W pracy opisano badania otrzymywania granulowanych nawozów wieloskładnikowych o zmniejszonej szybkości rozpuszczania przez zastosowanie metody granulacji talerzowej i powlekanie granulek wodnym roztworem dyspersji polimerowej. Badania potwierdziły, że proponowaną metodą można otrzymywać nawozy o tzw. deklarowanym czasie rozpuszczania, nawet do ponad 10 miesięcy.
Scharakteryzowano techniki powlekania, laminowania i metalizacji stanowiące (obok zadrukowywania i współwytlaczania) podstawowe metody uszlachetniania folii z tworzyw sztucznych wykorzystywanych do celów opakowaniowych. Przedstawione sposoby powlekania obejmują systemy: grawiurowy, rolkowy, stykowy i z wykorzystaniem szczotki powietrznej oraz powlekanie w wyniku wytłaczania. Omówione systemy laminowania to laminowanie "na mokro", "na sucho", w wyniku wytłaczania oraz z wykorzystaniem mas topliwych. Proces metalizacji, w zależności od rodzaju folii metalizowanej, może spowodować zmniejszenie przepuszczalności pary wodnej i gazów nawet o dwa rzędy wartości. Określono zakres zastosowań opisanych metod uszlachetniania folii.
EN
Coating , laminating and metallizing procedures are reviewed, representing (in addition to printing and co-extruding) the major techniques to upgrade plastic films used for packaging purposes. The coating procedures include gravure, roll, air-knife, and extrusion techniques. The lamination procedures include wet-bonding, dry-bonding, extrusion, and hot-melt techniques. Depending on the type of film, metallization enables the permeability of water vapor and other gases to be reduced by as much as two orders of magnitude. The scope of application of the upgrading procedures is given.
Zasadniczym celem projektu jest opracowanie technologii modyfikacji powierzchniowej ceramicznych materiałów kościozastępczych, a w efekcie zaproponowanie biomateriału o zwiększonej biozgodności z tkankami pacjenta o dodatkowych właściwościach antybakteryjnych. Zmiana właściwości powierzchniowych implantów ceramicznych poprzez pokrycie ich powłoką polimerową z użyciem techniki L-b-L, winna sprzyjać wytworzeniu bezpośredniego połączenia między materiałem wszczepowym a tkanką biorcy. Zabezpieczenie przed infekcjami w miejscu wszczepu i aktywność antybiotykowa nadaje materiałowi użyte srebro koloidalne.
EN
Main goal of this project is to develop a technology of modification of ceramic materials surface for bone replacement, and as an effect proposition of biomaterial with higher biocompatibility with recipient tissues and additional antibacterial properties. Change of the surface properties of ceramic implants thanks to covering them with polymer layer with usage of L-b-L method, should favour direct connection between implant material and recipients tissue. Inflammation protection in an implantation vicinity and antibiotic activity of material will be obtained by usage of colloidal silver.
The brushes are used for transmission of electric current from or to rotating surfaces depending on the type of electrical machines. Besides the process of current transmission, what is significant for the brushes is the tribological process, which is the subject of the experiment. The brush was exposed to a planned experiment and a regression and correlation analyses of tribological process of brush wearing relative to the time were undertaken. The interdependency has been tested and determined by regression analysis and by correlation analysis, the connection between the length of wearing Y of the examined brush and observing time X, taken in mode of statistics agglomerates. The wearing of brushes in practice varies relative to the time. The variations may result in extreme wearing of brushes, changes in the current transmission - arcing of brushes and the like.
The laser deposited coating of Tribaloy T-400 cobalt base alloy containing Mo, Cr and Si has been subjected to solid particle erosion. Changes in alloy surface layer morphology and microstructure due to intensive particles impact have been studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Three zones ranging down to 30-40 micrometers under the eroded surface have been distingished regarding the microstructural effects observed. The microstructure changed from nearly amorphous at the surface through strongly dislocated in the second zone to containing stacking faults in third zone.
Results of investigations on obtaining the thermal barrier coatings (TBC) and their properties have been presented in the article. Coatings were formed by a thermal spraying method using a A3000 system controlled by computer and with a robot. For spraying the following materials: ZrO2xY2O3 and MeCrAlY as an interlayer were used. The coating structure examinations were made. Powder morphology was determined by the scanning microscope method. Tests by the thermal shock method were conducted in the air atmosphere by heating the specimens to 1200 degrees centigrade for 15 min. and cooling to 250 degrees centigrade for 5 min. Hot corrosion resistance tests were conducted at 900 degrees centigrade in the Na2SO4 medium. Tests showed low resistance of TBC coatings to that type of corrosion. The TBC coatings were formed on the combustion chamber elements.
AlSn20 films were prepared by magnetron sputter deposition in an argon gas plasma. The films were obtained at different working pressures and contents of oxygen in vacuum chamber, as well as at different cathode - substrate distance and sputter rates. The observation of film morphology was carried out with the use of SEM. It was proved that distance cathode - substrate, content of oxygen and gas pressure in vacuum chamber exert significant effect on the morphology of AlSn20 films.
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