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1

The role and scope of architectural and conservation research procedures in the process of restoring the splendour of an architectural monument created after 1945 on the example of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia

100%

Orchowska-Smolińska A. , Kriegseisen A.

Architectus

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2022

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nr 4 (72)

117-128

PL

Budynki modernistyczne pomimo względnie nieodległego czasu powstania bywają dotknięte radykalnymi przekształceniami układu i formy. Szczególną ich grupą są dworce, które jako jedne z najważniejszych budynków publicznych miasta z powodu długotrwającego i intensywnego użytkowania mogą nosić znamiona wyeksploatowania fragmentów substancji oraz mieć wtórne nawarstwienia dysharmonizujące z obiektem. Tematem artykułu są badania architektoniczne i konserwatorskie powstałego w połowie lat 50. XX w. Dworca Podmiejskiego w Gdyni. Autorki artykułu postawiły sobie za cel przedstawienie opracowanych dla niego w latach 2016–2022 procedur badawczych stanowiących wstęp do działań rewaloryzacyjnych. Zastosowane podczas prac terenowych metody badań pozwoliły na identyfikację oryginalnych technik wykonania i metod wykończenia oraz określenie procedur ich odtwarzania metodami konserwatorskimi. Wyniki przeprowadzonych prac stały się podstawą wyznaczenia zakresu ochrony konserwatorskiej budynku dworcowego i określenia możliwości ingerencji w jego częściowo pozbawioną funkcji substancję za pośrednictwem działań adaptacyjnych i modernizacyjnych.

EN

Modern Movement buildings, despite their relatively recent construction, are sometimes affected by radical transformations of layout and form. The railway stations being one of the most important public buildings in the city are a special group of them. Due to long-term and intensive use they may bear the signs of exploitation of parts of its substance and have secondary transformations disharmony with the building. The subject of the article are architectural and conservation studies of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia, built in the mid-1950s. The authors of the article set themselves the goal of presenting the research procedures developed for it in the years 2016–2022, which are an introduction to revaluation process. The research methods used during the field work made it possible to identify the originally used techniques of execution and finishing methods and to determine the procedures for their reconstruction using conservation methods. The results of the conducted research became the basis for determining the scope of conservation protection of the station building, as well as the possibility of interfering with its partly “functionless” substance through adaptation and modernization activities.

2

Konserwacja obiektów sztuki sakralnej Kresów Wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej

100%

Smaza J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2010

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nr 1-4

85-94

EN

The tumultuous history of World War II along with its political outcomes have not only lead to moving borders of the Republic of Poland, but also to losing a considerable part of its territory. The lands which were the source and the breeding ground for multicultural tangible and intangible values remained beyond the eastern border. While direct military activities did not lead to the destruction of many temples, the period of fratricidal combat, particularly in Volhynia, fuelled chiefly with hatred and anger, caused vast destruction. Another period was the rule of the Soviet authorities, whose main goals included fighting religion, as well as its entire tangible heritage. The forms and the intensity of fighting varied: temples were being closed, blown up or transformed into factories, power stations, prisons, bakeries, warehouses (usually for artificial fertilizers, oftentimes stored loose), mills, stables, department stores, gymnasiums, offices, apartments, concert halls, or museums of atheism and religion; this was connected with the removal of crosses, towers and domes. Frequently, reconstructions were so extensive that today it is very difficult to recognise that they were once sacred buildings. The furnishing of temples, which often was at the highest artistic level in the world, suffered the cruellest fate. Usually, it was barbarically removed and burnt. Immense geopolitical changes in East-Central Europe in the early 1990’s brought independence to many countries, which undertook a number of regulations enabling the return of temples to their rightful owners. This process, very vigorous in the first period, has almost ceased in recent years. Restoring fairly original appearance to the recovered temples required a huge sacrifice, and oftentimes heroism. First of all, protective, repair, and construction works had to be conducted, in many instances without adequate knowledge. The restoration of the sacred interior designs of the temples was done on a random basis. While the way of proceeding with the restorations was somewhat justified at the time, the activities in recent years, including among others, the inappropriate reconstruction of furnishing, have resulted in a loss of the last remaining values. They have been replaced with mediocrity and tackiness. Professional restoration works have been carried out only in few cases. The reasons for this are varied, on the one hand, among others, the lack of funds, the lack of adequate identification and the preparation of objects in such a vast territory, and on the other hand, the lack of partners. Presently, works on the appropriate professional level are being conducted almost in every scope and discipline at several dozen temples. They are carried out by highly experienced specialists from Polish schools. The works which have been conducted for the last 22 years in the 17th century collegiate church in Zhovkva, Ukraine, constitute one of such exceptions. They have been carried out by students and graduates of Polish schools: the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw and the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, as well as the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń at the faculty of conservation and restoration of sculpture and architectural structure, and occasionally conservation and restoration of painting, or historic textiles. The works have been conducted in various forms: as holiday internships (month long) or MA theses (in case of the Academy in Warsaw), and the most difficult conservation issues are solved by international committees of specialists and are rendered by certified conservators and restorers of works of art based on the contract for specific task (it has only been several years that this form has contributed to a significant acceleration of the state of completing the restoration of the temple), and also as a form of volunteer work. This last form of activity (increasingly popular) requires highly qualified specialists who undertake full responsibility for the conducted works. Moreover, specific regulations exist which pertain to carrying out restoration works on historical monuments. The assistance, especially financial, of the Department of National Heritage, existing as a part of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, or the Centre of Polish Cultural Heritage Abroad at the Association “Polish Community”, as well as the Senate of the Republic of Poland and various foundations, has decidedly increased the number of works rendered on the highest professional level in the world serving the preservation of heritage of the eastern borderlands. It is, regrettably, still “a drop in the ocean”.

3

The role and scope of architectural and conservation research procedures in the process of restoring the splendour of an architectural monument created after 1945 on the example of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia

100%

Orchowska-Smolińska A. , Kriegseisen A.

Architectus

|

2022

|

tom Nr 4 (72)

117--128

EN

Modern Movement buildings, despite their relatively recent construction, are sometimes affected by radical transformations of layout and form. The railway stations being one of the most important public buildings in the city are a special group of them. Due to long-term and intensive use they may bear the signs of exploitation of parts of its substance and have secondary transformations disharmony with the building. The subject of the article are architectural and conservation studies of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia, built in the mid-1950s. The authors of the article set themselves the goal of presenting the research procedures developed for it in the years 2016–2022, which are an introduction to revaluation process. The research methods used during the field work made it possible to identify the originally used techniques of execution and finishing methods and to determine the procedures for their reconstruction using conservation methods. The results of the conducted research became the basis for determining the scope of conservation protection of the station building, as well as the possibility of interfering with its partly “functionless” substance through adaptation and modernization activities.

PL

Budynki modernistyczne pomimo względnie nieodległego czasu powstania bywają dotknięte radykalnymi przekształceniami układu i formy. Szczególną ich grupą są dworce, które jako jedne z najważniejszych budynków publicznych miasta z powodu długotrwającego i intensywnego użytkowania mogą nosić znamiona wyeksploatowania fragmentów substancji oraz mieć wtórne nawarstwienia dysharmonizujące z obiektem. Tematem artykułu są badania architektoniczne i konserwatorskie powstałego w połowie lat 50. XX w. Dworca Podmiejskiego w Gdyni. Autorki artykułu postawiły sobie za cel przedstawienie opracowanych dla niego w latach 2016–2022 procedur badawczych stanowiących wstęp do działań rewaloryzacyjnych. Zastosowane podczas prac terenowych metody badań pozwoliły na identyfikację oryginalnych technik wykonania i metod wykończenia oraz określenie procedur ich odtwarzania metodami konserwatorskimi. Wyniki przeprowadzonych prac stały się podstawą wyznaczenia zakresu ochrony konserwatorskiej budynku dworcowego i określenia możliwości ingerencji w jego częściowo pozbawioną funkcji substancję za pośrednictwem działań adaptacyjnych i modernizacyjnych.