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Ultrasonic treatment of aerosol jet printed traces

100%

Korzeniowski M. , Winnicki M. , Swiadkowski B. , Łapa W.

Materials Science Poland

2024

tom Vol. 42, No. 3

111--127

Aerosol jet printing (AJP) is a contactless direct-write approach aimed at the production of fine features on a wide range of substrates. The technology has been explored for a variety of applications, including active and passive electronic components, actuators, sensors, and a variety of selective chemical and biological responses. However, the quality of conductive traces printed with nanoparticle inks using AJP can be affected by several factors, including carrier and sheath gas flow rate, ink properties, and substrate material properties. A typical defect present in the prints, such as non-uniform metal particle distribution, solvent local concentration, porosity, delamination, and bubbles, can be reduced by additional ultrasonic post-printing treatment. Therefore, the article investigates the influence of the self-designed sonotrode tool on the quality of conductive traces printed with nanoparticle inks using AJP. An ultrasonic head was fixed in a tandem position behind a printing nozzle at a distance equal to the node of ultrasonic waves. In this article, it was found that ultrasound has a positive effect on the quality of printed traces by improving degassing with simultaneous uniform particle distribution. As a result, the surface open porosity obtained for printed and ultrasonically treated traces was decreased almost seven times from 17.2 to 2.7%, respectively. An improved surface and structural morphology increased electrical resistivity in the prints from 6.85 to 4.57 µΩ cm. The analysis included quantifying the macroscale geometry, electrical properties, and micromorphological characteristics of the traces. The results of this article suggest that the application of ultrasonic-assisted aerosol jet printing with a proper tool improves the quality of AJP prints.

Uszczelnienia z folii polimerowych w polskim budownictwie hydrotechnicznym

86%

Ambrożewski Z.

Gospodarka Wodna

2004

tom Nr 12

510-517

W artykule przedstawiono polskie obiekty budownictwa wodnego, na których - od wczesnych lat siedemdziesiątych do obecnych czasów - zastosowano uszczelnienia z folii polimerowych. Opisano zrealizowane wielkoobszarowe uszczelnienia stref przed zaporami ziemnymi (Sulejów, Jeziorsko, Chańcza), uszczelnienie korpusu zapory ziemnej (Poraj), uszczelnienia wałów przeciwpowodziowych na górnej i środkowej Wiśle {w dawnych województwach tarnowskim i rzeszowskim) oraz górnej Odrze (województwo lubuskie). Przedstawiono zalety i wady zastosowanych uszczelnień oraz przeprowadzono analizę zastosowanych rozwiązań z uwypukleniem popełnionych błędów.

In the paper there are presented hydrotechnical objects which since the early seventies untill now have been sealed by means of polymer foils. There are described the carried out large-space seals of zones adjacent to the earth dams (Sulejów, Jeziorsko, Chańcza), seals of the body of the earth dam (Poraj), seals of river flood embankments on the upper and middle Vistula (in the former Tarnów and Rzeszów provinces) and on the upper Oder (Lubuskie province). There have been also presented the advantages and shortcomings of the applied seals and has been made an analyses of the applied solutions with special regard to the errors made at their accomplishment. Besides of it there has been discussed the methods of conducting the necessary tests of soil and foil (on result of which depends the kind of solution to be applied), have been presented the basic principles of designing the seals, principles of technology of their realization and requirements concerning exploitation of buildings provided with the chosen kind of seal.