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3 Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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K některým otázkám závislostní gramatiky

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Hajičová E.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2006

tom 67

nr 1

3-26

The popularity of dependency-based syntax has grown in the last thirty years, in spite of the fact that phrase-structure-based descriptions have prevailed in so-called mainstream linguistics. Two factors are important here: (i) a growing interest in semantics, which results in the penetration of dependency-based notions into the original phrase-structure-based grammars, (ii) dependency offers a more perspicuous view of the sentence structure and as such has played an important role in computational linguistics. We first summarize the basic tenets of both theories mentioned above (Section 2) and point out the reasons for the growing interest in dependency-based grammars (Section 3). In Section 4, attention is focused on one of the issues often quoted as problematic in dependency-based analysis, namely cases in which the surface order of words is not in accordance with the condition of projectivity. The analysis, based on material from the Prague Dependency Treebank, supports the claim made by Functional Generative Description that this issue can be adequately solved by postulating a dependency-based underlying (tectogrammatical) syntactic structure that meets the condition of projectivity and by describing the relationship between this structure and the surface word order on the basis of certain contextual conditions.

Dosavadní výzkum oprav a zvláště sebeoprav jako inspirace pro výzkum syntaxe mluvené češtiny

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Homoláč J. , Mrázková K.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2018

tom 79

nr 2

141-156

The article provides an overview of two approaches to the issue of repairs, especially self-repairs. After summarizing the main findings of work done in Conversation Analysis, the authors focus on the “syntax of repair”, i.e. the body of research which, though inspired by Conversation Analysis, concentrates mostly on the relationship between practices of doing self-repair and the syntactic and morphological features of a given language. Drawing upon the existing findings and a preliminary analysis of their own data, the authors establish the following objectives for the research on self-repairs in spoken Czech: a) to set up an inventory of both verbal and non-verbal initiators of self-repairs in Czech and to describe their usage, and in the case of verbal initiators, to verify whether this usage is affected by other meanings of the given expression, b) to describe the basic operations used in doing self-repair in Czech, and c) to find out to what extent the scope and structure of the repair segment (i.e. whether and how much of the linguistic context of the repairable is repeated or possibly modified) are influenced by the morphosyntactic features of Czech.

Ověřování lingvistické teorie nad počítačovým korpusem

80%

Hajičová E.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

2008

tom 69

nr 1-2

131-142

The building up and annotation of text corpora (both written and spoken) has become one of the urgent topics in present-day linguistics; the creation of the Czech National Corpus and the morphologically and syntactically annotated Prague Dependency Treebank documents that the Prague Linguistic School has not only kept contact with the recent trends of linguistic studies in the world, but in some aspects, it even sets an example. In the present contribution, several linguistic phenomena are selected to illustrate how a systematically designed and carefully implemented deep-level annotation of a large corpus of Czech texts may serve to verify linguistic theory. The theory underlying the annotation is that of Functional Generative Description (FGD) designed by Petr Sgall in the early 1960s as an original alternative to Chomskyan transformational grammar and developed since then by a group of Praguian theoretical and computational linguists at Charles University.