Fundamental methodological problems of geography as a science have been identified by Chojnicki (1999) in the following list: goal of research, separate character of research, expected results, and form of scientific explanation. This article presents methodological standpoints taken be landscape geographers towards the above problems, which proved to be as diverse as in the case of the human geography. The article highlights negative consequences of such state of affairs.
In the sixties, the development of the science theory has caused an appearance of new ideas in physical geography. These ideas were concerned with the system approach. In the year of 1963 V.B.Sochava introduced the term "geosystem", and in 1978 had published the monography "Introduction into doctrine of geosystems". The system paradigm had given possibility to revise the logic bases of the doctrine of landscape sphere, and to differentiate accurately the problems of physical geography and branch geographical disciplines. On the basis of combined use of doctrine of geosystems and primary postulates of landscape geochemistry, the employees of the Institute of geography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science have revealed many aspects of differentiation, integration and development of natural objects by means of studying of differentiation and migration of their material component.
The Błędów Desert is situated in the south of Poland. In this area, sand-gravel sediments predominate. The origin of the Błędów Desert is not associated with climatic conditions but with a strong development of excavation industry which started in the region in the Middle Ages. The surrounding forests became the main fuel source for the development of mining and metallurgical industry. Therefore, the area of the Błędów Desert was completely deforested. The paper presents reasons for the acceleration of biocenotical systems in the investigation area. For this purpose, transects representative for the following stages of plants successions: stage of encroachment plants, stage of sodding, stage of bushes (shrubs), stage of biogroup and stage of afforestation were made. Plant succession in the investigated transects developed in a multidirectional way. The ground for plants settling in the Błędów Desert represents fluvoiglacial, fluvial and aeolian sand with various grain sizes. Locally, in the old deflation fields, relict horizons of older podzolic and rust-coloured soil are the ground for the invading plants. The process of plant and soil succession takes place at the same time. Content of the available mineral elements in the initial horizons is different; it depends on the plant species in the places where these horizons developed.