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Rozklad fungicydu karbendazym w srodowisku wodnym

100%

Bogacka T.

1995

tom 46

nr 2

183-192

Wyznaczono dynamikę i kinetykę rozkladu szeroko stosowanego w kraju fungicydu - karbendazymu. Badania prowadzono w warunkach modelowych symulujących wodę rzeczną, destylowaną i ekosystem wodny uwzględniając różne stężenia początkowe fungicydu i temperatury oraz wpływ na rozklad karbendazymu zdolności adaptacyjnych mikroflory i właściwości kumulacyjnych.

The study of the breakdown of the fungicide carbendazim widely used in Poland was carried out under model conditions simulating the environment of river water moderately polluted, distilled water, and dynamic aqueous ecosystem. The experiments were conducted using the fungicide in concentrations about 1 and 5 mcg/l at two temperatures - about 20°C and 5°C, and after adaptation of microorganisms to the presence of the fungicide. Taking the results of the experiment with river water the rate of the breakdown was studied, determining also the kinetic parameters of the break own process: rate constants and half-times of breakdown. This process agreed, as a rule, with the kinetic equation of first order and depended on the type of water, initial concentration, temperature and microflora adaptation to the environment of the tested substance. The process of carbendazime breakdown after adaptation of the microorganisms of river water to the fungicide was occuring at a much higher rate at both test temperature and depended on the initial concentration. Temperature decrease to about 5°C inhibited the process of carbendazime degradation, but only if the initial concentraion was higher. The concentrations of carbendazime in aqueous environment under dynamic conditions during 14-day exposure decreased by 14-19% and had no negative influence on the biocenosis of the experimental ecosystem Carbendazime was not taken up by water-thyme and Lebistes reticulata in the experimental ecosystem, was poorly concentrated by snails and accumulated slightly in the sediments of the ecosystem.

Dynamic of Ultracide (GS 13005) degradation in plants and soils and its effectiveness against Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say)

100%

Abu Zayda I. S.

nr 1

Wpływ nawożenia organicznego na zanikanie metolachloru w glebie

70%

Lewandowska A. , Silowiecki A.

nr 4

The experiment was carried out in outdoor lysimeters, filled with highly organic soil. The soil surface was divided in two sub-fields and then treated with the commercial product Dual 960 EC enriched with 14C – UL – metolachlor, at a dose of 1.8 l/ha. After the pesticide treatment the soil surface was sprinkled four times either with water or with biohumus solution. The dissipation of metolachlor in the 0–15 cm of soil profile was investigated during 11 weeks. Soil samples collected from the levels of 0–5, 5–10 and 10–15 cm were analyzed on extractable and bound 14C residues. Sprinkling with water caused a vertical movement of metolachlor in the soil. After 11 weeks 92% of applied 14C was found. Under the organic fertilization the dissipation of herbicide within soil profile was limited, mainly due to binding of its residues at top-layer of 0–5 cm. In this case, in soil profile of 0–15 cm almost the whole amount of applied 14C was found after 11 weeks. These results showed that biohumus was an effective agent for protecting groundwater from contamination by pesticides. On the other hand, they suggest that the binding of xenobiotics is a factor which limits the removing of potentially harmful substances from the soil.