Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Pytanie Raula. Obraz dziecka wśród Indian E’ñepá (Amazonia wenezuelska)

100%

Buliński T.

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nr 3(18)

49-59

EN

The article discusses the E’nepá Indians’ image of a child. Its frame subject is Raul’s (a member of the E’nepá group) question as to whether Polish people kill their fourth child after it is born. In order to explain the source of this question, I try to present: 1) the E’nepá Indians’ image of the world, 2) the process of building a person, 3) relations between adults andstion about humanity, and about the process of socialization as a process of humanization.

2

Perspectivism and special relativity

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Khalili M.

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nr 2

191-217

EN

Th e special theory of relativity holds signifi cant interest for scientifi c perspectivists. In this paper, I distinguish between two related meanings of “perspectival,” and argue that reference frames are perspectives, provided that perspectival means “being conditional” rather than “being partial.” Framedependent properties such as length, time duration, and simultaneity, are not partially measured in a reference frame, but their measurements are conditional on the choice of frame. I also discuss whether the constancy of the speed of light depends on perspectival factors such as the idealized defi nition of the speed of light in a perfect vacuum and the Einstein synchronization convention. Furthermore, I argue for the view that the constancy of its speed is a robust property of light according to the conditions of currently acceptable experimental setups pertaining to special relativity, and conclude that this view supports perspectivism.

CS

Speciální teorie relativity je obzvláště zajímavá z hlediska vědeckého perspektivismu. V tomto článku rozliším dva související významy pojmu „perspektiva“ a pokusím se ukázat, že vztažné soustavy lze chápat jako perspektivy za předpokladu, že perspektivou rozumíme spíše „být podmíněný“, a nikoli „být dílčí“. Vlastnosti závislé na vztažné soustavě, jako je délka, časové trvání a simultánnost, nejsou v dané vztažné soustavě měřeny neúplně, ale jejich měření jsou podmíněna výběrem vztažné soustavy. Rovněž se budu zabývat otázkou, zda stálost rychlosti světla závisí na perspektivních faktorech, jako je idealizovaná defi nice rychlosti světla v dokonalém vakuu a Einsteinova synchronizační konvence. Na závěr se pokusím ukázat, že konstantní rychlost je robustní vlastností světla dle podmínek aktuálně přijímaných experimentů týkajících se speciální relativity a že tento pohled podporuje perspektivismus.

3

Don Quijote: jiná modernita

70%

Sánchez Fernández J. A.

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tom 52

116-124

EN

Is it possible to read Don Quijote de la Mancha as a work representing modernity, and if so, in which sense? So sounds the question that this essay tries to answer. On the one hand, Close has warned about the problems of the romantic reading of Don Quijote, like, for instance, to assert that the book symbolizes Spain or an epoch. But, on the other hand, Cervantesʼ major work is in contact, through Huarte de San Juan, with the problem of truth, developed by renaissance thought in 16. century. That problem of truth, and the origin of knowledge criticism, is interpreted by Kundera as characteristic of modernity, even if different to the tradition founded by Descartes.

4

O wielości kultur i wartości

61%

Porębski C.

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nr 1-4

233-261

EN

The philosophical problem of the plurality of cultures is coeval with philosophy itself. There are three groups of answers to the basic questions: how many cultures are there, and why? The first one includes all the philosophical conceptions – let us call them “uniculturalist” – that hold that only one culture exists actually, or at least potentially, namely: the universally human one. The opposite conceptions – let us call them “pluriculturalist” – regard the plurality of cultures as a fundamentally important and insurmountable feature: plurality of values then follows from their monadic nature. All the intermediate conceptions that can be located between these extremes form the third group. The paper first presents these three groups in more general terms and then, for the sake of a more detailed presentation, follows it up with a discussion of the problem of the plurality of cultures in the conceptions of Edmund Husserl, Max Scheler and Roman Ingarden. However different these three phenomenologists’ ways of approaching this issue might appear, they certainly have at least this in common: they offer their respective solutions against the background of the results of their axiological investigations. The final part of the paper deals with some selected motifs of the contemporary debate concerning the differentiation of cultures. One of them is the impressive frequency of making new uses of Husserl’s concept of the Lebenswelt, especially by Asian and African authors. Another motif: apart from the axiological choices of cultures, other “philosophical determinations” (Levinas’ term), such as the accepted concept of time, are analyzed as important factors making cultures different and numerous. In this context, Ingarden’s works on cultures and the different ways of experiencing time appear ever more interesting.