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EN
The schistosomocidal drug praziquantel is not electroreducible at mercury electrode; however, by means of nitration it is possible to obtain an electroactive nitro-praziquantel derivative. The adsorption behavior of nitro praziquantel derivative on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) was examined using cyclic voltammetry and differential-pulse techniques. Accumulation of this derivative was optimized in Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 4.0) Solution the following conditions: accumulation potential, 0.0 mV; accumulation time, 60 s, and rest time 15 s. Under these conditions, the current showed a linear dependence with concentration in the range from 7.5 x 10(9) to 2.5 x 10~7mol 1(-1). The precision, in terms of relative standard deviation, for 10 determinations of 5 x 10(-8) mol(-1) solution was 1.8%. The detection limit was estimated as 2.5 x 10(-9) mol 1(-1). The method was applied to serum samples spiked with praziquantel, and recovery of 98.8% x 2.4% was obtained.
PL
Paraziquantel nie redukuje się na elektrodzie rtęciowej, ale po znitrowaniu staje się elektroaktywny i dodatkowo silnie adsorbuje się na rtęci. Dzięki temu można go zatężać z roztworów o bardzo małych stężeniach. Optymalne warunki oznaczania praziquantelu metodą różnicowej pulsowej adsorpcyjnej woltamperometrii inwersyjnej określono jako: pH = 4, potencjał zatężenia O.OV, czas zatężania 60 s, czas odpoczynku 15 s. Krzywa kalibrowania była liniowa w zakresie stężeń 7.5 x10(-9)-2.5 x1(-1) mol1(-1). Odchylenie standardowe pomiarów wynosiło 1.8% dla 10 pomiarów w roztworze o stężeniu 5 x 10(-8) mol 1(-1). Granicę wykrywalności oznaczono jako 2.5 x 10(-9) mol 1(-1). Opracowaną metodę zastosowano do oznaczania leku wprowadzonego do surowicy i uzyskano odzysk 98.8 š 2.4%.
EN
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of praziquantel at 3.75 mg/kg b.w. and 5 mg/kg b.w. in treating Moniezia expansa and to observe the appearance of the parasite in the faeces of sheep following the treatment. Thirty-six sheep (24 male + 12 female), naturally infected with Moniezia expansa, were allocated to three groups according to the following dosage regimes: Group 1-3.75 mg/kg b.w., n = 12; Group 2-5 mg/kg b.w., n = 12; Control group, n = 12. The sheep were around 6-7 months old and weighed between 17.7 - 35 kg. Sheep were randomly divided into equal groups based on mean weight and sex. Faeces were collected after 12, 36, 60, 84, 108, 132 and 156 hours and just before slaughter (final 24 hours faeces) into faecal collection bags in the treatment groups. The collected faeces were then examined macroscopically for any parasite segments and microscopically for parasite eggs. After treatment the sheep excreted parasite segments as either normal parasite forms or deformed forms (melted and capsule or rosary forms). Equal numbers of animals (3 from each group) were slaughtered 10, 11, 12 and 13 days following treatment and their intestinal contents examined for the presence of parasites. None of the treated animals either in group1 or group 2 had strobilae or scolices of M. expansa in their intestine contents after the slaughter. In contrast, sheep in the control group had 0.5-61 ml strobilae and 1-8 scolices belonging to M. expansa, Thysaniezia giardi and Stilesia globipunctata. It was concluded that praziquantel at the dose rates used in the study was 100 % effective against Moniezia expansa.
EN
Background. The European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), is considered an endangered species and a series of protective measures have been implemented within the European community in order to enhance natural stocks. Restocking natural habitats with larger eels reared from the glass-eel stage in recirculated farming systems may be one solution. Gill diseases caused by monogenean parasites of the genus Pseudodactylogyrus are currently causing morbidity and mortality in these farms and previously applied standard treatments have recently failed. Therefore the applied control methods should be verified and novel solutions proposed. Materials and methods. Eels infected by Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae were obtained from a typical recirculated eel-culture system which had been treated regularly but recently unsuccessfully with benzimidazole anthelmintics. In the laboratory infected eels were subjected to bath treatments with flubendazole (5 or 10 mg · L–1) or praziquantel (5 or 10 mg · L–1) for 24 h at 25ºC and parasite infections were recorded three days post-treatment. Results. Gill monogeneans, Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae, were not controlled by the anthelmintic flubendazole at any of the dosages tested whereas praziquantel showed a significant effect when used as bath (5 and 10 mg · L–1). Conclusion. The failure of flubendazole for control of pseudodactylogyrosis may result from selection of anthelmintic resistant parasite strains due to use of benzimidazoles for decades. Future treatment regimes during acute outbreaks may be based on praziquantel. A risk for future continued selection for anthelmintic resistance exists and supplementary non-chemical methods (mechanical and biological) in rearing of European eel should be emphasized in the future management practice of eel.
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