Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Fake news, puff, hoax i canard. Perspektywa historyka mediów

100%

Żyrek-Horodyska E.

|

nr 2

87-100

EN

The aim of this article is to discuss the idea of fictional texts, which were published in the printed press in XVIII and XIX century. The author presents the famous fake news, hoaxes, puffs, and canards and analyzes how these forms were perceived by the press commentators of that time (such as Richard Steele, Joseph Addison, Jonathan Swift, Edgar Allan Poe, Gerard de Nerval, Honore de Balzac, Bruno Kicinski). In the press of the Enlightenment era, which was dominated by essay writing, fictional articles were usually created for satirical purposes and they were used to highlight various human flaws. The development of mass press in the nineteenth century contributed to the fact that publications based on false news were used by journalists for a different purpose. These texts were primarily treated as a tool to gain the reader's attention in order to expand the group of regular subscribers. In the press of the first half of the XIX century, fictitious articles were associated with a romantic appreciation of the imagination. In the history of the media fake news, hoaxes, and canards also served as entertainment. They aroused curiosity, attracted the attention of readers, and they allowed journalists to fill empty columns of periodicals during a period of severe censorship. The research focuses on three countries: England, France and Poland. The comparative perspective shows the differences and similarities in the approach to the problem of fictional texts presented by writers and journalists creating their texts in different languages.

2

Udział post-prawdy w wywoływaniu i podtrzymywaniu panik moralnych

72%

Strupiechowska M.

|

nr 9

164-185

EN

The article attempts to answer the question about the scope of post-truth phenomenon in the process of creating an atmosphere of moral panic – increased social unrest and the accompanying inadequate response of the media. The critical analysis of the media discourse on the analyses social issues allows to state that with the expansion of new technologies and the way of communicating, the frequency of creating false information increases, the specificity of the phenomenon of raising social anxiety and the creation of non-matching visions of reality is changing.

PL

W artykule została podjęta próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o zakres udziału zjawiska post-prawdy w procesie kreowania atmosfery paniki moralnej, czyli podwyższonego niepokoju społecznego i towarzyszącej mu nieadekwatnej reakcji mediów. Krytyczna analiza dyskursu medialnego dotyczącego analizowanych problemów społecznych pozwala stwierdzić, że wraz z rozwojem nowych technologii i sposobów komunikowania, zmienia się specyfika zjawiska wzbudzania społecznego niepokoju oraz tworzenia nieprzystających do siebie wizji rzeczywistości.

3

Scena prawdy dyskursywnej i postprawdy. „Fakty autentyczne” i fakty medialne we współczesnym teatrze polskim

61%

Dobrowolski P.

|

nr 30

EN

Theatre practitioners’ statements relating to the notion of truth lead to the category of post-truth. Stage of discursive truth and post-truth article discusses theatre practice of engaging feelings, impressions and emotions to take precedence over interpretations, assessments and descriptions of facts. The article critically approaches using of media discourses in theatre in order to produce the imitation of truth. The author refers to Agnieszka Jakimiak’s and Weronika Szczawińska’s play Wojny, których nie przeżyłam [Wars I have not experienced] and other selected recent Polish plays and performances. The thesis connects the media-shaped image of Polish theatre art institution seen as an area of provocation with an experience of a viewer and an ontological status of an actor. This allows drawing a conclusion that theatre uses the category of truth instrumentally, as one of its repertoire’s tools to provoke emotional reactions in the audience. Theatre performances allow one to explore the world, but also to co-create it. The theatre is a performative and cognitive sieve provoking and shaping experience that affects reality.

4

How Useful is the Concept of Post-Truth in Analysing Genocide Denial?: Analysis of Online Comments on the Jedwabne Massacre

58%

Gudonis M.

|

nr 8

141-182

EN

The choice of “post-truth” as the OED’s 2016 word of the year spawned a large number of academic and popular texts. Some authors considered genocide denial to be an example of post-truth rhetoric. This study analysed the emerging literature on the subject and identified the notion of “indifference to truth” as a key defining characteristic that was distinct from neighbouring concepts. User comments to four online Newsweek Polska articles concerning the 1941 Jedwabne massacre of Jews were then scrutinized through the conceptual lens of indifference to truth. As a result, five types of post-truth rhetoric were constructed, identifying, tentatively, new forms of online genocide denial: (i) Explicit Indifference, (ii) Unsubstantiated Fabrication, (iii) Unconcerned Contradiction, (iv) Political Instrumentalization, and (v) Gratuitous Perversion.

PL

Wybór "postprawdy” jako słowa roku 2016 słownika oksfordzkiego spowodował powstanie dużej liczby tekstów akademickich i popularnych. Niektórzy autorzy uważali zaprzeczanie ludobójstwu za przykład retoryki postprawdy. W tym badaniu przeanalizowano powstającą literaturę na ten temat i określono pojęcie "obojętności do prawdy”, jako kluczową cechę definiującą, która różni się od sąsiednich pojęć. Komentarze użytkowników do czterech internetowych artykułów „Newsweeka Polski” dotyczących masakry Żydów w Jedwabnem w 1941 r. zostały następnie przeanalizowane z perspektywy pojęciowej obojętności do prawdy. W rezultacie skonstruowano pięć typów retoryki postprawdy, identyfikując, wstępnie, nowe formy zaprzeczania ludobójstwu online: (i) wyrazista obojętność, (ii) bezpodstawne zmyślenie, (iii) beztroska sprzeczność, (iv) instrumentalizacja polityczna, oraz (v) nieuzasadniona przewrotność.