Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The Type and Role of Social Capital in Post-Transition European Economies

100%

Lissowska M.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2009

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tom 230

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nr 3

1-26

EN

Social capital is widely seen as an important factor behind economic development. It facilitates ties between businesses and reduces transaction costs. It also creates an innovation-friendly environment. But research reports also list some negative aspects of social capital, such as the creation of divisions within society and the uncontrolled emergence of various self-interest groups, and, in extreme cases, mafia-type organizations. Another problem is that the very concept of social capital has not been clearly defined in research reports, according to the author. Lissowska sets out to determine if post-socialist countries differ from other economies in the way they use social capital. She starts out by defining social capital as a partially altruistic approach of an individual toward other people. The study is based on data for 23 European countries collected during a European Social Survey in 2006. This body of data makes the author conclude that post-socialist countries have distinct features as far as social capital is concerned, such as a low level of social confidence and a tendency to maintain “close” rather than “remote” social ties. However, other countries such as Portugal, Cyprus and, less markedly, Spain, display similar features, Lissowska notes. These features may result from these countries’ totalitarian past when social ties were more difficult to establish and maintain than today. They also stem from historic cultural factors such as insufficiently developed civil-society traditions in some of these countries, poor quality of government and law enforcement, religious traditions and new social trends such as people’s drive to succeed economically.

2

Low Reliance on Credit Among Polish Firms: A Blessing in Disguise at a Time of Financial Crisis?

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Boguszewski P. , Lissowska M.

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tom 257

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nr 7-8

1-25

PL

Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie nieoczekiwanej odporności gospodarki polskiej na skutki globalnego kryzysu finansowego, mimo jej silnej integracji z gospodarkami innych krajów. Stawiamy tezę, że jedną z ważnych przyczyn tej odporności była niska zależność polskich firm od kredytu (niskie wykorzystywanie dźwigni finansowej). Dla wykazania tej tezy posługujemy się zarówno danymi makroekonomicznymi (stan i zmiany udziału kredytu i zobowiązań w bilansach firm o różnej wielkości), jak i danymi pochodzącymi z badań ankietowych przeprowadzanych corocznie na reprezentatywnej próbie firm przez GUS i NBP. Z badania wynika, że duża część firm w ogóle nie posługuje się kredytem. Nie są to jednak firmy o złej kondycji, którym odmówiono kredytu. Biorąc pod uwagę również dobrą kondycję finansową przedsiębiorstw w Polsce w ostatnich kilku latach należy zatem wnioskować, że mały zakres posługiwania się dźwignią finansową był świadomym wyborem przedsiębiorstw o lepszej kondycji finansowej które, zgodnie z teorią „pecking order”, posługiwały się w pierwszej kolejności środkami własnymi. Taka struktura finansowania powodowała ich relatywną odporność na okresowe zacieśnienie polityki kredytowej przez banki i, w konsekwencji, słabszą reakcję na warunki kryzysu finansowego.

EN

The article explores the extraordinary resilience of the Polish economy to the implications of the global financial crisis despite Poland’s strong integration with other economies. The authors hypothesize that one of the key reasons for this resilience is a low reliance on credit among Polish firms and their low use of financial leverage. To validate their hypothesis, the authors use both macroeconomic data (reflecting the role of credit in company balance sheets) and data from surveys carried out annually on a representative sample of companies by Poland’s Central Statistical Office (GUS) and the country’s central bank, the National Bank of Poland (NBP). The research shows that many firms decide against using credit at all if possible. Interestingly, the authors say, not only companies with a poor financial standing and those whose loan applications have been turned down follow this policy. Generally, Polish companies have been doing relatively well financially in recent years, the authors note, so their limited use of leverage is the result of a conscious choice rather than necessity, especially in the case of companies in relatively good shape. This is in line with the “pecking order” theory under which companies tend to obtain financing from sources that are readily available and then steadily move on to sources that may be more difficult to utilize. This means that a company is likely to make use of its internal resources first. Such a model of financing results in the relative resistance of Polish firms to any periodic tightening in bank lending policies and, consequently, in their greater resilience to the financial crisis, Boguszewski and Lissowska say.

3

Internationalization and Firm Performance of Companies Listed At the Warsaw Stock Exchange

63%

Radło M. J. , Ciesielska- Maciągowska D.

Ekonomika i Organizacja Przedsiębiorstwa

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2015

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nr 11 (790)

92-102

EN

The goal of this study was to assess the impact of the internationalization on the performance of companies in Poland. This paper adds value to the existing research in three areas. Firstly, it tests the hypotheses of a linear, U-shaped and S-shaped relationship between internationalization and company performance as well as shed additional light on this relationship. Secondly, it verifies the mentioned relationship using data for companies listed at the Warsaw Stock Exchange which are still in most cases on early stage of internationalization. Thirdly, the paper contributes to the discussion about the role of corporate structures in economic development of post-transition economies. The results of our study confirmed that there is the S-shaped relationship between multinationality and performance, however, the precise shape of S-curve obtained in our analysis is different that presented in similar studies.

PL

Celem niniejszego rozdziału jest dokonanie oceny wpływu umiędzynarodowienia przedsiębiorstw na ich rentowność, a także podjęcie próby odpowiedzi na pytanie jak umiędzynarodowienie wpływa na polskie przedsiębiorstwa. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzają S-kształtną zależność pomiędzy badanymi zmiennymi, co jest zbieżne z wynikami innych badań poświęconych temu zagadnieniu, jednakże kształt otrzymanej krzywej jest odmienny niż w dostępnej literaturze poświęconej temu zagadnieniu.

4

Factors influencing job satisfaction in post-transition economies: the case of the Czech Republic

63%

Cabelkova I. , Abrham J. , Strielkowski W.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2015

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tom Vol. 21, No. 4

448--456

EN

This paper presents an analysis of factors influencing job satisfaction in post-transition economies on the example of the Czech Republic. Our research shows that women reported higher levels of job satisfaction compared to men. Education proved to be statistically significant in one of three indicators of job satisfaction. Personal income and workplace relationships proved to be positively and significantly related to all the three indicators of job satisfaction. Most of the occupational dummies were significantly related to two out of three indicators of job satisfaction. In addition, we found that Czech entrepreneurs enjoy and value their job, which indicates strong self-selection for doing business in post-transition economies. However, human capital expressed by the level of education was significant factor for job satisfaction, meaning that well-educated people might not be satisfied with their jobs or feel that their education and experience are wasted in the market economy.