Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

EVALUATION OF PAIN IN ATHLETES – SELECTED METHODS

100%

Leźnicka K.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2013

|

tom 3

|

nr 3

27-30

EN

It is generally believed that athletes experience pain in a different way than normally active individuals. Many scientists have confirmed the hypothesis that long-term physical activity can alter the perception of pain, i.e. athletes have a higher pain sensation and pain tolerance thresholds. The measurement of pain intensity is carried out using subjective methods based on verbal and non-verbal information, describing the clinical characteristics of pain. These psychological methods include the use of scales and questionnaires. Objective methods (thermal, mechanical and electrical) are used only to determine the pain sensation and pain tolerance thresholds. The specificity and prevalence of chronic pain syndromes have resulted in the increased number of studies on healthy and physically active individuals. It seems that determination of the effects of exercise on the perception of pain might help in the understanding of mechanisms of pain generation.

2

Sweat lead and copper concentrations during exercise training

100%

Tomasz Saran T. , Magdalena Zawadka M. , Stanisław Chmiel S. , Anna Mazur A.

|

2018

|

nr 1

14-19

EN

Introduction. Skin is the largest organ of the human body. It plays an important role in protection against harmful substances found in the surrounding environment and takes part in the elimination of heavy metals from the body by sweating. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in the concentration of lead and copper in the sweat collected on the first and the fourteenth day of endurance training. Materials and methods. The research included 43 patients undergoing a supervised, two-week endurance training on a cycle ergometer and cross-trainer. The lead and copper contents were presented in relation to the sodium content as an indicator of the amount of excreted sweat. Results. The lead concentration in relation to the sodium content in the samples of sweat taken with the use of swabs is statistically significantly higher on day 1 (Me = 1.64-E-4) than the 14th day (Me = 0.37-E-4) p = 0.027. In the sweat samples collected with a plaster, the lead concentration on day 14 of rehabilitation (Me = 0.08-E-4) is statistically significantly lower than before the beginning of the training cycle (Me = 1.19-E-4) p = 0.044. The concentration of copper in sweat samples collected with swabs and patches on day 1 of the rehabilitation cycle does not significantly differ from the content of samples collected on day 14. Conclusions. Endurance training with submaximal heart rate results in reduced excretion of lead in the sweat and does not significantly affect the level of copper. Further research into the impact of physical effort on the excretion of metals from the body can help explain the results13

3

Repeatability of Pressure Force During Elbow Flexion and Extension Before and After Exercise

100%

Zatoń M. , Błacha R. , Jastrzębska A. , Słonina K.

Human Movement

|

2009

|

tom 10

|

nr 2

137-143

EN

Purpose. In most circumstances it is possible to provide the precise estimation of force and weight by means of kinesthetic differentiation. In some conditions, like physical effort or fatigue, kinesthetic differentiation can become reduced. The kinesthetic differentiation capacity can be expressed as repeatability of muscular contraction force or movement. The present study investigates the direction of changes in kinesthetic differentiation of force applied by both arms during elbow flexion and extension before and after exercise. Basic procedures. The study sample consisted of 23 cyclists (mean ± SD) aged 18.1 ± 1.8 years, 17 rowers aged 18.1 ± 1.8 years, and a control group consisting of 32 subjects aged 21.3 ± 1.3 years. All subjects performed a progressive exercise test. Kinesthetic differentiation was measured as the repeatability of force applied during elbow flexion and extension. Main findings. The results obtained confirm that kinesthetic differentiation in both arms after exercise improved by means of elbow extension. Further research can contribute to the development of ways of control of adaptation changes in the central nervous system and the locomotor system on a general level, since the studies so far have described either local changes, e.g. EMG, or provided specific data related to typical patterns of activity in a given sport. Conclusions. The proposed method allows identification of effects of intense exercise on the kinesthetic differentiation capacity on a more general level.

4

SELECTED ASPECTS OF STATISTICAL ANALYSES IN SPORT WITH THE USE OF STATISTICA SOFTWARE

88%

Jascaniene N. , Nowak R. , Kostrzewa-Nowak D. , Kolbowicz M.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2013

|

tom 3

|

nr 3

3-11

EN

Statistical analysis is a crucial step in all experimental studies, including sport sciences, because inappropriate analysis can lead to erroneous assumptions of performed experiments. Statistical analyses of the training-related data are required to make the training process more efficient. The analyses of various parameters are performed in repeated cycles, requiring appropriate statistical tests. STATISTICA software (version 10) offers a Friedman test for non-parametric analyses of more than 2 groups of repeated measures (which often takes place). Unfortunately, there is no post hoc test to verify which groups decide of the statistical significance of the results. The solution to this problem may lie in the normalization of the data with one of the most popular logarithmic transformations. It allows performing multiple comparisons for the 1-way ANOVA with repeated measures, as well as appropriate post hoc test to precisely determine which group of data is responsible for the statistical significance of the differences.

5

The influence of regular clinic physical training on blood pressure in patients with ischemic heart disease

63%

Kielnar R. , Selwa E. , Domka-Jopek E. , Snela S.

Physiotherapy

|

2009

|

tom 17

|

nr 3

7-16

PL

Rehabilitacja kardiologiczna w dużym stopniu umożliwia pacjentom powrót do sprawności psychofizycznej spełniając w ten sposób jeden z jej głównych celów. Celem pracy jest ocena wpływu ambulatoryjnej, systematycznie prowadzonej rehabilitacji kardiologicznej na wartości ciśnienia tętniczego u pacjentów z chorobą niedokrwienną serca. Badaniem objęto 73 pacjentów (49 mężczyzn i 24 kobiety) po zawale mięśnia sercowego, operacjach kardiochirurgicznych, koronaroplastyce oraz po ostrym incydencie wieńcowym wraz z innymi współtowarzyszącymi schorzeniami. Średnia wieku pacjentów wynosiła 61,63 roku. U pacjentów tych oceniano średnie wartości ciśnienia tętniczego skurczowego i rozkurczowego oraz średnie ciśnienie tętnicze. Program rehabilitacji zawierał 24 sześćdziesięciominutowe sesje po 2-3 razy w tygodniu, obejmujące 30 minut ćwiczeń ogólnokondycyjnych oraz 30 minut jazdy na cykloergometrze rowerowym (trening interwałowy) z submaksymalnym obciążeniem dostosowanym indywidualnie do każdego pacjenta na podstawie wyników próby wysiłkowej, pod stałą kontrolą EKG pracy serca. Rehabilitacja trwała około 3 miesięcy. Pacjenci ćwiczyli w 6-osobowych grupach. Ambulatoryjna rehabilitacja kardiologiczna pozytywnie wpływa na wartości ciśnienia skurczowego i rozkurczowego u pacjentów z chorobą niedokrwienną serca. Trzymiesięczny cykl rehabilitacji kardiologicznej powoduje istotną redukcję skurczowego i średniego ciśnienia tętniczego w spoczynku, zarówno u kobiet, jak i u mężczyzn niezależnie, od wieku. Długoterminowy trening kardiologiczny istotnie obniża ciśnienie rozkurczowe i średnie ciśnienie tętnicze pacjentów z chorobą niedokrwienną serca i nadciśnieniem w przeciwieństwie do grupy pacjentów normotensyjnych.

EN

Cardiac rehabilitation greatly contributes to regaining psycho-physical fitness by patients which is one of its main aims. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of clinic cardiac rehabilitation on blood pressure in patients with ischemic heart disease. 73 patients (49 men and 24 women) after myocardial infarction, cardiac operations, coronary angioplasty or serious heart disorders together with other concomitant diseases were examined. The average age was 61.63 years. The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure in those patients and the average blood pressure was measured. The rehabilitation programme consisted of 24 one-hour sessions carried out 2-3 times a week. Those sessions included 30 minutes of general keep-fit exercises and 30 minutes of cycloergometer exercise (intervallic training) with the submaximum load individually adjusted to each patient on the basis of the exercise test results. All the time the heart work was controlled by means of an electrocardiograph. The rehabilitation lasted about 3 months. The patients did the exercises in groups of six. The research results show that regular cardiac rehabilitation has a beneficial influence on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with ischemic heart disease. The three-months-long cardiac rehabilitation resulted in significant reduction of the systolic blood pressure and the mean arterial pressure in both female and male patients regardless of age. A long-term cardiac training significantly reduces the diastolic blood pressure and the mean arterial pressure in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension as opposed to the group of normotensive patients.