Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Analysis of methods for determining DPAO fraction in phosphorus accumulating organisms

100%

Cyganecka A. , Podedworna J. , Zubrowska-Sudol M.

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nr 2

EN

We attempt to answer the question whether it is possible to directly compare the results of phosphorus uptake batch tests (PUBT) conducted by researchers who use different methods of determining the DPAOsto-PAOs ratio. This issue is raised because personally obtained results clearly show that DPAO fractions calculated with various methods proposed in the literature differ significantly. In the article the factors influencing the results of PUBT are discussed in detail. The study demonstrated that errors in determined values of DPAO fraction may be caused by the invitation of inappropriate value of reduction coefficient for anoxic conditions (η). The conclusion is that the η value should be accurately estimated in each test, independently for every active sludge.

2

Content and uptake of phosphorus and calcium with the yield of potato tubers depending on cultivation operations

100%

Zarzecka K. , Gugala M.

Journal of Elementology

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2010

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tom 15

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nr 2

385-392

EN

In 2002-2004, a study was carried out, based on a field experiment set up on soil of very good rye complex. The experiment was designed as randomized sub-blocks with three replications. Two methods of soil tillage, conventional and simplified tillage, and seven weeding methods such as application of the following herbicides 1) control object – without herbicides, 2) Plateen 41,5 WG , 3) Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, 4) Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC, 5) Barox 460 SL, 6) Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, 7) Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC), constituted experimental factors. Phosphorus content in the tubers of cultivar Wiking potato was determined by colorimetry and calcium was tested by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method (AAS). Phosphorus and calcium content and their uptake with tubers yield significantly depended on the tillage methods and weed control methods as well as weather conditions in the study years. Potato tubers from the simplified tillage cultivation had more phosphorus than tubers whose cultivation was based on the conventional tillage, in contrast to calcium, which was more abundant in tubers from the conventional method. The herbicides significantly reduced the phosphorus content and increased the calcium content compared with the control object. Phosphorus and calcium uptake by potato was significantly higher in the conventionally tilled treatments compared with the simplified method, and in the herbicide-treated plots compared with the mechanically cultivated control treatment.

PL

W latach 2002-2004 przeprowadzono badania oparte na doświadczeniu polowym założonym na glebie kompleksu żytniego bardzo dobrego. Doświadczenie założono metodą losowanych podbloków w trzech powtórzeniach. Badanymi czynnikami były 2 sposoby uprawy roli – tradycyjna i uproszczona oraz 7 sposobów pielęgnacji z zastosowaniem herbicydów 1) obiekt kontrolny – bez herbicydów, 2) Plateen 41,5 WG , 3) Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, 4) Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adiuwant Atpolan 80 EC, 5) Barox 460 SL, 6) Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, 7) Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adiuwant Atpolan 80 EC). Zawartość fosforu w suchej masie bulw ziemniaka oznaczono kolorymetrycznie, a wapnia – metodą absorpcyjnej spektrofotometrii atomowej (ASA). Zawartość fosforu i wapnia i ich pobranie z plonem bulw zależały istotnie od sposobów pielęgnacji i warunków pogodowych w latach badań. Więcej fosforu zawierały bulwy ziemniaka z uprawy uproszczonej w porównaniu z tradycyjną, a więcej wapnia z uprawy tradycyjnej. Herbicydy zastosowane w pielęgnacji wpłynęły na obniżenie zawartości fosforu i podwyższenie zawartości wapnia w porównaniu z bulwami z obiektu kontrolnego. Pobranie fosforu i wapnia z plonem bulw ziemniaka było istotnie większe na obiektach z uprawą tradycyjną niż uproszczoną oraz na obiektach odchwaszczanych chemicznie w stosunku do obiektu kontrolnego pielęgnowanego wyłącznie mechanicznie.

3

Phosphorus uptake by spring barley in dependence on the content of this element in soil

100%

Bednarek W. , Reszka R.

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2008

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tom 63

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nr 3

4

Dynamics of phosphorus in lacustrine sediments: the process of uptake-release of dissolved phosphorus by sediments in different habitats and lakes

80%

Rzepecki M.

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tom 60

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nr 4

EN

Lake eutrophication and its consequences is still an important water quality problem being an effect of nutrient input to surface waters. In most lakes of the temperate zone, phosphorus is the nutrient responsible for eutrophication. Bottom sediments are the main pool involved in the retention and cycling of this element. Bottom sediments, depending on their chemical composition and aeration of the overlying water, may take up or release dissolved phosphorus i.e. the form easy utilizable by the plants. This study was aimed at comparing the exchange (uptake/release) of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in experiments that simulated natural conditions in various types of bottom sediments originating from different river-lake habitats typical of Masurian Lakeland (north-east Poland). Several river-lake systems typical for postglacial landscape were selected like river Jorka (15 km long, 5 lakes in cascade) and river Krutynia (~100 km long flowing through 17 lakes). Sediments used in experiments were taken from the littoral and profundal zones of four lakes (meso- meso-eu-, eutrophic and hypertrophic), from a humic lake and from ecotone zones at the land-water border and at the border between lake and river (from through-flow lakes). In total, 154 experiments were performed to assess the intensity of P exchange at a high (> 8 mg O2 L-1) and low (<2 mg O2 L-1) concentration of oxygen in water overlying undisturbed sediment cores. The following P fractions were isolated using the sequential extraction method and their importance was further analysed: easily exchangeable P (NH4Cl-RP – loosely bound, most available P; BD-RP – redox-dependent P associated with metal (Fe, Mn) hydroxides; NaOH-RP – phosphorus adsorbed mainly on metal (Fe, Al) oxides), hardly exchangeable P (BD-NRP – mainly organic P, whose stability depends on redox potential; NaOH-NRP – phosphorus in microorganisms, polyphosphates and part of organic P bound to detritus and humic substances) and non-exchangeable P (Hcl-P – phosphorus bound to carbonates, apatite-P and phosphorus released during total dissolution of metal oxides; P-residual – non-exchangeable P together with part of organic P). The effect of various factors (i.e. Fe, Mn, Mg, Al, Ca, organic matter, total P content and its fractions) on the intensity of DRP uptake/release was analysed with Pearson correlation and multiple regression. In sediments (both littoral and profundal) from lakes of the Jorka River trophic gradient, high oxygen conditions were always accompanied by P uptake (from –0.9 to –2.8 mg P m-2 d-1) while reduced oxygen concentrations were followed by DRP release (from 2.3 to 18.6 mg P m-2 d-1). These values were several dozen times higher than those noted for sediments from humic lake. Profundal sediments released more P than the littoral ones. In profundal sediments of all lakes of the Jorka River, the intensity of DRP release tooverlying water under reduced O2 concentrations was higher than the uptake rate under aerobic conditions. It means that DRP release prevailed over its uptake. Release rate of DRP tended to be higher from sediments of eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes than from those of meso- and mesoeutrophic lakes both in the two studied habitats (littoral, profundal) and seasons (spring and summer). Sediments of humic lake (from both littoral and profundal zones) showed a low dynamics of DRP uptake/release with a small prevalence of the latter (0.02 to 0.08 mg P m-2 d-1). River-lake-river sediments (from the inflows and outflows of the Krutynia River to a lake) were different in comparison with typical lake sediments – they released DRP to aerated overlying water in both meso- and meso-eutrophic lake. Phosphorus was released from in-shore bog sediments at reduced oxygen concentration in overlying water in both seasons (spring and summer) while under aerobic conditions DRP was weakly taken up and/or released. Fe, Mn, Mg, total P content and redox-dependent easily exchangeable BD-RP fraction had a significant effect on the intensity of P uptake at high concentration of oxygen and P release under reduced oxygen concentration (Pearson correlation, P <0.01). Factor analysis showed that at a high O2 concentration the intensity of DRP uptake by sediments was determined by redoxdependent fraction of P bound to Fe and Mn hydroxides (BD-RP) and the P fraction bound to carbonates and apatite (HCl-P) (r2 = 0.48). At reduced O2 concentration in overlying water the intensity of DRP release was affected by redox-dependent fraction of P associated with Fe and Mn hydroxides (BD-RP), P fraction bound to metal oxides (NaOH-RP), organic P in detritus, P in microorganisms and combined in humic substances (NaOH-NRP) and P fraction bound to carbonates and apatites (HCl-P) (r2 = 0.63). Sediments from eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes in the lower course of the Jorka River are most intensively eutrophicated. They showed the highest values of DRP release and the predominance of P release over P uptake was the highest (up to seven fold). Sediments of these lakes contained the highest amounts of redox-dependent elements – Fe and Mn. Hence, these lakes easily accumulate phosphorus at high concentrations of oxygen but equally easily release it when oxygen in water is depleted. More stable are meso- and meso-eutrophic lakes situated higher in the Jorka River system. Sediments of these lakes released smaller amounts of DRP than eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes and the prevalence of DRP release over uptake was threefold. In-shore bog sediments form a stable system when overlying waters are rich in oxygen. Under reduced oxygen concentrations, however, these habitats become an important P source (comparable with profun dal sediments) for lake littoral zone in case of theirclose contact with lake waters. A system able to bind phosphorus stronger and faster will hamper the delivery of available P to lake water and thus will delay lake eutrophication; that able to release P will accelerate eutrophication. In this case, internal loading may have a decisive effect on the lake trophic status. Profundal mid-lake sites, in-shore bogs and to a smaller extent littoral sediments (gyttja type) are the systems accelerating eutrophication. Humic lake sediments (dy type) are more equilibrated among the studied systems – the differences between uptake and release are small there.

5

Effect of fertilisation with P, Mg or S enriched urea-ammonium nitrate solution on the management of macronutrients in common maize

80%

Wierzbowska J. , Sienkiewicz S. , Światły A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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tom no. 57

39--51

EN

The purpose of this study has been to determine the effect of fertilisation with urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution enriched with P, Mg or S on the content of macronutrients in the grain and straw of maize. The following fertilisers were tested in the field experiment: ammonium nitrate, urea, UAN - 32% N; RSM+S - 26% N + 3% S; RSM+P(Medium) - 26% N and 4.80% P; RSM+P(Starter) - 21% N and 7.86% P; UAN + Mg - 20% N + 4% Mg. In each year of the experiment, significant differentiation in the contents of P, K, Ca, Mg and S in maize grain and straw was observed, depending on the applied nitrogen fertilisation. However, considering the average values from each treatment achieved over the three years, it was demonstrated that the fertilisation significantly changed only the content of P and S in grain and K and Ca in straw of maize. The removal of nutrients was the highest in the second year of the research and amounted in kg∙ha-1 : P - about 100, K - about 350, Ca - about 80, Mg - about 35 and S - about 31, which in turn were differentiated over the years of the experiment in the three years. The removal of P, K, Mg and S also significantly depended on fertilisation. Significant differences, however, most often concerned the control treatment relative to the fertilised ones. The contribution of grain to the accumulation of nutrients also varied significantly in the three years of the experiment. Significantly the lowest share of grain in terms of P and S accumulation was noted in maize grown without N fertilisation.

6

Ocena zmiennosci genotypowej pszenicy jarej w efektywnosci pobierania i wykorzystania azotu i fosforu. Czesc II. Doswiadczenie fitotronowe

70%

Oracka T. , Kozdoj J. , Cieply J.

Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin

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2004

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nr 231

115-127

7

Ocena zmiennosci genotypowej pszenicy jarej w efektywnosci pobierania i wykorzystania azotu i fosforu. Czesc I. Doswiadczenie polowe

70%

Oracka T. , Kozdoj J. , Cieply J.

Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin

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2004

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nr 231

101-114

8

Zawartość i pobieranie fosforu, potasu i magnezu przez pszenicę jarą i wsiewkę koniczyny perskiej w zależności od zagęszczenia roślin

61%

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nr 1

PL

W doświadczeniu wazonowym, zrealizowanym w latach 2010-2012, analizowano zawartość i pobieranie fosforu, potasu i magnezu przez pszenicę jarą i wsiewkę koniczyny perskiej. Czynnikami doświadczenia były: 1. sposób siewu pszenicy i koniczyny: w siewie czystym (kontrola) i we wzajemnej mieszance; 2. zagęszczenie roślin: zalecane (zgodne z agrotechniką) i mniejsze (zmniejszone w stosunku do zalecanego o 20%). Badania przeprowadzono w fazach rozwojowych pszenicy jarej: kłoszenie i dojrzałość. Na podstawie pomiarów suchej masy części nadziemnych (u pszenicy masy wegetatywnej i kłosów, u koniczyny masy wegetatywnej) i korzeni oraz zawartości w nich – P, K i Mg obliczono pobranie tych pierwiastków przez oba gatunki. Wykazano, że zawartość P i Mg w pszenicy nie zmieniała się pod wpływem wsiewki koniczyny perskiej. Zawartość K w roślinach pszenicy była mniejsza na obiektach z wsiewką. Zawartość P, K i Mg w roślinach koniczyny perskiej w obu sposobach siewu była podobna w fazie kłoszenia zboża. W fazie dojrzałości pszenicy w mieszance stwierdzono jego redukcję. Pobranie P, K i Mg przez pszenicę jarą i wsiewkę koniczyny perskiej było mniejsze niż w siewie czystym. Zagęszczenie roślin nie różnicowało pobrania przez pszenicę analizowanych pierwiastków. Koniczyna z kolei pobrała więcej magnezu na obiekcie z zagęszczeniem większym, a potasu na obiekcie z zagęszczeniem mniejszym.

EN

In a pot experiment conducted in the years 2010-2012, an assessment was performed of the impact of sowing method and density of spring wheat and Persian clover on their uptake and accumulation of P, K and Mg. The experimental factors were: 1) the method of sowing spring wheat and Persian clover: pure sowing (control) and mixed sowing; 2) the plant density: recommended (according to the rules of proper agricultural practice) and lower (reduced by 20% compared to the recommended density). Tests were conducted during the following growth stages of spring wheat sown on the object with pure sowing and recommended plant density: inflorescence emergence (BBCH 54-56) and ripening (BBCH 87-89). Based on the measurements of dry mass of the aboveground parts (vegetative, heads, grains) and roots, as well as the content of P, K and Mg in them, the uptake of those nutrients by both species was calculated. It was demonstrated that the concentration of P and Mg in spring wheat did not change under the influence of undersown Persian clover. K content in spring wheat growing with the undersown crop was lower than the content in pure sowing. The content of P, K and Mg in clover plants in both methods of sowing was similar to that in the inflorescence emergence stage of wheat. In the ripening stage a reduction of those elements was observed. Uptake of P, K and Mg by spring wheat and the undersown Persian clover was lower than in the case of pure sowing. Density of plants did not diversify the uptake of analysed nutrients by wheat. On the other hand, clover took up more magnesium and less potassium in the object with higher plant density.

9

Zawartość i pobranie fosforu, potasu oraz magnezu przez kupkówkę pospolitą w zależności od przebiegu warunków meteorologicznych

61%

Bednarek W. , Bednarek H. , Dresler S.

Acta Agrophysica

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2009

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tom 13

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nr 3[168]