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Impact of growth inhibitor Bercema on shoots regrowth of perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot

100%

Wiśniewska-Kadżajan B. , Jankowski K. , Malinowska E. , Sosnowski J. , Kolczarek R.

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tom Vol. 15, nr 2

108--111

EN

In a pot experiment conducted in a greenhouse, the effect of CCC Bercema growth inhibitor to reduce vegetative shoot growth of perennial ryegrass and cocksfoot was studded. The experiment was set up in triplicate. Growth regulator was applied once, in a form of an aqueous solution. The following experimental objects were specified: control object, Bercema with a concentration of 10%, 20% and 30%. Ten measurements were performed every 3 days. The study was conducted under conditions of 12-hour artificial light daily. The results were statistically analyzed using two-factorial variance analysis . It was found that the greatest shoot growth reduction of ryegrass due to the highest inhibitor concentration (B- 30%), but for cocksfoot under the influence of the minimal concentration (B- 10%), compared to the control object. It has been noted that cocksfoot is more sensitive to the applied growth regulator, resulted in significantly greater inhibition of shoot regrowth than for ryegrass. In the experiment with the perennial ryegrass significant differences in the growth of shoots were found under the influence of inhibitor application at a concentration of 30%, compared to the control object. In the case of cocksfoot, all the concentration increases of Bercema inhibitor significantly differentiated the shoots regrowth.

2

The contents of nickel in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as affected by application of multicomponent fertilizers

88%

Draszawka-Bołzan B.

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2013

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tom Vol. 7, iss. 2

139--143

EN

Urbanization is the cause of many changes which is taking place in the environment, including those found in the catchment Three multicomponent fertilizers were applied: Polifoska 8, Polifoska 16 and Polimag 306, at the rates of 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 g N per pot. The total forms of nickel were determined in dry matter of perennial ryegrass with the use of ASA method. The contents of these elements were higher in the fertilized variants as compared to the control. No significant differences were found among the contents of investigated elements compared in plants treated with different multicomponent fertilizers. The increasing rates of nitrogen decreased soil pH and, thereby, enhanced the availability and concentration of heavy metals in perennial ryegrass. A pot experiment on an acid brown soil was conducted in 1998-2001.

3

Możliwości i opłacalność wykorzystania ścieków szarych do nawadniania roślin

63%

Nguyen T. H. , Błażejewski R. , Spychała M.

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tom Vol. 19, nr 6

80--86

PL

Celem badań była ocena wpływu użycia ścieków szarych (surowych i oczyszczonych) do nawadniania trawy (życica trwała, Lolium perenne), wyhodowanej na drobnym piasku, na przyrost biomasy w okresie 4 miesięcy. Zastosowano trzy rodzaje cieczy do nawadniania (woda wodociągowa, surowe ścieki szare i oczyszczone ścieki szare) w na dwóch poziomach dawek częściowych: niskim i wysokim (5 i 15 mm na tydzień), w dawkach całkowitych o wysokości 15, 25, 35 i 45 mm na tydzień. Ścieki surowe z pralki, kąpieli w wannie i mycia rąk charakteryzowały się następującymi wskaźnikami: ChZT - 247 ± 33 mg O2·dm-3, BZT5 - 81 ± 12 mg O2·dm-3, azot całkowity - 7,2 ± 0,9 mg N·dm-3 i fosfor całkowity - 4,7 ± 0,7 mg P·dm-3, zaś ścieki oczyszczone odpowiednio: 81 ± 12 mg O2·dm-3, 23 ± 6 mg O2·dm-3, 4,8 ± 0.9 mg N·dm-3, 2 ± 0,2 mg P·dm-3. Wyniki badań wykazały, że wzrost nadziemnej biomasy jest zależny od całkowitej dawki cieczy w zakresie 15 do 45 mm na tydzień. Średni przyrost biomasy trawy podlewanej wodą wodociągową, ściekami oczyszczonymi i ściekami surowymi dla dawki częściowej 5 mm na tydzień (w ramach dawek całkowitych 15-45 mm na tydzień) wyniósł 40,5 ± 7,5, 39,1 ± 7,3, 42,8 ± 6,0 mg s.m., odpowiednio, a dla dawki częściowej 15 mm na tydzień: 52,6 ± 7,8, 54,0 ± 7,5, 50,3 ± 9,2 mg s.m., odpowiednio. Różnica przyrostu suchej biomasy nawadnianej oczyszczonymi ściekami szarymi dawką częściową 5 mm na tydzień i dawką częściową 15 mm na tydzień (na korzyść tej wyższej) była większa niż dla pozostałych rodzajów cieczy; była też istotna statystycznie (p > 6%). Badania wykazały, że surowe i oczyszczone ścieki szare, mogą stanowić alternatywę dla wody wodociągowej w kontekście nawadniania trawnika, nie wywierając negatywnego wpływu na przyrost biomasy.

EN

The study was conducted on grass (Lolium perenne) grown on fine sand in pots to evaluate the effect of greywater reuse on total dry biomass of grass during 4 months. The experiment has been designed as full factorial with total water load: 15, 25, 35 and 45 mm·week-1. Three categories of irrigation water (tap water, treated greywater, raw greywater) were tested in conditional combination with two levels for each category that is the low and high level at 5 and 15 mm·week-1, respectively. The COD, BOD5, total nitrogen, total phosphorus is 247 ± 33 mg·dm-3, 81 ± 12 mg·dm-3, 7.2 ± 0.9 mg·dm-3, 4.7 ± 0.7 mg·dm-3 of raw greywater and 81 ± 12 mg·dm-3, 23 ± 6 mg·dm-3, 4.8 ± 0.9 mg·dm-3, 2 ± 0.2 mg·dm-3 of treated greywater, respectively. The results showed that the dry biomass yields increase when increasing total irrigation water dose from 15 to 45 mm·week-1. The dry biomass yields at 5 mm·week-1 share of tap water, treated greywater, or raw greywater in total irrigation water doses 15-45 mm·week-1 were equal to 40,5 ± 7,5, 39,1 ± 7,3, 42,8 ± 6,0 mg d.m. and at 15 mm·week-1 partial dose: 52,6 ± 7,8, 54,0 ± 7,5, 50,3 ± 9,2 mg d.m. per pot, respectively. The increase in dry biomass yield of grass irrigated with treated greywater (partial dose from 5 to 15 mm·week-1) was higher and more significant (p = 0.13, 0.06, 0.37) than in the two other cases. The study concludes that treated greywater, raw greywater can be a partial or complete replacement for tap water without compromising ryegrass biomass yield.

4

Effects of soil disturbance and disease on the growth and reproduction of Lolium perenne L. (Poaceae) introduced into semi-natural grasslands

51%

Erneberg M. , Strandberg B. , Strandberg M. , Jensen B. , Weiner J.

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tom Vol. 56, nr 4

593-604

EN

We performed manipulative field experiments to investigate the effects of soil disturbance and exposure to a fungal plant pathogen, Puccinia coronata (Corda), on the establishment and spread of two introduced, cultivated genotypes of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne (L.). The two cultivars of L. perenne with different levels of susceptibility to P. coronata were introduced to grassland sites to investigate whether a plant cultivar selected to resist a pathogen shows better establishment in semi-natural plant communities than a susceptible cultivar. At two sites where L. perenne was already present, the addition of L. perenne seeds had no significant effect on the shoot biomass of the species, indicating that these populations were not seed limited. Exposure to the pathogen resulted in disease, and infected L. perenne populations showed increased shoot biomass over the course of the 3 year experiment and at harvest the final year, but no effect on seed production. Reproductive allocation was not affected by disease exposure in disturbed plots, but decreased in the presence of disease in undisturbed plots. The increased biomass observed in the semi-natural plant communities when exposed to the pathogen contrasts with the reduced biomass observed in garden experiments when the two cultivars of L. perenne were exposed to pathogen attack. The surprising positive effect of P. coronata on biomass in semi-natural communities indicates that processes here are more complex than in more intensively managed production systems.