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1
Content available Foreword to the Special Issue ‘Proxy forces in modern warfare’: Practitioner’s perspective on the use of proxy forces
100%
Cantenar Ö. F.
Security and Defence Quarterly
|
2020
|
tom 31
|
nr 4
7-9
2
Content available Introduction to the Special Issue ‘Proxy forces in modern warfare’
100%
Kozera C. A. , Gürer C.
Security and Defence Quarterly
|
2020
|
tom 31
|
nr 4
11-15
3
Content available Foreword to the Special Issue ‘Proxy forces in modern warfare’: Practitioner’s perspective on the use of proxy forces
80%
Cantenar Ö. F.
Security and Defence Quarterly
|
2020
|
tom Vol. 31, No. 4
7--9
4
Content available Introduction to the Special Issue ‘Proxy forces in modern warfare’
80%
Gürer C. , Kozera C. A.
Security and Defence Quarterly
|
2020
|
tom Vol. 31, No. 4
11--15
5
Content available Outsourcing warfare: Proxy forces in contemporary armed conflicts
70%
Wither J. K.
Security and Defence Quarterly
|
2020
|
tom Vol. 31, No. 4
17--34
EN
The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive examination of the different types of armed non-state proxy groups. It discusses their characteristics and sponsorship and how they are employed by states in pursuit of their security and foreign policy objectives. The article also analyses the reasons for the recent increase in the use of proxy forces, including the benefits and risks for states that employ them, as well as the broader impact of proxy forces on the international security environment, including great power competition. Data was collected and analysed from a wide range of secondary source documents. A descriptive, qualitative research methodology was applied to print and on-line publications available from governmental, institutional and academic sources. This involved literature reviews and case studies to provide an in-depth understanding of current thinking on the topic, while also identifying potential areas for further research. The article provides a comprehensive, qualitative analysis of the existing literature and case studies on the topic of proxy forces, which due to the research methodology applied, also relies on the researcher’s judgement, choices and assumptions. Proxy wars will remain the norm for the foreseeable future. Two strategic developments drive this conclusion. Firstly, there is the renewal of great power competition for influence, resources and security, and secondly, the imperative for states to achieve these objectives without employing their military forces in a manner that could cause a major war.
6
Content available Outsourcing warfare: Proxy forces in contemporary armed conflicts
70%
Wither J. K.
Security and Defence Quarterly
|
2020
|
tom 31
|
nr 4
17-34
EN
The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive examination of the different types of armed non-state proxy groups. It discusses their characteristics and sponsorship and how they are employed by states in pursuit of their security and foreign policy objectives. The article also analyses the reasons for the recent increase in the use of proxy forces, including the benefits and risks for states that employ them, as well as the broader impact of proxy forces on the international security environment, including great power competition. Data was collected and analysed from a wide range of secondary source documents. A descriptive, qualitative research methodology was applied to print and on-line publications available from governmental, institutional and academic sources. This involved literature reviews and case studies to provide an in-depth understanding of current thinking on the topic, while also identifying potential areas for further research. The article provides a comprehensive, qualitative analysis of the existing literature and case studies on the topic of proxy forces, which due to the research methodology applied, also relies on the researcher’s judgement, choices and assumptions. Proxy wars will remain the norm for the foreseeable future. Two strategic developments drive this conclusion. Firstly, there is the renewal of great power competition for influence, resources and security, and secondly, the imperative for states to achieve these objectives without employing their military forces in a manner that could cause a major war.
7
Content available Game of Proxies – Towards a new model of warfare: Experiences from the CAR, Libya, Mali, Syria, and Ukraine
60%
Kozera C. A. , Bernat P. , Gürer C. , Popławski B. , Sözer M. A.
Security and Defence Quarterly
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2020
|
tom Vol. 31, No. 4
77--97
EN
The objective of the study is to carry out a meaningful comparison that demonstrates the similarities and differences of various conflict theatres where proxy forces were employed. The analyses of the discussed cases focused on different aspects of the conflict and nature of the proxy use. The analyses presented on the following pages were conducted on the basis of the literature on the subject, governmental research and reports, and supporting sources reporting recent developments that complemented academic sources. Various non-state actors such as ethnic militias, paramilitary units, and private military companies have become more and more visible on contemporary battlegrounds. Modern states employ those actors to further their objectives, as this limits their own political and financial costs. This increasingly visible phenomenon points to an emerging new model of warfare where state actors are relying ever more on proxies of various character and nature. It is highly likely that any future conflict will be characterised by a proxy-based model of warfare, which will consist of a limited footprint made by regular forces (or none at all) and, consequently, the extended use of proxies supported by special forces. Because such an approach is less costly, proxies will be more often employed by low-budget states, previously reluctant to carry out such costly military endeavours. Denying the actions and affiliations of these proxies will inevitably follow and, in turn, a lack of political accountability and responsibility for the conflict’s outcome.
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