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EN
The fossil record of the Coleorrhyncha goes back to the Upper Permian. In recent faunas only members of the Peloridiidae are present, restricted in distribution to the Southern Hemisphere. These insects were more diversified in the past, and though their fossil record in the Jurassic is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, it comprises the families Progonocimicidae and Karabasiidae. The subfamily ­Progonocimicinae, present in the Jurassic strata of Europe and Asia is a declining lineage. The subfamily Cicadocorinae originated at the Triassic/Jurassic boundary and became dominant during Jurassic times. A review of Coleorrhyncha from European fossil sites is given, with taxonomic and phylogenetic problems highlighted. Their occurrence is linked to a very humid and warm climate, which is in agreement with independent data indicating greenhouse conditions in the atmospheric system and anoxia in the oceans at that time (Toarcian-Oceanic Anoxic Event – T-OAE) and coeval greenhouse climate on land. A new genus and species of the Progonocimicinae – Indutiono­marus treveriorum gen. et sp. nov. is described, based on a specimen from the Lower Toarcian of Bascharage, Luxembourg, Western Europe. It is the first record of the Coleorrhyncha from this locality. The morphological features of the new genus in respect to other ­Progonocimicidae, and its phylogenetic importance, are discussed. Mesoscytina anglica Yu. Popov, Dolling et Whalley, 1994 is transferred to the genus Mesocimex, resulting in Mesocimex anglicus (Yu. Popov, Dolling et Whalley, 1994) comb. nov.
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Content available remote A Low-complexity Distance for DNA Strings
100%
EN
We exhibit a low-complexity but non-trivial distance between strings to be used in biology. The experimental results we provide were obtained on a standard laptop and, even if preliminary, are quite encouraging.
EN
Morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny of a freshwater oxytrichid ciliate, Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. collected from Sanjay Lake (28°36′51″N, 77°18′14″E), Delhi, India, were studied. The described species is characterized by a flexible body, with body size (in vivo) of about 148 × 46 µm and yellowish green cortical granules. Morphological characters exhibit: undulating membranes in Notohymena–pattern; two macronuclei and absence of micronucleus (amicronucleate); about 36 adoral membranelles; 18 frontoventral-transverse (FVT) cirri; one right and one left marginal row separated posteriorly; 6 dorsal rows; 7 caudal cirri arranged in 2 + 2 + 3 pattern (constant). In the present study, a detailed description of all the developmental stages is also provided. Prominent distinguishing features of the new species are the absence of micronucleus, 7 caudal cirri (constant), yellowish green cortical granules aligned along the margins and irregularly distributed throughout the cell. They may also be randomly concentrated as clusters along the left margin and posterior end of the cell. Molecular phylogeny based on small subunit rDNA sequence data suggests sister relationship of Aponotohymena isoaustralis n. sp. with Notohymena apoaustralis and Aponotohymena australis (Notohymena australis) which cluster in a clade with Paraurostyla weissei and Paraurostyla coronata. Further analysis of nucleotide sequence of SSU rDNA also suggests that A. isoaustralis n. sp. is distinct from the type species A. australis.
EN
The coding sequences of two S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolases (SAHases) were identified in yellow lupine by screenig of a cDNA library. One of them, corresponding to the complete protein, was sequenced and compared with 52 other SAHase sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of these proteins identified three groups of the enzymes. Group A comprises only bacterial sequences. Group B is subdivided into two subgroups, one of which (B1) is formed by animal sequences. Subgroup B2 consist of two distinct clusters, B2a and B2b. Cluster B2b comprises all known plant sequences, including the yellow lupine enzyme, which are distinguished by a 50-residue insert. Group C is heterogeneous and contains SAHases from Archaea as well as a new class of animal enzymes, distinctly different from those in group B1.
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2016
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nr 15
13-34
PL
In the present review, an attempt to define the animal kingdom against a background of other kingdoms in the domain of eukaryotic organisms is presented,showing the common features linking the animal kingdom with the kingdom of fungi.The animals were clearly separated from other kingdoms through two unique systemscharacteristic of them: nervous and muscular. The matter is complicated by the fact that in the four types of the animal kingdom (Porifera, Placozoa) the nervous and muscular systems are absent. Therefore, zoologists proposed the name Metazoa multicellularanimal – for the animal kingdom. The main problematic issues of monophyly based onselected phylogenetic groups and phyla are discussed. In addition to the phylogenetictree (based on monophyly) the punctuated equilibrium was established for four independentgroups: Porifera, Cnidaria, Protostomia, Deuterostomia. Finally, the position ofthe animal kingdom in the monophyletic point of view and against a background of all other organisms is presented.
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tom Vol. 73, No 3
193-217
EN
Similarities between scleractinian corals from extinct suborders Pachythecaliina Eliášová 1976 and Rhipidogyrina Roniewicz 1976 are discussed. Corals of the former suborder are considered by some authors as possible descendants of Palaeozoic Rugosa because of their unusual skeletal characters. Some rhipidogyrinans, especially the family Aulastraeoporidae, despite their different septal microstructure, share more common features with pachythecaliinans than with other scleractinians. The following skeletal features are discussed to show similarities between these two suborders: (1) wall microstructure and its relations to septa, (2) corallite bilateral symmetry, (3) marginarium, (4) lonsdaleoid and apophysal septa, and (5) internal septal margin. These similarities can be explained by convergence, although phylogenetic relationships of both suborders can not be excluded. This hypothesis needs to be verified by more studies, especially on early blastogeny of rhipidogyrinans and wall microstructure of pachythecaliinans. The systematic part gives descriptions of the discussed coral suborders occuring in the Štramberk-type limestones, the Polish Outer Carpathians (Tithonian-?Berriasian, ?Valanginian). Similarly as in the Štramberk Limestone (Moravia), pachythecaliinans are highly diversified (17 species, 12 genera, including Pachythecophyllia eliasovae n.gen., n.sp.). Rhipidogyrinans are represented by 4 species of 4 genera, including ?Ogilvinella morycowae n.sp.
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tom Vol. 60, no. 2
219-229
EN
The ammonoid "Trachyphyllites costatum" Arthaber (1927), based on a single specimen from an erratic boulder of presumed Late Triassic (Norian age) from Timor, (Indonesia), was originally described as a phylloceratid but later recognized as a true lytoceratid by Basse (1952) and Schindewolf (1961), and used by Wiedmann (1966a, 1966b, 1970) to support his idea of a polyphyletic origin of the post-Triassic ammonoids and of the Late Triassic roots of the lytoceratids. New collections of additional specimens and associated taxa from other erratic boulders in the type locality have confirmed observations (Tozer 1971; Krystyn 1978) that the age of the original boulder was misinterpreted, and have shown that "Trachyphyllites" is actually of Early Jurassic (Hettangian) age. An unpublished generic revision of the entire superfamily Lytoceratoidea by Hoffmann (2009) has shown that "Trachyphyllites costatum Arthaber" is a junior synonym of Analytoceras hermanni (Gumbel, 1861), a taxon thought by Wahner (1894) to be a subjective synonym of Analytoceras articulatum (J. Sowerby, 1831) We reestablish the species Analytoceras hermanni (Gumbel, 1861) for Analytoceras articulatum "Type B" (Wahner 1894), which is characterized by a wide umbilicus and a small whorl expansion rate. The morphologically distinct "Type A" (Wahner 1894) corresponds to the type species of Analytoceras, A. articulatum (J. Sowerby, 1831). A revised phylogeny of the Early Jurassic lytoceratids is presented.
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