Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Multiculturalism and Personal Safety in the Place of Residence according to the Inhabitants of Lębork District, Poland

100%

Smolarczyk R.

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tom 35(35)

140-164

EN

The article discusses the issues related to the multicultural society and its impact on personal safety. The aim of the study is to present the concept of personal security, multiculturalism and related issues. At the same time, this work is an attempt to answer the question whether life in a multicultural society evokes negative reactions and whether it affects the broadly understood personal safety. In his own research, the author attempted to prove that changes in the environment do not violate personal security, and on the contrary, existence in a multicultural society can positively shape human behaviour and influence their personal development.

2

The Importance of Leadership in Shaping the Security and Organizational Culture of Hierarchical Units

80%

Urych I. , Bryczek-Wróbel P.

Polish Journal of Political Science

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2022

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tom 8

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nr 2

37-51

EN

Nowadays, we are observing the growing role of leadership not only in organizations but also in hierarchical units. This importance is related to shaping the organizational culture of individuals and teams working in them. The aim of the article is to present the importance of leadership in shaping the security and organizational culture of hierarchical units on the example of the War Studies University. The analysis was made using Geert Hofstede's organizational culture model using participant observation. On the basis of the conducted analysis, it can be indicated that the discussed hierarchical unit is characterized by a high power distance, collectivism, masculinity, a high degree of avoidance of uncertainty and short-term orientation in time. Such dimensions of organizational culture as: avoidance of uncertainty, collectivism and power distance have the greatest impact on the occurrence of a specific leadership style, and their verification should be an integral element of the exercised power in order to increase the level of structural security of the institution and personal security of members of this organization.

3

Police Physical Security — Structure for Individualization of Ballistic Vests

80%

Bukowiecka D. , Górski S. , Horoszkiewicz J. , Łuka P. , Wojciechowski M.

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2014

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tom 6(2)

165-178

EN

This article is a partial summary of research conducted by the Police Academy, Szczytno, as a part of a research projectDOBR-BIO4/045/13067/2013 financed from funds for the “Design individualization of concealable ballistic vests” project.The project is being carried out in 2013–2015 in a scientific-industrial consortium composed of the Institute of Security Technologies“MORATEX” in Lodz, the Central Institute of Labour Protection in Warsaw, the Enterprise of Protective Equipment “MASKPOL S.A”in Konieczki and the Military Institute of Armament Technology in Zielonka. The project lead is the Institute of Security Technologies“MORATEX” in Lodz. The project is financed by The National Centre of Research and Development in Warsaw. This article describesa part of research conducted by the Police Academy, Szczytno. The main aim of the research project is individualization of the designof a concealable vest so as to make it appropriate for the needs of its future user. To this end, a procedure will be designed usinga scanning device, which will allow researchers to adjust the vest to the user. Apart from being bulletproof, the vest is meantto protect from dangers of a needle, spike or knife attack. The scope of the necessary protection will be established after the analysisof collected data regarding attacks on police. This publication focuses particularly on issues connected with the physical safetyof police officers, validation procedures and analysis of threats resulting from police interventions, as well as procedures concerningthe protection of police officers’ personal data.

4

Threats of identity theft in cyberspace - case study

80%

Jakubiec W.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

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2020

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nr 2

10-14

XX

We can certainly say that identity theft on the Internet is a growing criminal phenomenon. The perpetrators’ actions are most often motivated by financial gain. The article discusses selected issues concerning so-called Internet fraudsters. In particular, it draws attention to the actions taken in cyberspace and the risks that accompany such decisions. I point out that the most vulnerable to identity theft are elderly people who do not even know basic security procedures. The article not only draws attention to the dangers themselves but also describes the way criminals act. It also states that in order to minimize the risks faced by network users, attention should be paid to training needs related to with security in cyberspace. An important aspect of this is to draw attention to the risks associated with personal data improperly stored on electronic media integrated into the Internet.

5

Internal Security in the Historical Perspective – an Outline. Part 1.

80%

Majer P.

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tom 3(1)

129-144

EN

Internal security is an evolving concept constantly broadening its scope. It is generally understood that internal security comprises three facets – stability of the state and its institutions, soundness of the material foundations of the society and dependability of the legal system established and supported by the state. In the age of slavery, the slaves – constituting a majority of the society – were deprived of the sense of personal security, in contrast to the citizens whose rights and liberties were protected by the state. Security of existence depended very much on the social status. State institutions in turn were deemed sacred, their significance firmly anchored in tradition, and as such untouchable by mortals. In the feudal state slavery dwindled and the general sense of personal security improved, it remained however strongly dependent on one’s position in the social strata. Stability of the state institutions increased due to their new structure, building up on the previous strenghts. The Church contributed vastly to the security of existence by charity and care. Those functions were gradually taken up by the state, beginning in England in the 16th century.

6

Social Campaigns and Their Impact on Personal Security During the Covid-19 Pandemic

80%

Osmólska I.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2023

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tom 45(45)

92-106

EN

On 30 January 2020. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared an outbreak caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID19 . In Poland, on the other hand, a state of epidemic emergency was declared on 14 March 2020 and all uniformed, medical and epidemiological services were placed on standby. The new, unforeseen situation has had a dramatic impact not only on economic sectors, but above all on citizens' sense of personal security. It has made it necessary for many institutions to consolidate their activities and to seek solutions that would allow society to cope with an unknown phenomenon and to maintain at least a minimum sense of security. Consequently, social campaigns were one of the ways to raising awareness and presenting solutions to reduce the risks affecting personal security associated with the epidemic. Among numerous activities of a preventive nature, social campaigns are a tool for promoting ideas and attitudes, whileat the same time being a form of activating the addressees to undertake pro-social behaviour and to eliminate attitudes that negatively influence the health, life and development of society. A social campaign, as a persuasive message, should evoke attitudes and behaviours that are socially desirable and induce to the abandonment of behaviours that violate the legal order or the sense of social security. The purpose of the study is to present the concept of personal security and related issues. At the same time, the paper attempts to answer the question of what social advertising is at the level of programmes creating pro-social behaviour and seeks an answer to the question of the effectiveness of social campaigns broadcast during pandemics and their impact on increasing the sense of personal safety. In particular, whether this social media tool is fulfilling its mission. Undoubtedly, social campaigns are seen as an element that increases the effectiveness of personal safety measures, as they provide tools to reach a specific population. The paper uses empirical and theoretical research methods, including: literature analysis, analysis of phenomena occurring in society and inference as a cognitive factor of the subject under analysis. It was assumed that social campaigns have a significant influence on increasing the feeling of personal safety and the results of the research made it possible to identify the most effective elements used in social campaigns.

7

Personal Security of the Officers of The Polish Prison Service

80%

Gierszewski J. , Kwiatkowski A.

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tom 35(35)

102-122

EN

Objective and problem: The aim is to know the opinions of the Polish prison officers (security department) about personal security while on duty. The main question is: How do prison officers perceive their security while on duty? Methodology: The authors use literature analysis as well as the analysis of statistical data and of phenomena occurring in society. A diagnostic survey using the interview technique played an important role in the empirical part. The survey was conducted in 2020, in a group of 320 prison officers from various prison units, using the author’s questionnaire. Conclusions: The personal security of prison officers is about their perception of dangerous situations (threats) in the workplace. The issue is mainly concerned with emergency situations: physical hazards (e.g. damage to health), mental hazards (e.g. after a suicidal act is revealed) and legal protection (e.g. in case of slander). Results: Direct contact with prisoners makes the work of an officer of the Prison Service dangerous and stressful, but the officer has adequate professional preparation and technical means to repel the attack. The authors identified significant threats and dangerous places, as well as assessed the effectiveness of the measures aimed at boosting a prison guard’s safety.

8

Personal Security: Current State and Development Prospects for the Reflection on Security of Individuals and Human Collectivities

80%

Urbanek A.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2017

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tom 23(23)

30-50

EN

Personal security is a new perspective for the security research and description, which has grown in our times out of a human security concept developed by UN experts. The concept, which the English-language literature analyses mainly from the perspective of security studies, is now becoming a theoretical construct that stands a chance to become an independent subdiscipline of security studies in Poland because it is more and more often invoked as a basic category of national security, next to the security of the state. In this paper, the author presents the current status of the reflection on personal security in Poland and worldwide. He gives an overview of how this new security category is defined, identifies the entities that can be analysed from its perspective, and points out to further directions of research in this area.

9

The concept and the essence of personal security

80%

Sokołowski M.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2019

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tom 33(33)

117-130

EN

Security is a concept defined in various ways. It is often emphasized that it is one of the constitutive attributes of human beings that define their activity. Presently, there is a tendency to eschew the state-centric concept of security in favour of the anthropocentric one. The fact that the main focus of this anthropocentric concept of security is on personal security situates the above issue within the area of security culture. The contemporary analysis of the threats that affect human safety requires the identification of diverse cause-and-effect relationhips in the complex postmodern reality, both material and non-material one. The emergence of the category of risk, on the other hand, implies the necessity of shifting the key security-related foci from the subjective sphere to the sphere of personal safety. The article is an attempt to systematize the concept of personal security and define its essence in the perspective of security sciences. For the sake of such a research objective, the problem has been formulated in the following way: What is the essence of personal security and how is it defined in the field of security sciences? The issue has been little studied so far, and the adopted qualitative approach forces the author to abandon the research hypothesis, as a non-assumptive approach has been taken in the task of investigating the researched concept. The work uses the method of the critical analysis of subject literature. The resulting systematisation of knowledge in the researched area is an attempt to review the concepts used in security sciences in such a way that allows to organize the concepts regarding personal security.

10

The Impact of Sex and Gender on the Perception of the Personal Security of Uniformed Public Services

80%

Kempa M.

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tom 29(29)

142-163

EN

The article presents a psychological approach to sex and gender in uniformed public services, and is based on the author’s own research. The research examines the role of women in the military and the popular perception of women participating in the armed forces, as well as possible differences in this regard between the military and the civilian environment. The paper also presents the results of research on the perception of personal security by uniformed public service members when on duty. In the course of the analysis of the factors significant for the investigated phenomenon, i.e. for the psychological gender, a number of specific research problems has been identified. The identified problems are dependent in nature and relate to the significance of relations between variables. The analysis of the research problem, conducted on the basis of subject literature, indicates that psychological gender is one of the significant factors that determine perceived personal security. This factor is chosen as the primary independent variable in this paper. Psychological gender is understood here as spontaneous readiness to apply the dimension of gender in relation to oneself and the external world.

11

Personal Security within the Human Security Paradigm

80%

Gierszewski J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2017

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tom 23(23)

51-66

EN

This paper attempts to answer the question of for whom is security relevant, and whether security is a category which constitutes the point of reference to the idea of personal security. Until very recently, security was associated with threats originating from the political and military situation of the state, not individuals. The traditional system was based on the state-centric approach to security. The idea of human security, on the other hand, in contrast to the traditional system, expands the definition of security threats. Human security combines the security of individuals with that of the state. The article focuses on examining the relations between the security of the state the idea of human security. Analysing those relations allowed for the development of the term: personal security.

12

Personal Security within the Human Security Paradigm

80%

Gierszewski J.

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tom 23(23)

51-66

EN

This paper attempts to answer the question of for whom is security relevant, and whether security is a category which constitutes the point of reference to the idea of personal security. Until very recently, security was associated with threats originating from the political and military situation of the state, not individuals. The traditional system was based on the state-centric approach to security. The idea of human security, on the other hand, in contrast to the traditional system, expands the definition of security threats. Human security combines the security of individuals with that of the state. The article focuses on examining the relations between the security of the state the idea of human security. Analysing those relations allowed for the development of the term: personal security.

13

Internal Security in the Historical Perspective – an Outline. Part 2.

80%

Majer P.

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tom 3(2)

267-290

EN

The author presents the second part of the article on development of internal security over the centuries. The eras discussed in the first part of the paper, which was published in the Internal Security issue of June 2011, were linked to the two most prevalent types of state at that time: antiquity — a slave state, and the Middle Ages – a feudal state. The state in the modern era evolved by transforming from a feudal state into the capitalist state, and in the twentieth century, some took the form of a socialist state. The changes that occurred influenced the components of internal security, and are described in minute detail. The article comprises deliberations on personal security, the security of state authorities and existence. As was pointed out, personal security was in general subject to improvement, which undoubtedly was the result of the spread of positive laws, the introduction of the principle of equality before the law, and development of institutions upholding public order and security. The factors being discussed herein were strengthened in the twentieth century by the development of civil and human rights. Security of existence increased as a result of affluence of society and improvement in social legislation, introducing a variety of guarantees associated with difficult situations. The security of state organs was provided largely by political, institutional and legal measures. However, these positive trends collapsed in countries, especially in totalitarian ones, that did not respect democratic rules. The article ends with an emphasis put on basic conclusions.

14

Oszustwa „na legendę” istotnym zagrożeniem dla seniorów

70%

Kłoda B.

Security Review

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2021

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tom nr 3 (20)

12--22

EN

Legend scams pose a serious threat to seniors. Criminals are committed in order to manipulate the trust of seniors who often use social engineering. Despite high penalties for these acts, it is still one of the most dangerous scams. Criminals use various methods, often resorting to many tricks and using various disguises. At the same time, the high degree of conspiracy and the extensive construction of criminal groups committing frauds with legends is a big problem for law enforcement agencies. Therefore social programs are run to educate seniors and warn them against such scams. They are organized by various organizations and security services. Frauds with legends is constantly evolving to adapt to the current realities, which means that there is a constant need to increase the awareness of seniors and fight with this type of crime.

15

Psycho-hygiene of Family Education as a Major Condition of the Family Violence Preventing

70%

Boltivets S.

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tom 3(2)

209-226

EN

Through ages human beings have developed psycho-hygienic concepts self-preserve their own mental life, which are connected with a cultural-historical development of mankind, history of philosophical thought, pedagogical culture, formation of the moral bases of social life. The psycho-hygiene of the child family education is a basic condition for the prevention of psychological violation and, consequently, for the formation of a stable sense of safety and personal security. Psychological and pedagogical means, consciously applied by parents, have a function of the mental health protection and prevention of the medical interference and legal sanctions. Psycho-hygienic criteria of children and adolescents’ mental health quality, their classification in accordance with the mental health groups allow to determine appropriate levels of the mental states in their age variability. The methods of the age inter-consistency of the personality functioning to help predict the psycho-hygiene prognostication of the certain traumatic stages of the family life. If the culture of mental self-assessment and self-control it is considered as a norm of self-observation of the relationship between the child’s personality and estimated continuum of the micro-social environment, what makes it possible to apply is the pedagogical method that has significant psycho-hygiene opportunities and a large psycho-traumatic potential. The article presents a complete classification of the estimated judgments, and methods to determine the child’s needs in the self-assessment, which is formed by the micro-social environment.

16

Dysfunction of Mexico in terms of Personal Security

70%

Pruchniak J.

Security Dimensions: International & National Studies

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2021

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tom 36(36)

200-222

EN

The article refers to the currently shaped issues of human personal safety in relation to threats arising from events and situations. At the same time, it points out that an exhaustive expression of the need for security is rather unfeasible because this scope in personal view will be categorized by: physiological properties, age, environmental and situational conditions, knowledge, and socio-cultural conditions, as well as life experiences. The author focuses in particular on the analysis of organized crime in Mexico and the impact of these structures on the personal safety of people, social, ethnic, and professional groups, indicating their causes. The rooting or deepening of the indicated social problems and the lack of perspectives to improve them means that the main assumptions of the security strategy, including among others public safety improvement programs, and thus personal safety, is a very complex and extended process. The analysis of the functioning of the Mexican state in the security sphere clearly shows that in this respect state institutions transfer this issue to the citizen. Fears for their safety result from the presence of criminal structures, shocking ones, their uncompromising attitude, sense of impunity, and ruthlessness towards anyone who has been defined by "crime syndicates" as a threat to their existence.

17

Nanoroboty w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa jednostki

60%

Niedbała M. P.

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nr 1(4)

130-141

PL

Idee nanotechnologii z końca XX w. urzeczywistniły się z początkiem XXI w. Szybki rozwój tej młodej dziedziny naukowej niesie ze sobą wiele obiecujących rozwiązań dotyczących przede wszystkim medycyny, ale także technologii informatycznych, w tym komunikacyjnych. Rozwój wytwarzania samych nanotechnologii, jak i nanorobotówdowodzi, że człowiekowi udało się zmienić wadliwy genotyp zwierząt i dąży on do zastosowania tej samej metody u człowieka w oparciu o nanoroboty biologiczne. Z wielką uwagą należy obserwować wykorzystanie nanotechnologii szczególnie na polu medycznym. Istnieje bowiem uzasadniona obawa użycia wspomnianych technologii, w tym budowy nanorobotów opartych na biologii, przeciwko człowiekowi. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi czytelnika na możliwości i skutki ich niekontrolowanego użycia.

EN

The ideas of nanotechnology become reality at the beaginning of XXI century. The rapid development of this young scientific field entails a number of promising solutions mainly related to medicine, as well as information technology, including communication. Development of nanotechnology manufacturing and nanobots proves that man has already managed to change defective genotype of animals, and seeks to apply the same method in humans, based on biological nanorobots. However, great attention should be paid to observe the use of nanotechnology particularly in the medical field. There is a reasonable fear to use these technologies, including the construction of nanobots based on biology, against man. This article is intended to draw the reader's attention to the possibilities and consequences of their uncontrolled use.

18

THE ROLE AND THE IMPORTANCE OF SECRET OFFICES FOR THE PROTECTION OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION IN THE MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE

60%

Kaleta S.

Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje

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2015

|

tom 20(20)

238-249

EN

The disclosure of classified information can contribute to causing threat to national security. In order to prevent such situations in the Ministry of National Defense a specialized, full-time organizational units called protection sections have been appointed. Protection sections consists of secret offices which are responsible for recording, storage, circulation, publishing and archiving of classified information. The article also highlights the key threats to classified information, and discusses the organization of secret offices in the Ministry of National Defense. The idea of “instruments of protection” have been presented to ensure the safety for both offices and for the information which is being processed.

19

Etyka robotów oznacza bezpieczeństwo ludzi

60%

Mikołajewska E. , Mikołajewski D.

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2011

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tom nr 4(85)

104-111

EN

Robots’ ethics is a new field of science and technology connected with a rapid development of the number of robots and their independence, as well as increasing awareness of threats in this area. Its implementation and in this way ensuring security and safety of its users and people surrounded them, also in case of failure or error is necessary in industrial, medical and military robotics. It is particularly important in medical robotics (rehabilitation including) and in automated environment such as an ambient intelligence (AmI) environment or intelligent home. It specially concerns robots in military applications which due to its character are exposed to more aggressive forms of affecting the environment, in which robots operate, that expose them to damage or destruction. The article attempts to analyse problems connected with the implementation of ethics principles in algorithms of operation of contemporary and future solutions.

20

Zagrożenie wykluczeniem cyfrowym jako element bezpieczeństwa osobistego Polaków

60%

Żuk J.

De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności

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2015

|

nr 1(1)

169-180

PL

Brak komputera i dostępu do Internetu jest głównym czynnikiem wywołującym zjawisko podziału, a w konsekwencji wykluczenie cyfrowe. Drugim ważnym elementem tego zjawiska jest brak potrzeby korzystania z nowych technologii. Działanie przeciw wykluczeniu cyfrowemu wydaje się konieczne, ponieważ dotyka ono najsłabszych grup społecznych: osób starszych, niepełnosprawnych, długotrwale bezrobotnych, z rodzin dysfunkcyjnych, a także mieszkańców wsi i małych miasteczek. Zapewniając dostęp do Internetu w każdym miejscu naszego kraju i edukację osób zagrożonych można wpływać na zmniejszenie tego negatywnego zjawiska. Inkluzja społeczna ma wpływ na poprawę jakości życia poszczególnych jednostek, a pośrednio wpływa również na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy całego kraju.

EN

The lack of computer and Internet access is a factor that causes division and, consequently, the digital exclusion. Another important element of this phenomenon is lack of need to use new technologies. The action against digital exclusion is so necessary that it affects the most vulnerable groups: the elderly people, disabled, long-term unemployed, dysfunctional families, as well as residents of villages and small towns. Providing access to the Internet in every place of our country and education of people at risk can have an influence on reducing this negative phenomenon. Social inclusion has the effect of improving the quality of life of individuals, and indirectly affects the socio-economic development of the whole country.