The first constitution of the Ottoman-Turkish Empire was adopted in 1876 – the Kânûn-ı Esâsî (Eng. Fundamental Law). In its history, Turkey has had four constitutions. They were adopted in 1921, 1924, 1961, and 1982, with the latter being presently in force. Nowadays, the creation of a new constitution is the main issue on Turkey’s political agenda. The government of Turkey and Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdogan want to amend the constitution, and envisage creating an executive presidential system (Tur. Başkanlık sistemi), similar to that of the Russian Federation and the United States. Critics are concerned about what Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s motivation may be. This article analyzes the historical roots of the constitution, its amendments, the presidential system in Turkey and the arguments of the Republican People’s Party (CHP) and Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP) against the adoption of a presidential system. The key issues that the authors address are the changes that could be made under Turkey’s new constitution and whether all political power would be concentrated in president’s hands.
The article presents the evolution of selected elements of the political system in Mexico and their impact on its relative stability and predictability in comparison with other countries in the region. It brings an overview of the issue from both a historical and contemporary perspective, with particular emphasis given on their role in shaping the state policy.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia ewolucję wybranych elementów systemu politycznego w Meksyku wpływających na jego względną stabilizację i przewidywalność na tle pozostałych państw regionu. Dokonuje ich przeglądu z perspektywy zarówno historycznej, jak i współcze-snej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich oddziaływań na proces kształtowania polityki państwa.