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EN
The article reveals the influence of the relationship of imaginative and conceptual thinking on the success of the process of solving creative problems and formation of the whole creative potential of junior pupils. The levels of relationship between the specified types of mental activity and their determining influence on the peculiarities of the creative process of children of primary school age were detected. Based on the described interrelations between the imaginative and conceptual thinking, the author distinguishes three levels of interaction of figurative and conceptual thinking of pupils of the primary school age: full, partial and weak. The levels reflect not only general intellectual level of development of the junior pupils, but also are the indicators of success in solving creative problems and manifestation of creative potential of junior schoolchildren.1. The full level of interaction is characterized by full actualization of the mental images and concepts, light and dynamic bilateral transitions between images and concepts.2. The level of partial interaction is determined by the ease of transitions from individual to general level, from the image to the concept within their genetic proximity, the inverse transitions, especially the translation of conceptual knowledge into imaginative generalization that is difficult and may be exercised only within a clear framework.3. The level of the weak interaction is characterized by the lack of return, and the difficulty of direct transitions between images and concepts. The theoretical analysis has shown that the strength, power and direction of the relationship between imaginative and conceptual thinking influence the decision of creative problems of the primary school age pupils. It is necessary to consider the marked peculiarities of the mental sphere of junior schoolchildren’s creative potential. Further study of this problem is seen in the terms of strengthening the links between imaginative and conceptual thinking in pupils of primary school age which will help expand and improve creative potential of the pupils.
2
89%
PL
Cel to pojęcie istotne z punktu widzenia adaptacji do aktualnej sytuacji, jak i skuteczności działania jednostki. Wielu badaczy zgadza się co do tego, że w odpowiednich warunkach trafnie sformułowany cel: wzmaga i pobudza do wysiłku, ukierunkowuje działania, decyduje o wytrwałości i sprzyja opracowaniu strategii realizacyjnych. Dodatkowo posiadanie celów nadaje życiu sens, a ich realizacja wpływa na jakość egzystencji. Umiejętność stawiania sobie celów na różne okresy życia decyduje więc o ludzkiej wyjątkowości i podmiotowości. W literaturze przedmiotu cel oraz jego wymiary charakteryzowane są różnorodnie. Pytanie, które pojawiło się w ramach przeprowadzonych analiz, dotyczy tego, jakie cele stawiają sobie ludzie młodzi i czym się one charakteryzują. Badania przeprowadzono wśród studentów Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. W badaniach wykorzystano kwestionariusz Z. Zaleskiego, który pozwala na wnioskowanie o ilościowych i jakościowych charakterystykach celów stawianych przez ludzi młodych. Uzyskane wyniki analizowano pod względem treści celów, a także ich wymiarów związanych z aspektem stawiania i realizacji celów. Rezultaty zostały zinterpretowane w kontekście psychologii ciągu życia, a także psychologii temporalnej i motywacji.
EN
An aim is a key and essential notion from the point of view of adapting oneself to present circumstances and effective functioning. Many scientists agree that in certain conditions and circumstances, a precisely defined aim may motivate a person to make an effort, may direct his actions, decide about psychological stamina and favour working out strategies. Moreover, having aims one gets the feeling that his life makes sense and the fulfillment of those aims has an influence on the quality of life. The skill of setting goals for various periods of life determines one's exceptionality and subjectivity. In the literature, an aim and its dimensions are characterized diversely. The question which appeared while carrying out the analyses was what aims young people set and what the aims are characterized by. The research was performed among students of the University of Szczecin. The research was based on the questionnaire of Z. Zaleski, which makes it possible to draw conclusions about quantitative and qualitative characteristics of aims set by young people. The results were analyzed from the point of view of the meaning of aims and their dimensions related to the aspect of aim setting and fulfillment. The results were interpreted in the context of psychology of life span, psychology of temporal life and psychology of motivation.
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2006
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tom R. 14, nr 1
151-160
PL
Przedstawiono potencjał techniczny wybranych gmin województwa podkarpackiego. Na podstawie analizy strategii i planów rozwoju gmin zobrazowano priorytetowe plany inwestycyjne samorządów w sferze infrastruktury technicznej. Wyodrębniono główne zdania realizacyjne, które podzielono na stopnie ważności. Stwierdzono, że niedobory w zakresie inwestycji infrastrukturalnych spowodowane są wysokimi nakładami finansowymi. W podsumowaniu wskazano na ważną rolę infrastruktury, od której zależy tempo procesów rozwojowych gmin.
EN
The technical potential of the selected districts in the Podkarpacie province has been shown in this article. Priority investments plans for local authorites have been depicted in the technical infrastructure sector on the basis of a strategy analysis and a district development plan. The main completion views, which have been divided into extents of importance, have been distinguished. It has been found that infrastructure investments deficits are caused by considerable financial outlays. In conclusion the significant role of infrastructure, the pace of the district development processes depends on, has been shown.
EN
The Ministry of Motorization or the Central Office for Motor Vehicles? – Polish motorization at a crossroads. Plans, opportunities, institutions (1944–1948) The end of World War II meant the beginning of a new chapter in nearly all areas of life. One of them was motorization which, as a result of the unfavourable policy of the authorities of the Second Polish Republic and the war damage inflicted by both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, in fact ceased to exist. In that situation, the years 1945–1949 were the period in history in which many concepts of its development originated. People connected with the prewar Polish Automobile Club became eagerly involved in this; after the end of World War II, they played an active role in the process of restoration of Polish motorization. During the five years mentioned, several institutions were founded whose objective was to develop a national plan for the development of motorization, which would take advantage of the potential of the automobile industry. Such documents were prepared by: the State Motor Vehicle Office, the Committee for National Motorization or the Motorization Sub-Committee. Nearly all the plans being discussed had one point in common – the establishment of an institution at the central level (perhaps a ministry), which would control all decisions connected with widely understood motorization. Before that, the competencies of individual offices had overlapped in many cases, resulting in disputes. Unfortunately, nearly all of these plans remained ‘on paper’ only, as they were not approved by decision-makers.
5
Content available remote Obsahová analýza marketingové komunikace krajské hygienické stanice
88%
EN
This work describes theory of marketing, communication and communication mix in connection with non-profit organizations. Regional Health Authorities were given as an example. These organizations are public authorities in the sphere of public health protection. It was founded in 2003 by the law. However Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic was set as an official founder. The practical part of the work analyzes forms of communication used by the Regional Public Health Authorities. They are written, verbal and electronic communication. I explored when these forms are used, why are used, frequency of their use and their results. The public authorities are limited by the law very much (logically). Communication is one of the spheres that can be modified by the management of the Regional hygiene station. I think that goodwill (which building is connected with communication) of administrative authority is very important part of its existence. A good strategy of communication with the public is on of the ways how to reach it.
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2009
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tom R. 13, nr 1
14-20
PL
Opierając się na kierunkach wyznaczonych przez Krajowy plan gospodarki odpadami określono cele gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi na szczeblu gminy. Było to podstawą opracowania planu gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi dla województwa śląskiego. W artykule przedstawiono cele krótko i długoterminowe tego planu.
EN
Municipal waste management goals were set up based on the policies defined in the National Waste Management Plan. This served as a foundation for developing a waste management plan for the Silesian Voievodeship. Short and long-term goals of this plan are presented in the article.
UK
Художня література і кіно перебувають у режимі постійних інтерактивних обмінів. На початковій стадії свого формування як виду мистецтва кінематограф не лише активно запозичував, використовував і обробляв популярні літературні сюжети, а й трансформував у свою виражальну систему (поетику) суто літературні виражально-зображальні засоби. Своєю чергою, художня література ще до появи кінематографу користувалася прийомами, які із сучасного погляду можуть кваліфікуватися як «кінематографічні». У процесі розвитку своєї мови (кінопоетики) мистецтво кіно не лише “відкривало”, трансформувало ці засоби, а й увиразнювало та вдосконалювало їх. У зв’язку з цим почався зворотний вплив – поетика кіно почала інтегруватися у виражально-зображальну систему мистецтва слова, й особливо активно – із 20-х років минулого століття. Цей процес слід розглядати в контексті синтезу мистецтв, інтенсифікація якого відбувалася на межі ХІХ–ХХ ст., коли стверджувалося, набувало нових виражальних форм мистецтво епохи модернізму. Задля глибшого вивчення елементів кінопоетики в літературних текстах необхідний ґрунтовний огляд основних складників кіномови – категорій “монтаж” та “кадр”, перші визначення яким дали кінорежисери (Л. Кулєшов, С. Ейзенштейн, В. Пудовкин, М. Ромм, А. Тарковський) та літературознавці (В. Шкловський, Ю. Тинянов, Ю. Лотман). Супровідними до них слід уважати кінематографічні засоби “план”, “ракурс” і “ритм”, розгляд яких включає також аналіз їх проявів у творах художньої літератури. Функціональність монтажу легше і точніше дослідити на даних історії його становлення та ставлення до нього. Тому ця розвідка присвячена початковим етапам розвитку кінематографу, зокрема його специфічних засобів, а також досягненням класиків кіно.
EN
Fiction and cinema are in the mode of constant interactive exchanges. At the initial stage of its formation as an art form, cinema not only actively borrowed, used and processed popular literary plots, but also transformed into its expressive system (poetics) purely literary means of expression. In its turn, fiction even before the advent of cinema used techniques that from a modern point of view can be classified as “cinematic”. In the process of developing its language (film poetics), the art of cinema not only “discovered”, transformed these means, but also expressed and improved them. As a result, the reverse effect arose and the poetics of cinema began to be integrated into the expressive and pictorial system of the art of speech, and especially actively from the 20s of last century. This process should be considered in the context of the synthesis of arts, the intensification of which took place at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when it was claimed that the art of the modern era acquired new forms of expression. In order to study the elements of film poetics in literary texts, it is necessary to thoroughly review the main components of film language, they are categories “editing” and “frame”, the first definitions of which were given by film directors (L. Kulieshov, S. Eizenshtein, V. Pudovkyn, M. Romm, A. Tarkovskyi). and literary critics (V. Shklovskyi, Yu. Tynianov, Yu. Lotman). Accompanying them should be considered cinematic means “plan”, “angle” and “rhythm”, the consideration of which includes the analysis of their manifestations in works of fiction. The functionality of the installation is easier and more accurate to explore the data of the history of its formation and attitude to it. Therefore, this exploration is devoted to the initial stages of development of cinema, in particular its specific means, as well as the achievements of the classics of cinema.
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2006
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tom R. 10, nr 4
199-205
PL
Programy ochrony środowiska należą do najważniejszych dokumentów gmin i powiatów umożliwiających realizację polityki ekologicznej państwa zgodnie z zasadą zrównoważonego rozwoju. Lokalne i regionalne programy ochrony środowiska, podobnie jak polityka ekologiczna państwa, powinny być sporządzane co 4 lata. W najbliższej przyszłości gminy i powiaty zobowiązane będą do ponownego wykonania takich dokumentów. Forma, struktura, poziom oraz procedury opracowania aktualnych programów budzą jednak wiele zastrzeżeń. W artykule przedstawiono uwagi i spostrzeżenia do opracowanych w województwie śląskim lokalnych "Programów ochrony środowiska", które mogą się przyczynić do ich usprawnienia. Autor, będący weryfikatorem ok. 30 opracowań takich programów przyznaje, że niektóre poruszone w artykule kwestie i problemy są dyskusyjne i powinny być przedmiotem dalszych rozważań i uściśleń.
EN
Environmental protection action plans belong to the most important documents of municipalities and counties enabling realization of the state ecological policy in line with the principle of sustainable development. Local and regional environmental protection action plans, similarly as the state ecological policy, should be developed every four years. Municipalities and counties will be obliged to produce new plans in the nearest future. However the form, structure, level and procedures for the development of such plans are subject to a number of questions. The article presents some comments and notices to the local environmental protection action plans developed in the Silesian Voievodeship which may contribute to their authorization. The author, who has reviewed about 30 such plans, states that some issues mentioned in the paper are subject to discussion and should be put for further consideration and specification.
XX
The problem of preservation and purposeful formation of children and young people’s health is exceptionally important and relevant in difficult modern conditions of development of Ukraine. In recent years there has been a significant deterioration in the health of schoolchildren in Ukraine. That is why, the issue of future teachers’ preparation to ensure valeological support requires special value. Thereby, it is necessary to search for new ways and methods which would help teachers to make such lessons in mathematics, whose main goal would be the preservation and strengthening of children’s health, formation of positive motivation for a healthy lifestyle. The article consideres the peculiarities of training future teachers of mathematics to ensure valeological support of studuing by project activities. The purpose of the article is to highlight the relevance of training future teachers of mathematics to ensure valeological support of studuing using project activities. The author reveals the main aspects of successful implementation of project technologies in the process of training future teachers of mathematics. The training of the future teachers of mathematics to the organization of project activities both during classroom work, in particular in studying the discipline “Methods of teaching mathematics”, and during extracurricular activities within the circle “Elements of valeology in the school course of mathematics” are examined. The article gives specific examples of project activities in providing valeological support. The author claims that as a result of this work, future teachers of mathematics must learn to coordinate project activities at the lessons of mathematics, to organize group and individual activity of students, to create and put into practice their own teaching plans at mathematics lessons. The results of the research obtained on the basis of literature analysis on this issue and regulations, pedagogical observation on the learning process of future teachers, confirm the relevance of training future teachers of mathematics to ensure valeological support of students learning mathematics. Practical importance of the research lies down in the development of methodological recommendations concerning training future teachers of mathematics to the solution of problems of preservation and strengthening of pupils’ physical and mental health at the lessons of mathematics and their practical application in the educational process. The article points out that the problem of training of the future teachers of mathematics to ensure valeological support of studying by involving them in project activities currently is found out insufficiently.
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2011
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tom R. 108, z. 1-A
115-123
PL
Autorka na podstawie Planu Zagospodarowania Przestrzennego Województwa Małopolskiego oraz raportu Ministerstwa Rozwoju Regionalnego analizuje obecną sytuację przestrzenną oraz porównuje dwa podejścia do zagadnień planowania przestrzennego dotyczących obszarów problemowych pod względem kryteriów ich delimitacji na przykładzie Małopolski. Porównując powyższe dokumenty, zwraca uwagę również na wielopłaszczyznowy sposób zapisu struktury przestrzennej. Zapis ten obrazuje przestrzeń powiązań w obszarach: społecznym, gospodarczym, przestrzennym oraz przyrodniczym, co może umożliwić precyzyjniejszy dobór działań niwelujących zdiagnozowane problemy. Wykazuje również konieczność stworzenia dodatkowych wskaźników diagnozujących problemy przestrzenne.
EN
Basing on the current law and report, titled "Identification and delimitation of problematic areas and strategic intervention in Poland", made by Ministry of Regional Development, author analyzes current space situation and compares two ways of solving space planning, concerning problematic areas using delimitation criteria in Malopolska Voivodship. By comparing these documents, author shows the trend of multi-faceted way of recording the spatial structure is noticeable. This record illustrates the links in the areas of: social, economic, spatial and natural heritage, which may allow more precise selection of actions reducing diagnosed problems. The study also shows the need to create additional indicators diagnosing the spatial problems.
11
Content available Programowanie i planowanie rozwoju Unii Europejskiej
54%
PL
W Unii Europejskiej zastosowanie miał zarówno proces planowania, jak i programowania. W ostatnich latach programowanie stało się podstawowym narzędziem konstruowania ładu rozwojowego państw członkowskich, szczególnie w ramach polityki strukturalnej. Poszczególne kraje, korzystające ze środków pomocowych wspólnoty, zobligowane są do uruchamiania programowania rozwoju opartego na standardach unijnych. Poszczególne rozwiązania organizacyjne, na poziomie kraju i danego okresu programowania, różnią się między sobą. Poprzez korzystanie z najlepszych efektów zastosowanych rozwiązań, w kolejnych latach dochodzi do ich ujednolicania. Programowanie Funduszy Strukturalnych zainicjowane zostało reformą przeprowadzoną w 1988 roku i odbywa się od tego czasu w sposób zintegrowany dla wszystkich funduszy oraz ma charakter wieloletni. W opracowaniu przedstawiono wymagania metodyczne stawiane przez KE wobec krajów członkowskich w dwóch kolejnych perspektywach finansowych na lata 2000-06 oraz 2007-13. Planowanie dotyczy szerszych zagadnień o charakterze horyzontalnym, obejmuje główne polityki UE tj. m.in. ochrony środowiska, konkurencyjności (zasad udzielania pomocy publicznej), równości płci, zatrudnienia, społeczeństwa informacyjnego, zamówień publicznych oraz gospodarki opartej na wiedzę. Z uwagi na powyższe w opracowaniu przedstawiono przegląd dokumentów planistycznych UE powstałych w ostatnich latach, a tworzących system planistyczny o charakterze horyzontalnym.
EN
In the European Union the process of both planning and programming has been applied. Within the past years programming has become the key instrument of drafting the development guidelines of the member states, notably within the structural policy. Individual countries, making use of the EU’s assistance funds are obliged to launch programming of regional development based on the Union’s standards. Particular organisational solutions concerning a country and a programming period are different from each other. However, by means of making use of the best possible results of the solutions applied, their realignment is achieved within the years. Programming Structural Funds was initiated by the reform enacted in 1998 and since then it has integrated all the funds and is of several years’ character. The research paper presents methodological requirements posed by the European Commission to member countries within two financial periods of 2000-06 and 2007-13. Planning concerns broader issues of horizontal nature, includes major policies of the EU, i.e. environmental protection, information society, public procurement and knowledge-based economy. Given the above the paper presents a review of the EU planning documents developed within recent years and constituting planning system of horizontal character.
EN
This article describes the management appraisal performance and development system in TP Group - its guidelines, the elements subject to appraisal, the process flow, and the supporting software tool. It also shows the links between this system and other HR processes. It presents benefits for employee, manager, and the organization flowing from the management appraisal performance and development system.
PL
Artykuł opisuje funkcjonujący w Grupie TP system kompleksowej oceny i rozwoju (SKOR) – jego założenia, elementy oceny, przebieg procesu i aplikację wpierającą ocenę. Przedstawia również powiązania pomiędzy tym systemem a innymi procesami HR. Prezentuje korzyści płynące ze SKOR dla pracownika, menedżera i organizacji.
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