Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Enhancement of growth and yield of Arachis hypogeae L. using different biofertilizers

100%

Mathivanan J. , Jayaraman P.

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tom 74

EN

The field experiment was conducted in split design with three replicates in Arunagirimangalam village, Thiruvanamalai District to study the effect of groundnut haulm compost of single and combined inoculation of FYM, different biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, Rhizobium) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, biochemical properties and yield of Arachis hypogeae L. The results of this experiment revealed that groundnut haulm with combined inoculation of biofertilizers significantly increased growth, photosynthetic pigments, biochemical and yield parameters of the test crop. Among various combinations, single inoculums of groundnut haulm performed better than control while groundnut haulm with combined inoculation of Rhizobium found better over single inoculation treatments. In general, it could be concluded that groundnut haulm compost and mixed with Rhizobium may be a good tool to improve the crop yield productivity and quantity and soil health.

2

Modern tillage and integrated nutrient management practices for improving soil fertility and productivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under rainfed farming system

100%

Patil S. B. , B.C. B. R. , Chitgupekar S. C. , Patil B. B.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2015

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tom 02

EN

The field experiment was conducted with four tillage and three nutrient management practices at Agronomy field unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The results of the study indicated that, higher groundnut pod yield (1307 and 1282 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2733 and 2889 kg ha-1) was recorded with mechanical tillage + two intercultivations and integrated application of 50% organics and 50% inorganics, respectively as compared to rest of the treatments. Further, the same treatments noticed higher availability of N, P2O5 and K2O in soil after harvest of groundnut, but greater improvement in soil organic carbon content was observed with conventional tillage + one intercultivation (0.62%) as compared to rest of the tillage practices. The maximum net returns and benefit-cost ratio was recorded with mechanical tillage + two intercultivations (Rs. 11,287 ha-1 and 1.75, respectively) and integrated application of 50% organics + 50% inorganics (Rs. 10,462 ha-1 and 1.69, respectively). However, interaction effect of tillage and nutrient management practices were not influenced significantly on soil fertility and productivity of groundnut under rainfed farming system.

3

Control of green rot fungus of Arachis hypogaea L. in orage using plant extracts

100%

Umana E. J. , Akwaji P. I. , Ekpenyong E. M. , Hanson P. I.

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tom 58

EN

The antifungal activity of the ethanolic and aqueous fruit extracts of Zingiber officinale, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Garcinia kola and Cola nitida on the green rot fungus (Penicillium sp.) isolated from infected groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) seeds in storage were investigated in vitro. Various concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic fruit extract ranging from 5g/100ml, 10g/100ml, and 15g/100ml were separately added to Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The fungus was inoculated into the media and incubated for seven days. Results of the in vitro studies showed that the ethanolic extracts had a significant inhibitory effect (p<0.05) on the radial growth of Penicillium sp. at all levels of concentration tested. Complete inhibition of the fungus was at 15g/100ml of ethanolic extracts of Garcinia kola and Tetrapleura tetraptera. The aqueous extracts showed less inhibitory effect as compared to the ethanolic extracts. The effective inhibition of ethanolic extracts as compared to the aqueous extracts may be attributed to the efficiency of the extraction solvent on the phytochemical content of the plant extracts. The application of botanical extracts for disease management could be less expensive, easily available, non-polluting and ecofriendly. The ethanolic fruit extracts of Garcinia kola and Tetrapleura tetraptera at the higher concentrations can be produced in large quantities and used as spray in controlling the green rot fungus of Arachis hypogaea in storage.

4

Modelowanie numeryczne surowców rolno-spożywczych na przykładzie owoców orzecha włoskiego (Juglans regia L.), orzechy podziemnej (Arachis hypogaea L.) i leszczyny pospolitej (Corylus avellana L.)

80%

Anders A. , Kaliniewicz Z. , Markowski P.

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nr 1

PL

Celem pracy było zbudowanie za pomocą skanera 3D modeli numerycznych owoców orzecha włoskiego bez okrywy zewnętrznej, orzechy podziemnej i leszczyny pospolitej, określenie cech geometrycznych owoców na podstawie tych modeli i porównanie z wynikami uzyskanymi za pomocą cyfrowej analizy obrazu, pomiarów suwmiarką oraz piknometrem cieczowym. Średnia masa owocu orzecha włoskiego jest większa od średniej masy owocu orzechy podziemnej o około 84% i od średniej masy owocu leszczyny pospolitej o około 83%. Na podstawie wyników uzyskanych po skanowaniu skanerem 3D wynika, że średnie pole powierzchni owocu orzecha włoskiego jest o 61% większe od średniego pola powierzchni owocu orzechy podziemnej i o 72% większe od średniego pola powierzchni owocu leszczyny pospolitej. Średnia objętość owocu orzecha włoskiego jest o 78% większa od średniej objętości owocu orzechy podziemnej i o 84% większa od średniej objętości owocu leszczyny pospolitej. Modele 3D owoców badanych gatunków uzyskane za pomocą skanera mogą służyć do analizy ich właściwości geometrycznych. Wykonane pomiary ukazują, że mierzenie długości, szerokości i grubości suwmiarką i skanerem 3D daje podobne wyniki, które nie różnią się istotnie od siebie przy założonym do obliczeń poziomie istotności α = 0,05. Wyniki pomiarów i obliczeń cech geometrycznych uzyskane na podstawie zdjęć badanych owoców orzechów różnią się istotnie w większości przypadków od wyników uzyskanych za pomocą suwmiarki oraz skanera 3D. Zbudowane modele numeryczne mogą zostać zarchiwizowane i w dowolnym momencie wykorzystane do dalszej analizy kształtu za pomocą odpowiedniego oprogramowania komputerowego.

EN

The aim of the study was to use a 3D scanner to develop numerical models of walnuts, hazelnuts and peanuts, to define geometric features of nuts based on these models, and to compare them against findings from digital image analysis, and measurements taken with a calliper and a pycnometer. The mean weight of a walnut is about 84% greater than the mean weight of a peanut, and about 83% greater than the mean weight of a hazelnut. Results from 3D scanning indicated that the mean surface area of a walnut is 61% larger than that of a peanut and 72% larger than that of a hazelnut. The mean volume of a walnut is 78% greater than that of a peanut and 84% greater than that of a hazelnut. 3D models of walnuts obtained by scanning can be used for the analysis of geometric properties. Measurements of nuts’ length, width and thickness taken with a calliper and 3D scanner provide similar results, and the differences are not statistically significant at α = 0.05. The use of a calliper is the simplest and fastest method of measurement. Findings from measurements and calculations of geometric properties obtained based on the image analysis of examined nuts are significantly different in most cases from findings obtained using a calliper or 3D scanner. The developed numerical models of nuts can be archived and used at any time for further analysis of shape by suitable computer software.

5

Orzechy arachidowe [Arachis hypogaea] - popularne zrodlo alergii pokarmowej

80%

Wroblewska B. , Jedrychowski L.

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nr 4

104-113

PL

W pracy przedstawiono możliwość zastosowania testu immunoreaktywnego RIDASCREEN® Peanut firmy R-Biopharm do oznaczania zawartości podstawowego alergenu orzechów arachidowych, Ara h 1 w surowcach roślinnych i wyrobach cukierniczych. Ogółem analizie metodą sandwich ELISA poddano 19 próbek (9 stanowiły surowce roślinne zaś 10 czekolady, batoniki i kremy do smarowania pieczywa). Obecność Ara h 1 stwierdzono we wszystkich produktach cukierniczych, również w tych, w których składzie producent nie deklarował dodatku orzechów arachidowych. Wśród wybranych surowców roślinnych trzy z nich (migdały - Amygdalus communis, soja - Glycine max, owies - Avena) zareagowały z przeciwciałem skierowanym do Ara h 1.

EN

Possibilities of applying immunoreactive R1DASCREEN® Peanut test (firm R-Biopharm) to determine the main peanut allergen Ara h 1 content in raw plant material and sweet confectionery were described in the present work. The 19 samples were estimated by sandwich ELISA method (9 raw materials 10 chocolate products, chocolate bars and sweet cream spreads). The Ara h 1 was presente in all sweet confectionery samples, even in those, which were not declared to contain it. Three raw materials (almond - Amygdalus communis, soy - Glycine max, oat - Avena) cross reacted with Ara h 1 antibody.

6

Abundance and community structure of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria in response to peanut growth under controlled condition in Shandong, China

80%

Huang C. , Xu N. , Fu Z. , Sun B. , You S. , Ma D. , Yu J.

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nr 6

EN

Based on a three-year field experiment under controlled condition in Ji’nan, China, the effects of peanut growth on the variation in the abundance and community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) before and after peanut growth were investigated through quantitative PCR and cluster analysis of terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our results show that the community composition of AOA and AOB was greatly affected by the peanut growth leading to the decreased abundance of AOA and increased abundance of AOB. Furthermore, AOA and AOB community structures varied before and after peanut growth. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all AOA and AOB community sequences were clustered into the uncultured group. Altogether, the results suggested that the abundance of AOA and AOB in soil and their community compositions can be greatly affected by the peanut growth.

7

Peanut allergenicity and cross-reactivity with pea proteins in the in vivo model

80%

Szymkiewicz A. , Chudzik-Kozlowska J.

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tom 63

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nr 1

EN

The aim of the study was to analyse the potential pea-peanut cross-reactivity using the mice BALB/c as a biological in vivo model in the research on immune response to peanut proteins (PnE). BALB/c mice were three-fold sensitised (on days 1, 7, and 21) by oral or intraperitoneal (IP) administration of PnE in 0.5 mg or 1 mg dose, with or without adjuvant – aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum). Serum immunoglobulins (IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a) and level of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IFN- γ), secreted by the isolated lymphocytes were examined. The highest increase in total IgE and peanut-specific IgG1 was noted in the group sensitised by IP administration of PnE in the presence of Alum. Lymphocytes from peanut-sensitised (with and without Alum) mice showed a significantly high level of IL-4 and this cytokine was secreted to a much higher extent as compared to IFN-γ. Stimulation of a culture of lymphocytes with pea proteins resulted in high IFN-γ secretion. A weak reaction of peanut-specific IgG1 present in mice serum with pea globulins (vicilin – PV and legumin – PL) can suggest that the cross-reactivity between peanut and pea proteins results from the presence of proteins other than 7S and 11S globulins. Due to the demonstrated low cross-reactivity between peanut proteins and pea globulins, the possibility of applying pea proteins in peanut-allergy immunotherapy may be suggested.

8

Jakosc prazonych orzeszkow ziemnych pakowanych w modyfikowanej atmosferze [MAP]

80%

Ucherek M.

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nr 2

113-120

PL

Celem podjętych badań była kompleksowa analiza zmian jakości przechowywanych orzeszków ziemnych, pakowanych w nowoczesne laminaty w modyfikowanej atmosferze (MAP). Analizowano zmiany zawartości O2 w opakowaniu oraz zmiany cech sensorycznych i fizykochemicznych produktów w zależności od rodzaju opakowania i okresu przechowywania. Stwierdzono, że zmiany zawartości tlenu w stosowanych opakowaniach charakteryzowały się zbliżonym przebiegiem, niezależnie od rodzaju ich producenta. W czasie przechowywania zaobserwowano zmiany jakości tłuszczu w produkcie, czego przejawem były głównie wzrost liczby nadtlenkowej i pogorszenie walorów smakowo-zapachowych.

EN

The aim of this complex analysis was to estimate the changes of the quality of storage peanuts in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The changes in oxygen content in packaging as well as the changes of sensorial and physico-chemical characteristics of product were examined with relation to kind of packaging materials and the storage period. According obtained results it can be said that changes in oxygen content in packages have similar course independently of their producer. During storage period quality of fat content in the product has changed as the peroxide value grown up and taste and smell values deteriorate.

9

Methods of allergen detection based on DNA analysis

61%

Słowianek M. , Majak I.

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tom Vol. 75, nr 2

39-44

EN

Many allergens, such as hazelnut, peanut, charlock, celery, sesame, lupine, walnut, almond, macadamia nut, hickory, pistachio, wheat gliadins, may be present in food products, however, undeclared or as unintentional additives. Due to the growing number of allergic reactions, it is crucial to have fast, reliable methods of allergen detection in processed food products. This review summarizes the recent methods of allergen detection in food products based on PCR reactions, namely PCR-ELISA, Real-time PCR, PCR-PNA-HPLC, Duplex PCR and Multiplex Real-time PCR, describing their principles, applications, detection limits, drawbacks and advantages.

10

Mangan,miedz,cynk i zelazo w importowanych orzechach,migdalach,rodzynkach i kakao

51%

Falandysz J. , Kotecka W.

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nr 4

285-287

PL

Metodą AAS oznaczono zawartość Mn, Cu, Zn i Fe w importowanych w latach 1987 -1989 orzechach laskowych, włoskich, ziemnych (arachidowych), brazylijskich (para), pistacjowych i kokosowych (wiórki), migdałach, ziarnie kakaowym, kakao, ziarnie sezamowym i rodzynkach.

EN

Using flame AAS, manganese, copper, zinc, and iron content was assayed in nuts (walnuts, hazelnuts, Brasil-nuts, peanuts, and pistachic), almonds, cocoa beans, cocoa powder, sesame seed and raisins imported into Poland in 1987-88. In nuts and seeds, the following concentrations of metals were found: manganese - 6.0 - 79 (5.2 - 120) mg/kg, copper - 7.6 - 40 (4.7 - 70) mg/kg, zinc - 17 - 150 (16 - 400) mg/kg, and iron - 17 - 160 (11 - 300) mg/kg while in raisins average concentrations of metals as follows were determined: 3.5, 2.8, 3.9, and 35 mg/kg, respectively.