Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Evidence-Based Ergonomics. A Comparison of Japanese and American Office Layouts

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Noro K. , Fujimaki G. , Kishi S.

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tom Vol. 9, No. 4

527--538

EN

There is a variety of alternatives in office layouts. Yet the theoretical basis and criteria for predicting how well these layouts accommodate employees are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate criteria for selecting office layouts. Intensive computer workers worked in simulated office layouts in a controlled experimental laboratory. Eye movement measures indicate that knowledge work requires both concentration and interaction. Findings pointed to one layout as providing optimum balance between these 2 requirements. Recommendations for establishing a theoretical basis and design criteria for selecting office layouts based on work style are suggested.

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Workplace design in Indonesian manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises: Review and further research

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Herwanto D. , Suzianti A. , Komarudin K.

Production Engineering Archives

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2024

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tom Vol. 30, Iss. 1

115--126

EN

Workplace design is an essential process for the manufacturing industry to realize a low manufacturing cost with high productivity and competitive advantage, as well as high employee performance and well-being. Although research on workplace design in the Indonesian manufacturing industry began more than 20 years ago, workplace conditions in the manufacturing industry, especially in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia, have remained subpar, with high material handling costs. This review article aims to evaluate recent research on workplace design in the Indonesian manufacturing SMEs and explore possible directions for further research. The results of this review indicate that the research on workplace design in Indonesian manufacturing SMEs is mostly focused on the department area (micro-level), using systematic layout planning methods to improve material handling activities. Even though environmental conditions are unfavorable with low levels of occupational safety and health, research that consider these two in the process of designing workplace in Indonesian manufacturing SMEs is still limited. This review also shows the possibility of developing an integrated workplace design by involving environmental ergonomics and occupational safety and health in manufacturing SMEs.

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Allowing for MSD Prevention During Facilities Planning for a Public Service: An a Posteriori Analysis of 10 Library Design Projects

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Bellemare M. , Trudel L. , Ledoux E. , Montreuil S. , Marier M. , Laberge M. , Vincent P.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2006

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tom Vol. 12, No. 4

387--397

EN

Research was conducted to identify an ergonomics-based intervention model designed to factor in musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) prevention when library projects are being designed. The first stage of the research involved an a posteriori analysis of 10 recent redesign projects. The purpose of the analysis was to document perceptions about the attention given to MSD prevention measures over the course of a project on the part of 2 categories of employees: librarians responsible for such projects and personnel working in the libraries before and after changes. Subjects were interviewed in focus groups. Outcomes of the analysis can guide our ergonomic assessment of current situations and contribute to a better understanding of the way inclusion or improvement of prevention measures can support the workplace design process.

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Workspace design for crane cabins applying a combined traditional approach and the Taguchi method for design of experiments

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Spasojevic Brkic V. K. , Veljkovic Z. A. , Golubovic T. , Brkic A. D. , Kosic Sotic I.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

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tom Vol. 22, No. 2

228--240

EN

Procedures in the development process of crane cabins are arbitrary and subjective. Since approximately 42% of incidents in the construction industry are linked to them, there is a need to collect fresh anthropometric data and provide additional recommendations for design. In this paper, dimensioning of the crane cabin interior space was carried out using a sample of 64 crane operators’ anthropometric measurements, in the Republic of Serbia, by measuring workspace with 10 parameters using nine measured anthropometric data from each crane operator. This paper applies experiments run via full factorial designs using a combined traditional and Taguchi approach. The experiments indicated which design parameters are influenced by which anthropometric measurements and to what degree. The results are expected to be of use for crane cabin designers and should assist them to design a cabin that may lead to less strenuous sitting postures and fatigue for operators, thus improving safety and accident prevention.

5

Anthropometric evaluation of cockpit designs

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Senol M. B.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

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tom Vol. 22, No. 2

246--256

EN

The objective of this research is to evaluate all the critical reaches in a cockpit and determine the visual sufficiency of a cockpit to accommodate 90% of potential pilots. While mismatches of measurements with cockpit dimensions are revealed, proposals are made to improve cockpit ergonomics. Regression models were generated to predict and assure adequate exterior vision. Mean, lower and upper control limits of all measurements were found acceptable except eye level. There are very strong positive relationships between stature and eye level (R2 = 0.972, p < 0.01), and eye level and visual angle (R2 = 0.994, p < 0.01). Display panel height should be at least 1.645 × SD smaller than the eye level mean or seating adjustment limits in height may be changed. In general, cockpit design is acceptable in terms of fit/reach accommodation for pilots, except eye level and visual variables that could be solved by better seat adjustments.

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Musculoskeletal Symptoms as Related to Ergonomic Factors in Iranian Hand-Woven Carpet Industry and General Guidelines for Workstation Design

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Choobineh A. , Lahmi M. , Shahnavaz H. , Jazani R. K. , Hosseini M.

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2004

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tom Vol. 10, No. 2

157--168

EN

Carpet weaving is a high risk occupation for developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The objectives of the present study, which was carried out in the Iranian hand-woven carpet industry, were determination of the prevalence of MSD symptoms, identification of major factors associated with MSD symptoms and development of guidelines for workstation design. 1,439 randomly selected weavers participated in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect data on MSD symptoms. The results revealed that the prevalence rates for symptoms in different body regions were high as compared to the general Iranian population (for neck, back and large joints, p < .0001). The results of multivariate analyses showed that major ergonomic factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms were loom type, working posture, daily working time and seat type. Based on the results, some general guidelines for designing weaving workstations were developed. A prototype test showed that the new workstation was acceptable for subject tests and that it improved working posture.

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Isometric Pull-Push Strengths in Workspace. 2, Analysis of Spatial Factors

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Das B. , Wang Y.

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2004

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tom Vol. 10, No. 1

59--64

EN

The effect of reach levels, horizontal angles and vertical angles on isometric pull and push strengths of males and females in standing and seated positions was determined. The effect of reach levels on strength varied as a consequence of force direction, working position and gender. Reach level has a significant effect on women's pull strength in the seated position and on push strength in the standing position. The strength value was significantly greater in the extreme reach than in maximum or normal reach. Vertical angle ö had a significant effect on strength consistently in all cases. Strength values increased significantly with the increase of ö angles from 0º to 45º to 90º. The horizontal angle è had a significant influence only on the pull strength of standing and seated men and standing women (not seated woman). The maximum strength was significantly greater at è = 90º.

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CCall-Healthy and Successful Work in Call Centres

80%

Benninghoven A. , Bindzius F. , Braun D. , Cramer J. , Ellegast R. , Flowerday U. , Genz A. , Heyden T. , Pfeiffer W. , Schittly D. , Schweer R. , Stamm R.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2005

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tom Vol. 11, No. 4

409--421

EN

Call centre workplaces are in many ways a challenge to occupational health and safety. The occupation itself can be described as an information technology-supported, communication-intensive form of work with often unusual working hours and a high rate of part-time employment. Data on the employee turnover as well as absenteeism related to occupational disability is quite contradictory. Occupational safety and its proponents still have to find new ways into the corporate structures and cultures of this relatively new and rapidly growing branch of industry. In a 2-year research and development project, using a holistic approach and under consideration of all the relevant disciplines, call centre workplaces were studied, and organisational measures were developed and field tested by putting them into practice. Practical help was developed for a sustainable strategy for successful and healthy work in call centres.