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EN
The trials conducted with selected chemical and biological insecticides in 1998-2000 showed the highest effectiveness of Karate Zeon 100 CS (lambda-cyhalotrine) in European corn borer (ECB) larvae control in sweet corn. The efficacy of biological insecticides containing Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki: Biobit 3.2 WP and Lepinox WDG was very variable between the years. Reasons for insufficient efficacy of these products are discussed. The most appropriate time for the application of a chemical insecticide against ECB larvae are plant developmental stages since the beginning of pollen shedding to full blooming (63–67 BBCH scale). The efficacy of treatment was the highest at that time.
PL
Spośród testowanych w latach 1998–2000 chemicznych i biologicznych insektycydów najwyższą skuteczność w zwalczaniu larw omacnicy prosowianki na kukurydzy cukrowej wykazał preparat Karate Zeon 100 CS (lambda-cyhalotryna). Skuteczność preparatów biologicznych opartych na Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki tj. Biobit 3,2 WP i Lepinox WDG była bardzo zmienna w poszczególnych latach. Wynikało to prawdopodobnie z wrażliwości tych preparatów na niekorzystne warunki pogody. Najwłaściwszym terminem dla wykonania zabiegu chemicznego przeciwko larwom omacnicy prosowianki okazał się przedział czasowy pomiędzy początkiem pyleniakukurydzy apełnią kwitnienia(stadiarozwojowe kukurydzy 63–67 w skali BBCH).
EN
The aim of this study was to examine whether and how different odorants placed on the bodies of female mice, but having no reward value for the males, affect courtship and mating behaviour of male mice towards females in oestrus and thus emitting female pheromones. In this manner, certain consequences of concurrent activation of the main olfactory system and the vomeronasal system were investigated. Four different odorants (white musk, lavender, peppermint and valerian) were used for swabbing female mice in oestrus. Using a total of 160 sexually naive outbred mice of both sexes, divided for each of 4 odorants into controls (not swabbed with odorant) and two experimental groups, in the experimental group I the females observed previously as controls were swabbed with one of the 4 odorants, while in the experimental group II, new naive females were swabbed with one of the 4 odorants. The females were observed in individual cages for 30 min. each, together with a respective sexually naive male. The latency between introduction of a male into a cage with a previously swabbed female and initiation of courtship and mating behaviours by males (sniffing, circling, misdirected mounting, copulation failures, successful copulation) was recorded. Latency to the occurrence of all sexual behaviours was significantly longer in experimental groups compared to controls. Latency to initiation of courtship behaviour, especially sniffing and circling, was shorter towards females swabbed with peppermint odour than for other odorants, indicating no aversion to this odour. However, the peppermint odour completely inhibited copulation. It is concluded that alien volatile odours with no reward value nevertheless exert differentiated suppressing effects on female mice pheromones inducing courtship and mating behaviour. Thus, it is hypothesized that the activation of the main olfactory system suppresses the accessory vomeronasal system.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań selektywności dwóch handlowych feromonów płciowych do odłowu rolnicy zbożówki i rolnicy czopówki w buraku cukrowym. Komponentami zapachowymi (płciowymi) dla samców rolnicy zbożówki była mieszanina octanów (Z)-5 decenylu, (Z)-7 dodecenylu i (Z)-9 tetradecenylu, a dla rolnicy czopówki, mieszanina octanów (Z)-5 tetradecenylu i (Z)-9 tetradecenylu. Na liczebność odłowionych rolnic obu gatunków istotny wpływ (prócz warunków meteorologicznych oraz doboru odpowiednich komponentów feromonowych) mogły również mieć zasiewy roślin rolniczych, jak również innych roślin żywicielskich otaczających monitorowane plantacje (np. chwasty). Uzyskane wyniki pozwolą w przyszłości na zmianę dotychczasowych metod zwalczania rolnic z uwzględnieniem zmniejszenia ilości wprowadzanych do środowiska substancji czynnych.
EN
Two com. female moth sex pheromones were used for monitoring Agrotis segetum and Agrotis exclamationis in sugar beet, barley, winter wheat, triticale, corn and potato cultures. Both pheromones were very efficient. Crops and host plants showed also an impact on the no. the moths catched in the pheromone traps.
EN
This study was designed to establish: a) whether boar pheromones, 5a-androstenone and 5a-an- drostenol, may affect the contractile reactivity of superficial veins of the face in prepubertal gilts deprived of ovarian hormones, and b) what is the influence of ovarian hormones secreted during sexual maturation on the contractility of these veins. The isolated rings of frontal, facial and dorsal nasal veins were treated with androstenone (5a-androst-16-en-3-one), androstenol (5a-androst-16-en-3-ol) and testosterone (17ß-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one) in concentrations of either 1 or 10 μM. Changes in the contractile activity of the isolated vein segments were measured using isometric transducer and recorded on HSE-ACAD W software. Sex boar pheromones androstenol and androstenone affected the contractility of the superficial veins of the face and nose in both of the prepubertal ovariectomized gilts and prepubertal intact animals. The way these veins reacted to pheromones differed between animal groups, particular vessels and even their parts and was also dose - dependent. In prepubertal ovariectomized gilts, androstenol had stronger action and caused the constriction of the facial vein, dorsal nasal vein and the distal part of the frontal vein. Androstenone produced constriction of the nasal vein, distal part of the frontal vein and proximal part of facial vein, but relaxation of the proximal part of the frontal vein and the distal part of the facial vein. In prepubertal untreated gilts, androstenone was more effective and strongly influence on the constricted of the frontal vein and facial vein and produced the relaxation of the nasal vein. Androstenol influence on the constriction the frontal vein and the distal parts of the facial vein and nasal vein, and influence o the relaxtion their proximal parts. Testosterone used as a control androgen affected both superficial veins of the face veins in a dose-dependent manner, and, at a higher dose, increased the contractility more effectively. Only the nasal vein did not react to this hormone. The present results suggest the existence in prepubertal gilts of frontal and facial veins' specific reactivity which may participate in the regulation of blood flow from the nasal cavity to the peri- hypophyseal vascular complex and play a role in the humoral pathway for the male pheromone priming functions in the central nervous system. This reactivity was displayed by the vessels in prepubertal gilts without ovarian hormones. The presence of active ovaries in maturing gilts changed the reactivity of these veins to pheromones and testosterone.
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