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EN
The Taser (full name: Thomas A. Swift’s Electric Rifle) is an electric stun gun, manufactured by Taser International. Its operational range varies from 4.60 metres to 10.6 metres1 thanks to wire electrodes that remain connected to the main device. The electrodes penetrate the skin and soft tissues of the person who is the target for temporary immobilisation. The high voltage generated at low intensity causes severe pain and disruption of the nervous system, resulting in temporary total paralysis. The Taser is a device of direct coercion, whose use is permissible for widespread application in cases where conservative methods of controlling dangerous situations have been exhausted. The natural question that arises is the impact and influence of the electrically active electrodes fired on the surrounding tissues. The aim of the study was a histopathological evaluation and comparison of the effects of the cartridges from the Taser X2 and Taser X26 in terms of the local reaction on a portion of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of domestic pigs fresh from a slaughterhouse. Fragments of the tissue were subjected to histological treatment and analysed using an optical microscope. There were changes in the microscopic image indicating mechanical damage to the epidermis and subcutaneous layers of the dermis due to the use of the devices researched.
EN
Ascaris suum is the commonest parasitic infection of pigs, with deleterious effects that give rise to the greatest economic losses in the swine industry. Popular methods of treatment with anthelmintic drugs have proved largely ineffective in reducing the incidence of swine ascariasis. We propose the use of drug-abbreviated infections to immunize young pigs. Young animals receive drug in their feed when they are continuously exposed to the infective eggs normally occurring in their surroundings. After 3-6 weeks, pigs acquire resistance that is effective against subsequent exposures to infective eggs after the drug is withdrawn.
EN
The majority of anaesthetics used in studies regarding heart arrhythmias may affect the cardiac conduction system, thus influencing the results. In veterinary medicine, xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine are commonly used for premedication in laboratory and companion animals. To date, there have been no studies assessing the effect of these substances on the cardiac conduction system. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine on the parameters of the cardiac conduction system in pigs. The study was carried out on 18 Great White Polish male pigs weighing from 21 to 40 kg. The animals were divided into three equal groups. The animals from the first group received xylazine at a dose of 2 mg/kg i.v.; those from the second group received medetomidine at 40 mcg/kg i.v.; and those from the third group received dexmedetomidine at 10 mcg/kg i.v. The electrophysiological activity of the heart was analysed using an invasive electrophysiological study (EPS). During the EPS, a decrease in the heart rate after substance administration was observed in all animals, but there were no statistically significant differences in the cardiac conduction parameters. A pro-arrhythmic effect of xylazine was observed, but no statistically significant changes in the EPS parameters were noted. Our results indicate that medetomidine and dexmedetomidine may be used as standard premedication drugs in electrophysiological studies in pigs. Their use may facilitate animal preparation procedures without affecting study results.
14
Content available remote How the RNA isolation method can affect microRNA microarray results
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EN
The quality of RNA is crucial in gene expression experiments. RNA degradation interferes in the measurement of gene expression, and in this context, microRNA quantification can lead to an incorrect estimation. In the present study, two different RNA isolation methods were used to perform microRNA microarray analysis on porcine brain tissue. One method is a phenol-guanidine isothiocyanate-based procedure that permits isolation of total RNA. The second method, miRVana™ microRNA isolation, is column based and recovers the small RNA fraction alone. We found that microarray analyses give different results that depend on the RNA fraction used, in particular because some microRNAs appear very sensitive to the RNA isolation method. We conclude that precautions need to be taken when comparing microarray studies based on RNA isolated with different methods.
EN
Both the adrenergic and the cholinergic components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) have been found to be an important source of nerve fibres supplying the lungs. On the other hand, data regarding the innervation of the pulmonary tissue in breeding animals are surprisingly scarce. Therefore, in the present study noradrenergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive (AChE-positive) innervation of the lungs of sexually immature pigs was studied using histochemical methods. Studies were performed on six juvenile female pigs (aged 9 weeks, body weight 15–20 kg). Samples of the tissue were collected from the caudal lobe of the right lung. 10µm cryostat sections were processed for the sucrosepotassium phosphate-glyoxylic acid technique to determine the occurrence and distribution of noradrenergic nerve fibres, while AChE-positive nerves were detected according to the acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. The present results revealed a dense network of noradrenergic nerve fibres localised mainly in the muscular membrane surrounding the epithelium of the bronchuli while AChE- -positive nerve terminals supplied functional capillary vessels localised in the inter-alveolar septum and mucous membrane of the bronchi and bronchuli. The results of the present study confirm those of physiological experiments reporting the influence of the adrenergic and cholinergic components of the autonomic nervous system on the lung functions of pigs.
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