Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Sreberko czyli platinum.

100%

Młodożeniec W. M.

|

1998

|

tom R. 43, nr 4

183-184

PL

Podano krótko interesujące dane o metalu szlachetnym - platynie.

EN

There are presented, in short, interesting data of the noble metal platinum.

2

Studies on platinum recovery from solutions after leaching of spent catalysts by solvent extraction

100%

Pośpiech B.

|

2012

|

tom Vol. 48, iss. 1

239-246

EN

The results of studies on the separation of platinum(IV) ions by solvent extraction from aqueous solutions after leaching of spent catalysts have been reviewed. The following processes have been discussed: acid leaching of spent catalysts and solvent extraction of platinum(IV) ions by using organophosphorous acids, amines and oximes as the extractants. In hydrometallurgical leaching of spent automobile catalysts many reagents such as aqua regia solutions, aluminum chloride solutions with low concentrations of nitric acid as an oxidant, and sodium cyanide solutions were tested. After leaching, the metal ions in leach solutions have to be separated and purified by solvent extraction. Typical leach liquor contains economically valuable metal ions such as platinum(IV), palladium(II), rhodium(III) nickel(II) and manganese(II). The influence of several factors on the efficiency and selectivity of platinum(IV) ions extraction from leach solutions was shown. The optimum conditions of these processes were also reported on the ground of literature survey.

3

Polyaniline Supported Pd and Pt Catalysts. Role of Metal in Hydrogenation of 2-Butyne-1,4-diol

100%

Drelinkiewicz A. , Zięba A. , Król A. , Sobczak J. W. , Grzywa M.

|

2008

|

tom Vol. 82, nr 9

1717-1717

EN

Polyaniline (PANI), an electroactive polymer having amine (-NH-) and imine (-N=) groups in structure is used as the support for platinum and palladium catalysts. They are prepared, characterized by number of techniques (FTIR, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM) and tested in the hydrogenation of alkyne, 2-butyne-1,4-diol (B3-D), reaction of industrial importance. Catalysts are prepared using aqueous solutions of PdCl2 and H2PtCl6 of pH = 2-3. In these conditions redox mechanism is involved resulting in partial reduction of Pd2+ to Pd0 and Pt4+ to Pt2+. In the as-prepared 2%Pd/PANI and additionally reduced 2%Pt/PANI catalysts the particles of Pd, Pt metal of size in nano-scale are formed. Performance of Pt and Pd-doped PANI in the hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol (B3-D) strongly varies. In particular they differinability for selective hydrogenation of unsaturated C Identical to C bond in B3-D to 2-butene-1,4-diol. Catalytic performance of 2%Pt/PANI is found to be similar to that observed for typical, in organic carrier supported platinum catalysts. 2%Pd/PANI catalyst of fers much higher activity and almost se lectively reduces C Identical to C bond in B3-D to C Identical to C in B2-D. This advantageous performance of Pd/PANI catalyst can be related to an influence of electroactive matrix on properties of palladium centres.

4

Crystallographic and structural characterization of heterometalic platinum complexes Part X. Heteropolynuclear pt complexes

88%

Melník M. , Mikuš P. , Holloway C. E.

Open Chemistry

|

2015

|

tom 13

|

nr 1

EN

This review covers heteropolynuclear platinum complexes. There are over sixty examples with heterometal atoms as partners including non- transition metals, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Tl, Sn, Pb, Zn, Cd, and transition metals: Cu, Ag, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh and Pd. In addition, there are examples for the lanthanides, Eu and Yb. The most common are Ag (x16) and K (x14). The predominant geometries for Pt(II) is square-planar and for Pt(IV) is octahedral. The overall structures are complex. In spite of the wide variety of heterometal atoms partners of platinum, there is “real” Pt-M bonds only with silver, ranging from 2.678 to 2.943(I) Å (ave 2.855 Å). The mean Pt-Pt bond distance is 2.869 Å.

5

Crystallographic and structural characterization of heterometallic platinum compounds Part VII. Heterohepta- and heterooctanuclear clusters

88%

Melnik M. , Mikuš P. , Holloway C. E.

Open Chemistry

|

2015

|

tom 13

|

nr 1

EN

This review classifies and analyzes over fifty heterohepta- and heterooctanuclear platinum clusters. There are eight types of metal combinations in heteroheptanuclear: Pt6M, Pt5M2, Pt4M3, Pt3M4, Pt2M5, PtM6, Pt3Hg2Ru2 and Pt2Os3Fe2. The seven metal atoms are in a wide variety of arrangements, with the most common being one in which the central M atom (mostly M(I)) is sandwiched by two M3 triangles. Another arrangement often found is an octahedron of M6 atoms asymmetrically capped by an M atom. The shortest Pt-M bond distances (non-transition and transition) are 2.326(1) Å (M = Ga) and 2.537(6) Å (M = Fe). The shortest Pt-Pt bond distance is 2.576(2) Å. In heterooctanuclear platinum clusters there are eight types of metal combinations: Pt6M2, Pt4M4, Pt3Ru5, Pt2M6, PtM7, Pt2W4Ni2, PtAu6Hg and PtAu5Hg2. From a structural point of view, the clusters are complex with bicapped octahedrons of eight metal atoms prevailing. The shortest Pt-M bond distances (non-transition and transition) are 2.651(3) Å (M = Hg) and 2.624(1) Å (M = Os). The shortest Pt-Pt bond distance is 2.622(1) Å. These values are somewhat longer than those in the heteroheptanuclear clusters. Several relationships between the structural parameters were found, and are discussed and compared with the smaller heterometallic platinum clusters

6

Crystallographic and structural characterization of heterometallic platinum clusters. Part IX. Heterooligonuclear Pt clusters

88%

Melník M. , Mikuš P. , Holloway C. E.

Open Chemistry

|

2015

|

tom 13

|

nr 1

EN

This review classifies and analyzes over thirty heterooligonuclear platinum clusters with a wide variety of metal frameworks, from twelve to forty-four. There are thirteen heterometals (Ge, Sn, Hg, W, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au) which are the partners of platinum. The clusters mostly crystallize in monoclinic (36,4%) and triclinic (30,3%) crystal classes. Their structures are complex, with platinum most commonly preferring interstitial sites, such as the centroids of icosahedrons. There are examples of distortion isomerism. The most common ligands are CO and PPh3, and it is interesting that the mean Pt-CO and M-CO bond distances are identical at 1.84 Å. In contrast, the mean Pt-μCO and M-μCO are of values of 2.02 and 1.97 Å, respectively, while the Pt-PPh3 and M-PPh3 bond distances are 2.30 and 2.28 Å, respectively. The shortest Pt-Pt, Pt-M (non-transition) and Pt-M (transition) bond distances are 2.559(2) Å, 2.412(2) Å (M = Ge) and 2.510(2) Å (M = Ni).

7

Crystallographic and structural characterization of heterometallic platinum clusters Part VIII. Heteronona- and heterodecanuclear clusters

88%

Melník M. , Mikuš P. , Holloway C. E.

Open Chemistry

|

2015

|

tom 13

|

nr 1

EN

This review classifies and analyses fifty heteronona- and heterodecanuclear Pt clusters of metal composition: Pt4Ru5, Pt3Ru6, Pt20sr PtRh8, PtAu8; Pt6M4, Pt5M5, Pt4M6, Pt3M2, Pt2M8, PtM9, Pt3Ru6M and PtAu8M. There are nine different heterometals: M = Ru, Au, Ag, Cu, Hg, Os, Rh, Ir and Fe, of which Ru and Au are the most frequent. The clusters crystallize mostly into two crystal classes, monoclinic (74%) and triclinic (18%), and their structures are complex. Three triangular layers of nine metal atoms arranged in the form of a face-shared bioctahedron are common in the series of heterononanuclear clusters. In the series of heterodecanuclear clusters distorted skeletal icosahedrons, where a central platinum atom is surrounded by nine metal atoms, and face (edge) shared (fused) bioctahedral cluster of the metal atoms are the most common. The most frequent ligands are CO and PPh3. The shortest metal-metal bond distances are: 2.540(4) Å (Pt-Fe), 2.580(2) Å (Ru-Ru), 2.584 Å (Pt-Pt) and 2.629(4) Å (Cu-Au). Several relationships between the structural parameters were found and are discussed. Some clusters contain two crystallographically independent molecules within the same crystal and are examples of distortion isomerism.

8

Szlachetne skażenie

75%

Jerzak B.

|

1999

|

tom R. 4, nr 1

9-9

9

Platyna a zdrowie człowieka. Pierwiastek szkodliwy czy pomocny?

75%

Kaczmarczyk M. , Bulska E.

|

2007

|

tom nr 2

34-37

10

Fusion-fission time-scales and dynamics in the platinum region: A progress report

75%

Badimont C.

|

1998

|

tom Vol. 43, nr 3

253-256

EN

The reactions leading to nuclei at the region of Platinum have been studied in order to analyse the dynamics of fusion-fission and fussion-residuum formation processes. The mass and energy distributions of fragments have been obtained and the yields and energy spectra of neutrons have been measured as well.

PL

Analizowano reakcje prowadzące do jąder w obszarze platyny w celu zbadania dynamiki procesów typu: fusion-fission oraz formowania końcowego jądra złożonego. Wyznaczono rozkłady mas i energii fragmentów oraz wydajności emisji i widma energii neutronów.

11

Effect of diffusion on platinum coatings deposited on the surface of nickel based superalloy by the electroplating process

75%

Yavorska M. , Sieniawski J.

|

2010

|

tom Vol. 45, nr 1

56-60

EN

Purpose: In this paper the effect of diffusion on platinum coatings deposited on the surface of nickel based superalloy was evaluated. Design/methodology/approach: The platinum coatings with thickness of 3 mm and 7 mm were deposited by electroplating process on Inconel 713 LC Ni-base superalloy. The heat treatment of electroplating coatings at the temperature 1050 °C during 2h under argon atmosphere was performed. The microstructure investigations of the heat treated coatings were conducted by the use of optical microscope (Nikon Epiphot 300) and a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi S-3400N) equipped with an X-radiation detector EDS (VOYAGER of NORAN INSTRUMENTS). The phase composition was identified by X-ray (ARL X'TRAX) diffractometer. The surface roughness parameter - Ra was evaluated by Perthometer S2 MAHR equipment. Findings: The microstructure of platinum electroplating coating with thickness of 3 Μm after diffusion treatment consists of two phases: γ-Ni and (Al0.25Pt0.75)Ni3. The increase of platinum thickness from 3 Μm to 7 Μm does not influence the phase composition of heat treated coatings. Heat treatment of platinum electroplating coatings causes the increase of surface roughness parameter as a result of unequal mass flow of platinum and nickel. Research limitations/implications: The results will be used in the future investigations to explain the mechanism of reaction of platinum as a modifier in aluminide coatings. Practical implications: The platinum electroplating coatings after diffusion treatment and aluminizing process are widely used as coatings for turbine blades of aircraft engines. Originality/value: The paper includes the results of microstructure and surface roughness investigations of platinum electroplating coatings with 3 mm and 7 Μm thickness after diffusion treatment.

12

Osm - właściwości, otrzymywanie i zastosowanie

75%

Stolarski J. K.

|

2006

|

tom R. 51, nr 8

488-491

PL

Artykuł zawiera opis podstawowych właściwości osmu wraz z charakterystyką jego walorów użytkowych. Historia osmu liczy sobie 203 lata. Od tego czasu postęp zachodzących zmian w dziedzinie techniki, jak i technologii pozwolił znaleźć dla tego pierwiastka wiele ciekawych zastosowań, poczynając od spektakularnej daktyloskopii, a kończąc na częściach aparatury precyzyjnej. Podobnie jak wiele metali szlachetnych, osm występuje w różnych izotopach i związkach chemicznych. Dzięki temu istnieje możliwość poszerzenia zakresu jego wykorzystania.

EN

The article contains the description of the basic proprieties of osmium together with the profile of his usable values. The history of osmium counts 203 years. Beginning from the spectacular dactyloscopy the progress of setting changes in the field of the technique what of the technology let find for this element many of interesting uses, from this time, and finishing on the parts of the precise apparatus. Osmium steps out in various isotopes and chemical relationships similarly as many noble metals. The possibility of extension of the range his of utilization exists thanks to this.

13

Kinetic Studies of Pt(IV) Chloride Complex Ions Reduction Reaction Using Potassium Formate

75%

Wojnicki M. , Żabiński P. , Csapó E. , Wojnicki M. , Żabiński P. , Csapó E.

|

14

Metale z grupy platynowców a transport drogowy

63%

Dubiella-Jackowska A. , Polkowska Ż. , Namieśnik J.

|

2007

|

tom nr 4

11-14

15

Chemical adsorption of liquid organochlorine compounds as a method of purification of pyrolytic oil

63%

German K. , Pawlikowska E. , Kulesza K.

|

2011

|

tom T. 56, nr 1

67-69

EN

In this work, a new method of purification of pyrolytic oil from organochlorine compounds with silver or platinum adsorbents was proposed and tested. The experiments carried out at temperatures from 20 up to 200 °C have shown that chosen for studies organochlorine compounds were well adsorbed from the prepared solutions. Eminently respectable results were found for silver adsorbent. A high initial cost of such adsorbents mandates their regeneration. It has been shown that it is possible to clear the adsorbent surface with hydrogen at the temperature 300-350 °C. A residue on the surface (after several cycles of adsorption/regeneration) can be burned with air.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki wstępnych badań możliwości zastosowania metalicznego srebra oraz platyny (naniesionych na Al2O3) jako adsorbentów związków chloroorganicznych zanieczyszczających olej pirolityczny będący ciekłą mieszaniną węglowodorów (z przewagą węglowodorów alkiloaromatycznych). Eksperymenty wykonane w temp. 20-200 °C potwierdziły, że wybrane do badań związki chloru były dobrze adsorbowane z przygotowanych roztworów za pomocą srebra (tabela 1, rys. 1). Wykazano również, że zużyty adsorbent można zregenerować w temp. 300-350 °C za pomocą wodoru, a osad nawarstwiający się w trakcie wielokrotnego powtarzania cyklu adsorpcja/regeneracja adsorbentu można wypalić w tej samej temperaturze za pomocą powietrza (rys. 2).

16

Wybrane właściwości metali stopów metali szlachetnych w procesach katalitycznego utleniania amoniaku.

63%

Nikiel B.

|

2003

|

tom R. 48, nr 6

285-290

PL

Zestawiono wybrane dane literaturowe oraz omówiono podstawowe właściwości metali grupy platyny oraz złota Przedstawiono przykłady przemysłowych zastosowań platynowców w formie siatek katalitycznych i wychwytujących do procesu utleniania, amoniaku. Omówiono polskie rozwiązania w tym zakresie wraz z ich odmianami, będące wynikiem współpracy zespołów Mennicy Państwowej S.A., Instytutu Metali Nieżelaznych i Instytutu Nawozów Sztucznych.

EN

Selected literature data and basic properties of metals from the platinum and gold groups have been presented. Examples of industrial application of platinum metals in catalyst and catchment gauzes for sue processes of ammonia oxidation have been indicated. Polish solutions in this field, resulting from cooperation between the Polish State Mint, Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and the Institute of Fertilizers, have been presented.

17

Porównanie metod odzysku platyny ze zużytych katalizatorów samochodowych

63%

Fornalczyk A. , Saternus M.

|

2011

|

tom R. 56, nr 5

259-265

PL

Obecnie każdy samochód wprowadzany na rynek musi być wyposażony katalizator, gdzie metale szlachetne takie jak platyna, pallad i rod pełnią funkcje katalityczne. Czas życia katalizatorów samochodowych jest ograniczony, ważne jest zatem właściwe wykorzystanie, bądź zagospodarowanie takiego wycofanego z obiegu reaktora. Przerób 2 t zużytych katalizatorów pozwala uniknąć wydobycia 150 t rudy i całego szeregu etapów następczych, prowadzących do otrzymania czystego metalu. Zużyte katalizatory samochodowe stanowią zatem cenne źródło do odzysku platynowców. Aktualnie w świecie zużyte katalizatory przerabia się na drodze pirometalurgicznej lub hydrometalurgicznej, w technologiach tych mamy do czynienia z wieloma operacjami pośrednimi, zmierzającymi do wydzielenia czystego metalu. W artykule przedstawiono przegląd metod piro? i hydrometalurgicznych dostępnych na świecie. Zaprezentowano również wyniki doświadczeń rozpuszczania ceramicznego katalitycznego nośnika w wodzie królewskiej i porównano je z wynikami otrzymanymi podczas stapiania tegoż nośnika z metalem zbieraczem lub z parami metali. Badania te miały na celu zbadanie możliwości zastosowania tych metod w Polsce. Obecnie bowiem w Polsce przerób zużytych katalizatorów samochodowych praktycznie nie istnieje, co wynika z braku przedsiębiorstw zajmujących się recyklingiem, a także złą organizacją systemu skupu i demontażu złomowanych samochodów. Jednakże wiele prywatnych przedsiębiorców w kraju skupuje i eksportuje zużyte katalizatory. Ze względu na dość wysoką cenę platyny, wielu z nich zainteresowanych byłoby opracowaniem metody ich przerobu w kraju.

EN

The increase of Platinum Group Metals demand in automotive industry is connected with growing amount of cars. Nowadays all produced cars have to be equipped with the catalytic converters. The paper presents characteristics of catalytic converters used in cars and the review of available technologies during recycling process. The possibility of removing platinum from the used catalytic converters applying pyrometallurgical methods were also investigated. In the first test the catalytic converters carrier was crushed and located in the basket with copper. During the high temperature process the carrier was melted with copper As a result platinum was separated from the ceramic substrate. In the second test, magnesium vapours were blown through the whole carrier located in the pit furnace. Three methods of hydrometallurgical platinum recovery from catalytic converters were investigated. In the first test the crushed catalytic converter was treated with aqua regia. In the second test the mixture of acids HF, HCl and HNO3 was used as a solving agent. Analysis of platinum contents in the carrier before and after the process was done by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy. Obtained result were discussed.

18

Platyna i hafn - rozdzielanie na kationicie Dowex 500W-X8

63%

Mikołajczuk A. , Balcerzak M.

|

2009

|

tom nr 2

4-5

PL

Badania autorów artykułu wskazują na interesujące możliwości zwiększenia efektywności rozdzielenia platyny i hafnu na żywicach kationowych.

19

Methods of elimination of hafnium interference in the determination of platinum in environmental samples by ICP-MS technique

63%

Balcerzak M.

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 54, No. 2

135-149

EN

The widespread use of autocatalysts containing platinum as one of active components generates an ecological awareness on the introduction of the metal into the environment. The evaluation of the level of the metal emission and a risk to living organisms from catalyst technology requires the examination of a large variety of environmental samples for , the content of ultra-traces (pg g-1 and ng g-1) of platinum. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry is the most promising instrumental technique for the detection of low concentrations of the elements in complex matrices. The application of the technique to the detection of platinum in environmental materials is seriously hampered by hafnium which can occur in such samples. The ICP-MS signals of platinum isotopes are overlapped by the '•• signals of HfO+ ions generated under plasma conditions. Methods developed for the elimination of the effect of hafnium on the detection of platinum by ICP—MS technique are presented in the paper. Possibilities and limitations of mathematical correction; modifications in sample introduction techniques; the use of dynamic reaction cells, double-focusing sector field mass spectrometers and chemical separation procedures are discussed in detail.

PL

Katalizatory samochodowe zawierające platynę jako jeden z aktywnych składników stanowią źródło emisji metalu do środowiska naturalnego. Ocena stopnia emisji platyny i realnego zagrożenia dla organizmów żywych wymaga badań różnorodnych próbek środowiskowych na zawartość śladowych (pg g-1 i ng g-1) ilości metalu. Najlepsze możliwości oznaczania śladowych ilości pierwiastków w złożonych matrycach zapewnia technika 1CP-MS. r Zastosowanie techniki do oznaczania platyny w materiałach środowiskowych jest utrudnione z powodu interferencji hafnu w przypadku jego obecności w badanych próbkach. ICP—MS sygnały HfO+ powstającego w plazmie pokrywają sygnały izotopów platyny. W artykule są przedstawione metody usuwania wpływu hafnu na oznaczanie platyny. Szczegółowo sąomówione możliwości i ograniczenia matematycznej korekcji; metod wykorzystujących różne sposoby doprowadzania próbek do plazmy; zastosowania dynamicznych komór reakcyjnych, sektorowych analizatorów mas oraz chemicznego oddzielania platyny od hafnu.

20

Novel method for sensitive determination of Pd2+ and its selective extraction based on Pd2+ - calcein complex

63%

Sun X. , Ge S. , Li B.

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 54, No. 4

761-771

EN

A fluorescence quenching method for sensitive determination of Pd2+ based on complex formation between Pd2+ and calcein (Cal) was developed. The influence of surfactants and inorganic salts on the fluorescence intensity of Cal-Pd2+ complex was examined. It was found that the change in the fluorescence intensity of Cal before and after interaction with Pd2+ was linearly related to Pd2+ concentration in the range 0.0001-0.08 μg mL2+ with detection limit of 0.0001 &mu g mL-1. In the presence ofphosphate. Pd2+-Cal complex could be extracted from a liquid to solid phase using a liquid-solid extraction system comprising Tween 80 and brine, so that Pt4+ were left in brine. K2+HPO2KH2PO4 concentration ratio, pH, and concentrations of Cal and Tween 80 were adjusted to assure selective extraction. Practical applications of the method were demonstrated by successful extraction of Pd2from waste catalyst solution in the presence of high concentration of Pt(IV).

PL

Opracowano czułą metodę oznaczania Pd2+ opartąna tworzeniu kompleksu z kalceiną (Cal) i pomiarze tłumienia fluorescencji tego kompleksu. Badano wpływ związków powierzchniowo czynnych i soli nieorganicznych na natężenie fluorescencji kompleksu Cal-Pd2ł. Stwierdzono, że zmiana fluorescencji Cal zależy w sposób liniowy od stężenia Pd2+ w roztworze w zakresie stężeń palladu 0,0001-0,08 ugmL-1, 7. granicą detekcji 0,0001 μ g mL-1. W obecności fosforanów można było wyekstrahować kompleks Pd2+-Cal z fazy ciekłej do fazy stałej przy zastosowaniu układu ekstrakcyjnego ciecz-ciało stałe, zawierającego Tween 80 i solankę, tak że Pt(IV) pozostawała w solance. Selektywną ekstrację uzyskano przez odpowiednie dobranie stosunku 2HPO4KH2PO4, pH, oraz stężeń Cal i Tween 80. Praktyczne zastosowanie metody zademonstrowano poprzez skuteczne wyekstrahowanie Pd2 z roztworu odpadowego z produkcji katalizatorów w obecności dużych stężeń Pt(IV).