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Parasocial Interaction Does Not Function as a Relationship Mediator between the Influencer’s Online Content and the Adolescent’s Prosocial Moral Reasoning and Behaviour

100%

Brestovanský M. , Sekerešová D.

Communication Today

2022

tom 13

nr 1

130-145

Parasocial interaction (PSI) is a term describing an audience’s false belief of a social experience with a media persona. Among adolescents, influencers are the most respected media personas. Through social networking sites (SNS), they act as models representing specific value preferences and behaviours. The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between the content published by the most preferred influencers among adolescents (N – 81; 56% female; Mage – 14.12) and their prosocial behaviour and prosocial moral reasoning, with the adolescent’s PSI to an individual influencer being considered as a mediator. The content of the influencers’ contributions on YouTube and Instagram was analysed. The coding record took the form of the frequency of occurrence of individual phenomena, identifying two higher order categories (prosocial and anti-prosocial content). Parasocial interaction was measured by two PSI Scales, adapted for the environment of the SNS. Prosocial behaviour was measured by the PROS-8 scale, and prosocial moral reasoning by the PROM instrument. Results showed that the influencers significantly differed in terms of the prosocial content, with the differences linked to the influencer’s gender and the type of SNS. Examining adolescents, the more hours they spend on SNS per day, the stronger their parasocial interaction with the influencer and the less prosocial content they prefer. The more they prefer influencers with prosocial content, the more they show developmentally higher types of prosocial moral reasoning. However, the mediation analysis through hierarchical regression analysis showed that PSI as mediator did not cause a significant change in the model of the relationship between the influencers’ content and the adolescents’ behaviour and reasoning. The possible interpretations and suggestions for further research are discussed. Although there are similarities between parasocial relations and ordinary social relations, the research also revealed some important distinctions. Some of them are crucial only in the case of character development. Findings suggest that some motivational factors of prosocial behaviour are more strongly linked to PSI than others. Such discernment can be effectively used in the practice of character education.

Prosocial moral reasoning and behaviours: the role of ethics education

84%

Brestovanský M.

Forum Pedagogiczne

2016

nr 2/1

293-308

W niniejszym tekście przeanalizowano związek zachodzący między oceną lekcji etyki przez uczniów a typem rozumowania moralnego, który oni prezentują. W celu zbadania tej zależności posłużono się trzema kwestionariuszami: kwestionariuszem prospołecznego rozumowania moralnego, kwestionariuszm zachowań prospołecznych w szkole i opracowanym przez autora niniejszej publikacji kwestionariuszem oceny lekcji etyki. Próba badawcza obejmowała uczniów klas szóstych z dwudziestu sześciu szkół podstawowych z zachodniej części Słowacji w liczbie 579 uczestników (49,7 % dziewcząt, średnia wieku wyniosła 11,27, SD =0.71). Badanie dostarczyło dowodów na prawdziwość tezy, że pozytywne nastawienie do lekcji etyki wiąże się z wyższym poziomem rozumowania moralnego i powszechniejszym przejawianiem zachowań prospołecznych.

The relationship between students´ evaluation of the school subject Ethics Education and students´ type of prosocial moral reasoning and behaviours is described in the study. Prosocial moral reasoning, prosocial behaviour in the school questionnaire, and our own Ethics Education evaluation measure was used in the study. Research sample included students of 6th grades of 26 primary schools from the western part of Slovakia: 579 participants (49,7% female, Mage = 11,27; SD = .71). There is evidence which supports the idea that the positive attitude to Ethics Education is linked to developmentally higher types of reasoning and higher prevalence of prosocial behaviours.