Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Analysis of the process of falling asleep – literature review

100%

Bilińska M. , Laskus A. , Maciejewski C. , Kiziak M. , Śmietanowski M.

Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny

|

2016

|

tom 5(4)

11-15

EN

Involuntary falling asleep at the wheel is the cause of many road accidents and is an important social problem. For this reason, it seems important to explore the physiological processes associated with human falling asleep. Particularly interesting are those physiological parameters, which changes accompany the transition from the state of full consciousness to sleep. Monitoring them could be used eg. in determining the level of driver drowsiness and therefore assesment of the risk of falling asleep at the wheel. In this article we present a summary of knowledge on changes in selected physiological parameters that occur on the border of allertness/ sleep and deep sleep. Significant changes are particularly evident in the incidence of brain waves in the EEG. In addition, decrease in the activity of the autonomic nervous system leads to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. Also respiratory rate decreases and tidal volume increases. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) shows decrease in the amplitude of the power spectral density function in the low frequency range. Also transition of eye movement from saccade to slow wave occurs during sleep which correlates with EEG changes. In addition, eyelids vibration disappear. Electromiography (EMG) shows gradual muscle tension fall. Warming in distal parts of limbs is also observed when falling asleep. All these parameters tend to be useful for evaluating the fatigue of the driver. In this article, we also try to determine which of them are suitable for drivers drowsiness monitoring

2

Obstructive sleep disordered breathing in children – an important problem in the light of current European guidelines

80%

Krzeski A. , Burghard M.

Otolaryngologia Polska

|

2018

|

tom 72(5)

9-16

EN

Obstructive sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common clinical problem. An unrecognized and untreated SDB is a serious threat for an intensively developing organism of a child. The consequences of SDB include cardiovascular and neurological complications, growth disorders and enuresis. Therefore, SDB in children becomes an important subject of many scientific investigations, publications and congresses. In 2015 the European Respiratory Society Task Force published a document concerning the conclusions about the diagnostics and treatment of SDB in children and youth from 2 to 18 years of age (Fig. 1). The scientific data from 362 publications were presented in a condensed form of “seven steps”, very useful in diagnosing and treatment planning (1). The authors underline the limited number of the reliable evidence about SDB: prospective studies, randomized double-blinded studies with placebo. The presented evidence was categorized depending on their quality according to the classification of the American Academy of Neurology (ANN) into classes I – IV. Previously, in 2012, the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children with tonsillar hypertrophy and/or obesity were published (2, 3) and they were a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic compendium. The European guidelines discussed in this article result from the progress of knowledge in the recent years, they cover the subject broadly, consider rare and difficult cases and present the spectrum of potential therapeutic actions. The aim of the guidelines is a better recognition of SDB, a systematization of diagnosis and treatment at every stage of medical care, including the causes of this disorder and its complications.

3

Sleep evaluation in the symptomatic episode of recurrent hypersomnia

80%

Feketeová E. , Tormašiová M.

Open Medicine

|

2007

|

tom 2

|

nr 3

346-350

EN

Recurrent hypersomnia (RH) is a rare disorder characterized by episodes of hypersomnia, variously accompanied by behavioural and cognitive disturbances, compulsive eating behaviour and hypersexuality. Electrophysiologic evaluation of the sleep during symptomatic and asymptomatic periods of RH distinguishes RH from other primary sleep or mental disorders. Unique polysomnographic findings during the hypersomniac attack lasting 96 hours in a 16-year-old boy affected with primary RH are presented in this paper.

4

Obstructive sleep disordered breathing in children – an important problem in the light of current European guidelines

80%

Krzeski A. , Burghard M.

Polish Journal of Otolaryngology

|

2018

|

tom 72

|

nr 5

9-16

EN

Obstructive sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common clinical problem. An unrecognized and untreated SDB is a serious threat for an intensively developing organism of a child. The consequences of SDB include cardiovascular and neurological complications, growth disorders and enuresis. Therefore, SDB in children becomes an important subject of many scientific investigations, publications and congresses. In 2015 the European Respiratory Society Task Force published a document concerning the conclusions about the diagnostics and treatment of SDB in children and youth from 2 to 18 years of age (Fig. 1). The scientific data from 362 publications were presented in a condensed form of “seven steps”, very useful in diagnosing and treatment planning (1). The authors underline the limited number of the reliable evidence about SDB: prospective studies, randomized double-blinded studies with placebo. The presented evidence was categorized depending on their quality according to the classification of the American Academy of Neurology (ANN) into classes I – IV. Previously, in 2012, the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children with tonsillar hypertrophy and/or obesity were published (2, 3) and they were a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic compendium. The European guidelines discussed in this article result from the progress of knowledge in the recent years, they cover the subject broadly, consider rare and difficult cases and present the spectrum of potential therapeutic actions. The aim of the guidelines is a better recognition of SDB, a systematization of diagnosis and treatment at every stage of medical care, including the causes of this disorder and its complications.

5

Analysis of EEG activity during sleep - brain hemisphere symmetry of two classes of sleep spindles

70%

Smolen M.

Polish Journal of Medical Physics And Engineering

|

2009

|

tom 15

|

nr 2

65-75

EN

This paper presents automatic analysis of some selected human electroencephalographic patterns during deep sleep using the Matching Pursuit (MP) algorithm.The periodicity of deep sleep EEG patterns was observed by calculating autocorrelation functions of their percentage contributions. The study confirmed the increasing trend of amplitude-weighted average frequency of sleep spindles from frontal to posterior derivations. The dominant frequencies from the left and the right brain hemisphere were strongly correlated.

6

Zespół obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego u dzieci

60%

Włodarska A. , Doboszyńska A.

Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna

|

2016

|

tom 12

|

nr 3

242-248

EN

Sleep-related breathing disorders in children are a clinical problem which is more and more often diagnosed by doctors nowadays. They can be the basis for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome that causes a number of complications: lowering the quality of life, behavioural problems, complications involving cardiovascular system. The incidence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in the paediatric population is estimated to be at the level of 2%. The symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome can be divided into daytime and night ones. Night symptoms in children include: snoring, apnoea, breathing with open mouth (both during the day and at night), dry tongue and mouth during sleep, agitated sleep in unnatural positions. Among daytime symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome there are: irritability, aggressiveness, hyperactivity, attention deficit disorder, delayed development and growth pattern (mainly failure to thrive), learning problems, morning headaches. Parents often do not connect the night and daytime symptoms with the possible development of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in their children. The main predisposing factor of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Effective and in most cases preferred treatment for the management of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children is adenotonsillectomy. Polysomnography and polygraphy are diagnostic tools helpful in the study of sleep-related disorders. The objective of this study was to systematise the knowledge on the epidemiology, aetiology, clinical image and prevention of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children.

PL

Zaburzenia oddychania podczas snu u dzieci są problemem coraz częściej diagnozowanym przez lekarzy. Mogą one być podstawą do rozpoznania zespołu obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego, który powoduje szereg powikłań: obniżenie jakości życia, problemy behawioralne, zaburzenia ze strony układu sercowo-naczyniowego. Częstość jego występowania w populacji dzieci ocenia się na 2%. Objawy kliniczne zespołu można podzielić na dzienne i nocne. Do nocnych objawów u dzieci należą: chrapanie, bezdechy, oddychanie przez otwarte usta (zarówno w dzień, jak i w nocy), wysychanie języka i ust oraz częste zmiany pozycji w czasie snu. Objawy dzienne to: drażliwość, agresja, nadpobudliwość ruchowa, zaburzenia koncentracji i uwagi, opóźnienie rozwoju fizycznego (niedobór masy ciała, w mniejszym stopniu wzrostu) i psychoruchowego, trudności w nauce, poranne bóle głowy. Rodzice często nie łączą objawów nocnych i dziennych z możliwym rozwojem zespołu obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego u ich dzieci. Głównym powodem jego wystąpienia w tej grupie jest przerost migdałków i tkanki chłonnej w gardle. Skuteczną i w większości przypadków jedyną wymaganą metodę leczenia stanowi adenotonsillektomia. Polisomnografia i poligrafia to pomocne narzędzia diagnostyczne w badaniu zaburzeń snu. Celem niniejszej pracy było usystematyzowanie wiadomości na temat epidemiologii, etiologii, obrazu klinicznego oraz profilaktyki zespołu obturacyjnego bezdechu sennego u dzieci.

7

Lung volumes, airflow limitations, and the level of arterial oxygen saturation during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea patients

51%

Brzecka A. , Piesiak P. , Kosacka M. , Jankowska R.

|

tom Vol. 26, no. 2

39-51

EN

The aim of the study was to find out whether the level of arterial oxygen saturation (Sa02) during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients can be predicted on the basis of the static or dynamic lung volumes measurements or respiratory resistance measurements performed during wakefulness in the sitting and supine positions. Nineteen OSA patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the high and low Sa02 during sleep apneas (85:3% vs 78:9%). In the patients with the high Sa02 there was a bigger vital capacity (both in the sitting and supine positions), a lower residual volume/ total lung capacity ratio in the supine position and a smaller decrease of the expiratory reserve volume on adopting the supine posture, a higher mid-expiratory-flow, both in the sitting and supine positions, and a higher peak-expiratory-flow in the supine position as compared with patients with the low Sa02 during sleep apneas. The respiratory resistance and forced-expiratory-volume 1sec/vital capacity ratio were similar in both groups. Conclusion: the measurements of the lung volumes and capacities in the both the sitting and supine position allow predicting the level of the arterial oxygen desaturation during the episodes of sleep apnea in the OSA patients. Small-airways disease (that can be detected in the sitting and especially, in the supine position) leads to a more severe arterial oxygen desaturation during sleep in the OSA patients. The respiratory resistance does not influence the arterial oxygen desaturation in the OSA patients.