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PL
Badania prowadzono w latach 2003-2006 na polach Stacji Doświadczalnej IUNG - PIB w Jelczu Laskowicach w ramach Porejestrowego Doświadczalnictwa Odmianowego (PDO). Oceniono wpływ zróżnicowanego nawożenia azotowego na plonowanie roślin oraz wybrane wskaźniki architektury łanu kilku odmian pszenicy jarej. Odmiany należały do trzech grup wartości technologicznej: elitarnej, jakościowej i chlebowej. Czynnikami doświadczenia były odmiany oraz dawki nawożenia azotem. Doświadczenia zakładano na glebie kompleksu żytniego bardzo dobrego metodą pasów prostopadłych (split-block) w dwóch powtórzeniach. Pomiary powierzchni liści (LAI) oraz średniego kąta ich nachylenia (MTA) wykonano w czterech powtórzeniach miernikiem LAI-2000 w fazie początku kłoszenia pszenicy. W badaniach nie wykazano związku wskaźnika LAI z plonem ziarna pszenicy jarej. Duży wpływ na wyniki badań wywierały warunki pogodowe w poszczególnych latach badań. Zróżnicowane nawożenie azotowe nie wpłynęło istotnie na żaden z badanych wskaźników.
EN
Investigations were carried out over the years 2003-2006 on the fields of Jelcz-Laskowice Experimental Station, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, within the Programme of Postregistration Cultivar Experimentation. The experiments aimed at estimation of the influence of differentiated nitrogen fertilization rate on yielding of plants and selected indices of canopy architecture for several spring wheat cultivars. The cultivars belonged to three groups of technological value: elite, qualitative and the bread one. Wheat cultivars and doses of N-fertilization were experimental factors. The experiments were laid out on soil of very good rye complex, in the split-block design and two replications. The measurements of leaf areas (LAI) and mean tip angles (MTA) were done in four replications with the LAI-2000 meter at the beginning of wheat heading. The results did not show significant relations between the leaf area index (LAI) and the yield of spring wheat grain. Investigation results were found to be strongly affected by the weather conditions in particular years. Differentiated nitrogen fertilization did not influence significantly any of the traits tested.
EN
The aim of the research was to identify the extent of winter triticale colonization by most frequently occurring pests. The object of investigation were winter triticale varieties recommended for the cultivation each year in Wielkopolskie voivodeship, based on the List of Recommended Varieties (LZO) on the territory of voivodeships. Among the recommended varieties of winter triticale the best resistance to the colonization and injuries by phytophages (beetles and larvae of Oulema, Sitobion avenae, Agromyza spp., Cerodontha spp.) have the varieties: Witon and Pawo. They are somewhat more susceptible to colonizing by Eurygaster sp. and Aelia sp. Levels of nitrogen fertilization have a significant influence on the extent of colonization by agrophages, and less significant influence on caused damage, because of a high influence of weather conditions and occurring beneficial entomofauna.
EN
The aim of the studies was to determine the level of damage to registered cultivars of winter oilseed rape caused by pests. The following oilseed rape pests were taken into consideration: turnip ceutorrynchus (Ceutorhynchus napi Gyll.), cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynchus quadridens Panz.) and pollen beetle (Melighetes aeneus F.). The studies were carried out in 2007–2009 on 53 registered cultivars of winter oilseed rape in Poland, including 20 restored hybrids, 2 composite hybrids and 31 open-pollinated hybrids. Field experiments were located in two Plant Breeding Stations: Borowo and Małyszyn, and Experimental Field Station of Research Centre for Cultivar Testing – Rarwino. In Poland, the damage to oilseed rape plants caused by stem pests (turnip ceutorrhynchus and cabbage stem weevil) increases. Stem pest cause most losses, especially, in the south-western part of Poland. The factors favourable for these pests’ development are agrotechnical simplifications and warm springs. Last years pollen beetle was considered as a less harmful pest causing lower losses in some regions of Poland. Damage to oilseed rape cultivars caused by stem pests and pollen beetle depends on agroclimatic conditions and diversified varietal factors. The results of performed studies did not show any significant differences in the level of damage to winter oilseed rape cultivars caused by pests.
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