 roku wierzchołki drzew przycięto o 35–40 cm. Celem badań była ocena wpływu cięcia oraz ściółek na wzrost i plonowanie drzew. Jesienią 2006 r. drzewa cięte były niższe o 0,4 m od drzew nieciętych. Badania wykazały, że w tym czasie drzewa ściółkowane włókniną były wyższe, a ich korony miały większą projekcję od drzew ściółkowanych skoszoną trawą. Natomiast w 2 roku po cięciu większy był przyrost pppp drzew w kombinacjach ściółkowanych skoszoną trawą w porównaniu z włókniną, a także drzew nieciętych w porównaniu z ciętymi. Przycięcie drzew spowodowało także wybijanie w strefie owoconośnej drzew dłuższych długopędów o średnicy ≥ 0,5 cm, ale tylko w pierwszym roku po przycięciu. W 3 lata po cięciu najwyższy plon uzyskano z drzew nieciętych i jednocześnie ściółkowanych skoszoną trawą, natomiast najsłabiej plonowały drzewa niecięte, ściółkowane włókniną. Najwyższym współczynnikiem plenności po 3 latach od cięcia wyróżniły się drzewa cięte, ściółkowane skoszoną trawą, a najniższą wartość wskaźnika miały drzewa niecięte, ściółkowane w ten sam sposób.

15

Assessment of amount of wood from pruned apple orchards as a source of renewable energy

63%

Rabcewicz J. , Bialkowski P. , Konopacki P.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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2010

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tom 18

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nr 2

249-254

EN

The aim of the studies was to assess the amount of wood to be gained during the pruning of apple orchards. The trials were carried out on the following cultivars of apple: 'Jonagold', 'Elstar', 'Idared', 'Jonica', and 'Rubinstar'. The chosen orchards in which the estimations took place had different interrow widths, tree distances and tree ages. The widths of interrows were from 3.5 m to 4.4 m. The distances between trees were from 1.5 m to 2.5 m. The ages of the trees were from 4 to 17 years. Pruned branches were manually collected from interrows along 20 grown trees. The mass of branches cut from a single tree, and the total mass of wood gathered on 1 hectare of orchard were calculated. The obtained results showed significant variability from 21% to 77%, between replications. This variability depended on cultivar and tree age. According to expectations, the highest amount of cut wood was achieved from the oldest, 17-year-old trees of the 'Elstar' cultivar. The mass of the branches cut from one 'Elstar' tree was from 1.92 kg to 2.43 kg, which means 3.7-4.6 tons of wood from 1 ha of the orchard. Of the 4-6-year-old trees of three cultivars: 'Rubinstar', 'Jonica' and 'Jonagold', grafted on M.26 rootstock,, less wood was achieved from 'Jonica' tree - 1.59 kg, on average. The highest wood mass gave 'Rubinstar' - 2.27 kg per tree, on average. Significant differences were observed in different years of the studies when young trees became older. The most wood came from 'Rubinstar' - 960, 1700 and 2050 kg per hectare, in the 4th, 5th and 6th year of the study, respectively. In the same years 'Jonica' gave 780, 630 and 1450 kg/ha, respectively. In middle-aged orchards with 'Jonagold' and 'Idared', significantly more wood was obtained after cutting 'Jonagold' trees: 2100, 2000 and 2550 kg/ha, than after cutting 'Idared' trees: 780, 1440 and 1350 kg/ha in the 8th, 9th and 10th year of cultivation, respectively.

PL

Celem badań było określenie ilości drewna pozostającego po cięciu pielęgnacyjnym sadów jabłoniowych. Obserwacje prowadzono przez trzy sezony, podczas produkcyjnego cięcia sadów towarowych z drzewami (na podkładce M.26) pięciu odmian: 'Jonagold', 'Elstar', 'Idared', 'Jonica' oraz 'Rubinstar'. Szerokość międzyrzę- dzi wynosiła 3,5-4,4 m, odległość między drzewami w rzędach od 1,5 do 2,5 m. Obcięte gałęzie zbierano z całej szerokości międzyrzędzi z odcinków wyznaczonych wzdłuż 20 kolejnych drzew. Masę uzyskanego drewno przeliczano na pojedyncze drzewo oraz jeden hektar powierzchni sadu. Najwięcej gałęzi pozostawało po cięciu najstarszych drzew, 17-letnich kwater z odmianą 'Elstar'. Z pojedynczego drzewa uzyskiwano od 1,92 kg do 2,43 kg, co daje 3,7-4,6 t drewna z powierzchni hektara. W sadach najmłodszych, w wieku 4-6 lat z odmianami 'Rubinstar', Jonica' oraz 'Jonagold', najmniej gałęzi uzyskano z odmiany 'Jonica' (średnio 1,59 kg/drzewo), najwi ęcej z odmiany 'Rubinstar' (2,27 kg/drzewo). Istotne różnice obserwowano w kolejnych latach uprawy wraz ze starzeniem się drzew. W 4, 5 i 6 roku uprawy najwi ęcej gałęzi pozostawało po cięciu 'Rubinstara', odpowiednio: 960, 1700 i 2050 kg/ha. W tym samym okresie masa gałęzi pozyskanych na odmianie 'Jonica' wynosiła: 780, 630 oraz 1450 kg/ha. W kwaterach odmian 'Jonagold' i 'Idared', w 8, 9 i 10 roku uprawy większą masę gałęzi uzyskano podczas cięcia 'Jonagolda', odpowiednio: 2100, 2000 oraz 2250 kg/ha. Istotnie mniej ga łęzi dała odmiana 'Idared': 780, 1440 oraz 1350 kg/ha.

16

Odnawiamy sady przydomowe

63%

Barton R.

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nr 04

5-6

17

Pruning time consumption of single branches of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees

63%

Giefing D. F. , Lukomski L. H.

|

nr 4

18

Growth and yielding of frostbitten peach trees after regenerative pruning

63%

Radajewska B. , Szklarz M.

|

nr 4

EN

In the years 2006–2008 in Przybroda near Poznań the objects of studies were peach trees ‘Harbinger’ on rootstocks Manchurian Peach, Sand Cherry and Rakoniewicka Seedling, formed as a spindle, severely damaged by frost in 2005/2006 winter. In May 2006, an intensive tree pruning was carried out. The objective of studies included the estimation of the pruning effect and rootstocks of frostbitten trees on the process of their regeneration and yielding. Pruning caused a decrease of tree height and crown width in relation to control. Trunks of the strongly pruned trees became thicker, as compared with control trees. In the third year after regenerative pruning, the trees decreased their yield by about 30% in relation to control. The best yielding trees were on rootstock Rakoniewicka Seedling, but the weakest on Sand Cherry.

PL

W latach 2006–2008 w Przybrodzie koło Poznania badano drzewa brzoskwini ‘Harbinger’ na podkładkach: Siewka Mandżurska, Wisienka stepowa i Siewka Rakoniewicka o koronie wrzecionowej, silnie uszkodzone przez mróz zimą 2005/2006. W maju 2006 r. przeprowadzono intensywne cięcie drzew. Celem badań była ocena wpływu cięcia i podkładek na proces regeneracji i plonowanie przemarzniętych drzew. Cięcie spowodowało obniżenie wysokości drzew oraz zasięgu koron w stosunku do kontroli. Grubsze były pnie drzew silnie ciętych od kontrolnych. Cięcie drzew spowodowało obniżenie plonu w 3 roku po cięciu o około 30% w stosunku do kontroli. Najlepiej plonowały drzewa na podkładce Siewka Rakoniewicka, a najsłabiej na Wisience stepowej.

19

Results of diverse planting and training systems of Harnas peach [Prunus persica [L.] Batsch] in climatic conditions of Poland

63%

Morgas H. , Mika A.

|

tom 09

|

nr 1-4

20

Effect of peach tree training and pruning on their growth and yield in the greenhouse during the first years after planting

63%

Radajewska B. , Zaworska A.

|

tom 04

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nr 2