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2019
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tom Vol. 99, nr 3
209--217
EN
Analysis of the current status of power plants and finding solutions to increase their efficiency is essential because of longterm rising fuel prices, environmental concerns and an ever-increasing demand for energy in the world. A basic approach to maintaining the existing units is to increase energy efficiency by using these units in the cogeneration cycle, based on technical and economic considerations. In this paper, the technical and economic evaluation of a gas power plant in central Iran is used with reference to a combined electricity and freshwater generation system on Iran’s southern shores. Results show that the two gas turbines, a heat recovery boiler, condensing steam turbine and reverse osmosis unit at Chabahar is the most attractive scenario, because it has the highest net present value, internal rate of return, the quickest payback period and the lowest price in the studied scenarios.
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nr 67
153-202
PL
The goal of the article is to substantiate that despite the criticism the paradigm in economics will not change because of the axiomatic assumptions of value-free economics. How these assumptions work is demonstrated on the example of Gary Becker’s economic approach which is analyzed from the perspective of scientific research programme (Lakatos). The author indicates hard core of economic approach (maximization of utility, instrumental rationality) and the protective belt which makes hard core immune from any criticism. This immunity leads economists to believe that they are objective scientists and, consequently, it results in epistemological hubris. Due to its tautological nature (and other problems), economic approach is considered to be a degenerative programme. This conclusion is extended on value-free economics. In spite of these problems, many economists still believe in positive economics and they dismiss normative approaches. It has a negative influence on people (well-being, choices over time). The conclusion of the article is that thanks to axiomatic assumptions economists do not have objective and ironclad methodology and they should accept normative values in their research.
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