The article is devoted to presenting connections between interaction of investigation procedures and disciplinary proceedings as two stages of proceedings in student’s disciplinary cases. Considerations included in this article are subordinated to assumption, according to which the actual shape of the interaction mentioned above is determined by the way in which the issue of the scope of the interaction of investigation procedures is resolved as well as the impact of the actions taken in these proceedings on the examination of the case in disciplinary proceedings. The analysis of the first of the issues mentioned above gives ground for statement that regulation included in the Act on Higher Education and Science (according to which – returning the petition for punishment in order to complementing the investigation procedures) leads directly to increasing the burden of proof of the investigation procedures in terms of substantive examination of the student’s disciplinary case. The legal solution indicated above determines the wide scope of consolidation of evidences for the Disciplinary Board during the investigation procedures; in fact subject to disproportionate expansion and prepares a disciplinary case for resolution by this committee. This assessment is supported by regulating the impact of the evidence that was perpetuated in investigation procedures on the examination and adjudication of the case in disciplinary proceedings. It resulting in a wide-ranging possibility of using this evidence as a basis for a judgment on disciplinary liability.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie whistleblowingu jako jednego z obszarów postępującej konwergencji regulacyjnej między instytucjami finansowymi i przedsiębiorstwami spoza sektora finansowego oraz identyfikacja wyzwań pojawiających się na tle dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2019/1937 z dnia 23 października 2019 r. w sprawie ochrony osób zgłaszających przypadki naruszenia prawa Unii. W tekście podjęto próbę rozwiązania niektórych z trudności, w szczególności w odniesieniu do zgłoszeń nieprawidłowości dokonywanych w złej wierze. Rozważaniom tym towarzyszą bardziej ogólne uwagi dotyczące compliance, oparte o „cykl życia normy prawnej”.
EN
The purpose of this research is to present whistleblowing as one of areas of increasing regulatory convergence between financial institutions and undertakings outside the financial sector and to identify the challenges against a backdrop of Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law. Solutions to some of those difficulties are sought in this paper, in particular with regard to handling the reports of irregularities made in bad faith. More general observations on compliance based on a “legal norm life cycle” approach complement those considerations.
4
Dostęp do pełnego tekstu na zewnętrznej witrynie WWW