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4 Logic and Logical Philosophy

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The Notion of the Diameter of Mereological Ball in Tarski's Geometry of Solids

100%

Sitek G.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

2017

tom 26

nr 4

531–562

In the paper "Full development of Tarski's geometry of solids" Gruszczyński and Pietruszczak have obtained the full development of Tarski’s geometry of solids that was sketched in [14, 15]. In this paper 1 we introduce in Tarski’s theory the notion of congruence of mereological balls and then the notion of diameter of mereological ball. We prove many facts about these new concepts, e.g., we give a characterization of mereological balls in terms of its center and diameter and we prove that the set of all diameters together with the relation of inequality of diameters is the dense linearly ordered set without the least and the greatest element.

Mereological foundations of point-free geometry via multi-valued logic

86%

Coppola C. , Gerla G.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

2015

tom 24

nr 4 Mereology and Beyond

535-553

We suggest possible approaches to point-free geometry based on multi-valued logic. The idea is to assume as primitives the notion of a region together with suitable vague predicates whose meaning is geometrical in nature, e.g. ‘close’, ‘small’, ‘contained’. Accordingly, some first-order multi-valued theories are proposed. We show that, given a multi-valued model of one of these theories, by a suitable definition of point and distance we can construct a metrical space in a natural way. Taking into account that interesting metrical approaches to geometry exist, this looks to be promising for a point-free foundation of the notion of space. We hope also that this way to face point-free geometry provides a tool to illustrate the passage from a naïve and ‘qualitative’ approach to geometry to the ‘quantitative’ approach of advanced science.

Regions-based two dimensional continua: The Euclidean case

86%

Hellman G. , Shapiro S.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

2015

tom 24

nr 4 Mereology and Beyond

499-534

We extend the work presented in [7, 8] to a regions-based, two-dimensional, Euclidean theory. The goal is to recover the classical continuum on a point-free basis. We first derive the Archimedean property for a class of readily postulated orientations of certain special regions, “generalized quadrilaterals” (intended as parallelograms), by which we cover the entire space. Then we generalize this to arbitrary orientations, and then establishing an isomorphism between the space and the usual point-based R × R. As in the one-dimensional case, this is done on the basis of axioms which contain no explicit “extremal clause” (to the effect that “these are the only ways of generating regions”), and we have no axiom of induction other than ordinary numerical (mathematical) induction. Finally, having explicitly defined ‘point’ and ‘line’, we will derive the characteristic Parallel’s Postulate (Playfair axiom) from regions-based axioms, and point the way toward deriving key Euclidean metrical properties.

Special Issue on point-free geometry and topology. An introduction

72%

Coppola C. , Gerla G.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

2013

tom 22

nr 2

139-143

In the first section we briefly describe the methodological assumptions of point-free geometry and topology. We also outline the history of geometrical theories based on the notion of a region. The second section is devoted to a concise presentation of the content of the LLP special issue on point-free theories of space.