Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

On the theoretical and terminological premises for researching peace operations

100%

Ivančík R. , Jurčák V.

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nr 1

24-44

EN

The high dynamics of the changes in the security environment, deepening globalisation, and the growth of current and new, predominantly asymmetric, threats make permanent new demands on international society and require new more complex approaches towards the issue. One of the most significant tools the international community has for keeping peace and security on an international level, restraining centres of tension, consolidating or stabilising relations in crisis areas, and multilateral reconstruction and restoration of countries after armed conflicts, is represented by peace operations within international crisis management. Peace operations have changed a lot throughout the last fifty years, and today, unlike in the past, they represent highly complex, dynamic, demanding and multidimensional activities. Therefore, the main aim of the authors is to point out the significance of a theoretical and terminological basis for research in the field of peace operations.

2

Providing transport capacity for peace operations in Africa

100%

Jacuch A. , Rychlewski P. , Sokołowski W.

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

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2020

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tom R. XIV

109--133

EN

The article is aimed at question how nations can better support the United Nations missions in Africa with focus on their transport operations, including military support and commercial transport. The intention is to fill a gap in literature on the most needed specialist enablers – military transport.

3

WSPÓŁCZESNE TRENDY UDZIAŁU UKRAINY W OPERACJACH POKOJOWYCH ONZ

75%

JAMCZUK A.

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nr Nr 4(2)

102-111

PL

W artykule przeprowadzono analizę doświadczeń Ukrainy i jej uczestnictwa w operacjach wsparcia pokoju realizowanych przez Organizacje Narodów Zjednoczonych. Autorka bada chronologiczne i regionalne aspekty udziału wojsk ukraińskich w operacjach ONZ. Od czasu uzyskania niepodległości, Ukraina była zaangażowana w misjach wsparcia pokoju, które działają w Bośni i Hercegowinie, Kosowie, Libanie, Afganistanie, Gruzji, Macedonii, Wschodniej Slawonii, półwyspie Prevlaka, Gwatemali, Angoli, Etiopii i Erytrei, Sierra Leone, Liberii, Demokratycznej Republice Konga, Wybrzeże Kości Słoniowej, Sudanu. Ukraińcy służyli pod flagą ONZ praktycznie we wszystkich gorących rejonach konfliktów, gdzie lokowały się misje pokojowe organizacji. Artykuł przedstawia krótki opis udziału ukraińskich sił pokojowych w niektórych misjach, określa się ich liczbę, zadanie, sukces lub niepowodzenia. Część artykułu dotyczy kwestii podstawy prawnej działań Ukrainy w międzynarodowych operacjach pokojowych. Główną uwagę poświęcono Ustawie Ukrainy „O udziale Ukrainy w międzynarodowych operacjach pokojowych i bezpieczeństwa”.

EN

The article shows the analysis of the Ukrainian experiences and participation in the peacekeeping operations carried out by the United Nations Organisation. The authoress studies the chronological and regional aspects of the Ukrainian army’s participation in the UNO operations. Since Ukraine gained independence, it has been engaged in peace-keeping missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Lebanon, Afghanistan, Georgia, Ma-cedonia, East Slavonia, Prevlaka peninsula, Guatemala, Angola, Ethiopia and Eritrea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast or Sudan. The Ukrainians served almost in all hot conflict regions with the UNO. The article presents a short de-scription of the participation of the Ukrainian peace forces in some missions, defines their amount, aims, successes or failures. A part of the article concerns the issue of the legal bases of the Ukrainian actions in the international peacekeeping operations. The main attention is paid to the Ukrainian Act “On participation of Ukraine in international peacekeeping operations”.

4

Kontyngenty Wojska Polskiego w międzynarodowych operacjach pokojowych i stabilizacyjnych prowadzonych pod przywództwem Stanów Zjednoczonych

63%

Kozerawski D.

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tom 70

41-61

EN

In the elaboration, problems concerning Polish Military Contingents’ participation in international peace and stabilization operations conducted under the United States’ leadership were introduced. The tasks, assignment range and quantitative scale of Polish participation in peace support operations were introduced before and after joining NATO by Poland. Besides, the strategic chances and threats were indicated in aspect of the participation of Polish Armed Forces in operations led by the USA. Additionally, the significant part of the author’s opinion was based on the field researches in zones of war-activities and areas of stabilization during the NATO operation in Balkans (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo), in Afghanistan and Iraq – conducted under the United States’ leadership.

PL

W niniejszym opracowaniu zostały przedstawione zagadnienia dotyczące zaangażowania polskich kontyngentów wojskowych w międzynarodowe operacje pokojowe i stabilizacyjne prowadzone pod przywództwem Stanów Zjednoczonych. Przybliżone zostały zadania, stan zaangażowania ilościowego w te operacje przed i po akcesji Polski do NATO. Ponadto wskazane zostały szanse i zagrożenia strategiczne wynikające z udziału Sił Zbrojnych RP w operacjach kierowanych przez USA. Należy dodać, iż znacząca część opinii autora została oparta na wynikach badań terenowych prowadzonych w strefach działań wojennych oraz stabilizacyjnych podczas operacji stabilizacyjnych na Bałkanach (Bośnia i Hercegowina, Kosowo), w Afganistanie i Iraku – prowadzonych pod przywództwem Stanów Zjednoczonych.

5

Polskie jednostki logistyczne w operacjach pokojowych Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych w latach 1973-1944

63%

Kozerawski D.

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2005

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tom nr 2(59)

162-172

EN

Polish military contingents taking part in international peace operations (in the Middle East, Namibia, Cambodia and the Persian Gulf) in 1973-1994 have been introduced in the article. Moreover, the strength and organisational structures of Polish peace logistic units are presented. The tasks conducted by particular peace contingents are another issue discussed in the article. The conclusions are based on unpublished archival historical sources, as well as current Polish and foreign literature on the subject.

6

Polityczno-militarna ocena udziału Stanów Zjednoczonych w operacji stabilizacyjnej w Iraku w latach 2003-2008

63%

Wiliams R. M.

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tom nr 3(72)A Numer specjalny

42-58

7

Żandarmeria Wojskowa w misjach pokojowych i stabilizacyjnych

63%

Pacek B.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2007

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tom nr 2(67)

232-243

EN

In this article the Author tries to show how the Military Police works in the stabilization and peacekeeping missions. Also the aspects of ensuring security and public order in these operations are presented. The basic facts related to the participation of the MP in some operations in order to keep peace are shown. The Author explains also the evolution of the MP component from a small element of the Polish Military Contingent within the national and multinational structures to a separate Polish Military Contingent of the Military Police in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Moreover, the influence of the stabilization and peacekeeping operations on the MP role in the peacekeeping military units is analyzed and the main tasks of ensuring security and public order are presented.

8

Polityczno-militarna ocena udziału Wielkiej Brytanii w operacji stabilizacyjnej w Iraku w latach 2003-2008

63%

Plumridge C.

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tom nr 3(72)A Numer specjalny

59-66

9

Rola organizacji międzynarodowych w prowadzeniu operacji pokojowych w Azji i Afryce

63%

Makowski A.

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tom nr 1(58)

45-60

EN

The problem of peace operations has been dominated recently by the Balkan experiences, thus the peace activities in other regions of the world have been moved into the background. Therefore the analysis of these issues in regard to regional engagement comes up with interesting conclusions. Especially due to the fact that Asia and Africa lead in the number of war and conflicts’ casualties and North East Asia is currently considered the most dangerous region of the world where probable armed conflicts may break out. The scale and effects of the UN involvement in crisis management in Asia and Africa has been discussed in the article. The specific character of the armed conflicts appearing there has been stressed and consequently a multi-staged scheme of UN peace operations. One of the examples of UN flexible approach towards crisis management in Africa and Asia is the activation of regional co-operation. Regional organisations have become an active player on the field of counteracting conflicts. The role of African and Asian regional organisations has been shown in the article and a number of new developments and experiences employed in the co-operation with the UN have been stressed (particularly in the area of combat operations techniques). At the same time the practice to combat armed conflicts in recent years has shown that the UN has lost its monopoly in this area. New players emerged on African and Asian arenas: NATO, EU, regional organisations and coalitions organised ad hoc to react to regional armed conflicts that are frequently able to employ forces exceeding the Blue Helmets’ potential. This enforces the co-ordination of activities and co-operation of international organisations with other forces basing on the established, multi-staged peace operations’ scheme functioning in the UN.

10

Rola oficerów prasowych podczas operacji stabilizacyjnej w Iraku

63%

Antczak A.

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tom nr 3(72)A Numer specjalny

218-236

11

Misja Unii Europejskiej : EUFOR Tchad/RCA w Republice Czadu i Republice Środkowoafrykańskiej

63%

Wysota B.

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tom nr 2(71)

302-322

EN

In January 2008 the European Union launched a peace operation - EUFOR Tchad/RCA in the Republic of Chad and Central African Republic. Acting in accordance with the mandate set out in United Nations Security Council and the EU Council’s decision, the European Forces started their one-year long mission. The EUFOR was tasked to protect and assist all aspects of presence of the African Union’s and nited Nations’ forces which provide humanitarian assistance to thousands of Sudanese refugees from neigh bouring Darfur. The article as the result of operational capabilities research of conducting independent military and policing operations within the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) is an analysis of EU actions in the Republic of Chad and Central African Republic. The aim of the article is to present legal basis to deploy the armed forces of EU countries in the Republic of Chad and Central African Republic, the Polish Armed Forces including, to analyse tasks imposed on the European military contingent, to present a current political situation in Chad which implies the EUFOR Tchad/RCA mission, to sum up the present state of the mission engagement in the theatre of operations. The author also wanted to draw conclusions from the first months of the mission in the context of challenges that the EU forces have to face on location (instable internal situation of the countries, lack of local administration infrastructure, transport and logistic challenges, specific climate conditions, lack of electricity or running water). The most important conclusions refer to defining the effectiveness sources and the effectiveness of the EU operations of this type in the future (capability of long distance airlift of forces, effective system of mission support, coalition forces’ interoperability, fast decision making process and information advantage).

12

Planowanie i organizowanie operacji pokojowych według poglądów NATO

63%

Motacki K.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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1998

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tom nr 4(33)

170-177

EN

This article is based on materials used during the NATO/PdP staff officers course which was held under the SHAPE auspices at the Netherlands Defence College in Holland in October 1997. The author has discussed political and military aspects of peace operations planning and organising peace operations taking into account the potentials and ways to use different military services and branches. There has been also considered a specific character of international forces actions including actions of NATO forces and also forces not belonging to the Alliance. The realisation of peace operations while redeployment, task conducting, personnel rotation and ending the mission have been discussed.

13

Kategorie i typy operacji pokojowych

51%

Paszkowski K.

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tom nr 3(32)

71-96

EN

On the background of contemporary international peace missions system and characteristics of trends dominating in it, the article presents an analysis and comparison of the most important terms used to define peace operations (terms used in UN and NATO documents, in American, Canadian, British and Russian rules). Ascertaining the lack of one uniform definition of peace operations, the author attempts to define this notion in general, stressing these characteristics of peace operations which differentiate them from any other intervention actions. Then, using the criterion of the possibility to use force, the author distinguishes four categories of peace operations: mediation and observation; military presence; strengthened military presence and military intervention.

14

Rola sił pokojowych ONZ w wojnie w Bośnii Hercegowinie (1992–1995) – wybrane zagadnienia

51%

Szczesio S. L.

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nr 101

191-207

EN

One of the biggest challenges for the international community at the beginning of 1990s became an issue of dissolution of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In June 1991, Slovenia and Croatia declared independence, and Yugoslav federation had in fact collapsed. A bloody war broke out in Croatia, and in February 1992 the United Nations Security Council adopted resolution to send the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to this country. But soon there appeared a new problem for Europe and America – tensions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia was the most ethnically-mixed republic in Yugoslavia. In March 1992 UNPROFOR headquarters was established in the Bosnian capital – Sarajevo, which was chosen as a neutral location. But in April 1992 tensions in this country exploded into a bloody war. The „blue helmets” tasks were e.g. protection of Sarajevo airport, humanitarian relief convoys and six safe areas, including Srebrenica and Sarajevo. During the war in Bosnia, UNPROFOR had many failures, such as the fall of Srebrenica and the use of soldiers as hostages to protect the Serbs from attacks from NATO air. Eventually, thanks to the active role of the American diplomacy and the success of the Croat-Muslim coalition it was possible to force all parties of the conflict to negotiate the ending of the war in November 1995.

PL

Jednym z największych wyzwań dla społeczności międzynarodowej na początku lat dziewięćdziesiątych XX w. była kwestia rozpadu Socjalistycznej Federacyjnej Republiki Jugosławii. W czerwcu 1991 r. Słowenia i Chorwacja ogłosiły niepodległość, a federacja jugosłowiańska faktycznie upadła. W Chorwacji wybuchła krwawa wojna, a w lutym 1992 r. Rada Bezpieczeństwa ONZ przyjęła rezolucję o wysłaniu Sił Ochronnych Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych (UNPROFOR) do tego kraju. Wkrótce jednak pojawił się nowy problem dla Europy i Ameryki – napięcia w Bośni i Hercegowinie. Bośnia była najbardziej zróżnicowaną etnicznie republiką w Jugosławii. W marcu 1992 r. kwatera główna UNPROFOR powstała w stolicy Bośni – Sarajewie, które zostało wybrane jako neutralna lokalizacja. Jednak w kwietniu 1992 r. napięcie w tym państwie przerodziło się w konflikt zbrojny. Zadaniem „błękitnych hełmów” była np. ochrona portu lotniczego w Sarajewie, konwojów z pomocą humanitarną oraz sześciu „stref bezpieczeństwa”, w tym Srebrenicy i Sarajewa. Podczas wojny w Bośni UNPROFOR poniósł wiele porażek, takich jak upadek Srebrenicy i użycie żołnierzy jako zakładników do ochrony Serbów przed atakami NATO z powietrza. Ostatecznie, dzięki aktywnej roli amerykańskiej dyplomacji oraz sukcesom koalicji chorwacko-muzułmańskiej, okazało się możliwe zmuszenie wszystkie stron konfliktu do wynegocjowania zakończenia wojny w listopadzie 1995 r.

15

Przedstawiciele Wojska Polskiego w Misji Dobrych Usług ONZ w Afganistanie i Pakistanie oraz w Grupie Obserwatorów Wojskowych ONZ w Iranie i Iraku

44%

Zuziak J.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2008

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tom nr 3(72)

300-314

EN

The Polish Armed Forces have been actively participating in International missions and peace operations for 56 years. The main tasks of these undertakings is to ease International tensions, resolve violent conflicts, preventive protection of brokered earlier ceasefire, truce, as well as observation activities etc. Peace operations are one of the major mechanisms of solving conflicts which pose threat to peace and world security, and at the same time are a permanent and extremely important element of international politics. The author of the article presents Poland’s engagement in two observation missions. The first one is the United Nations Observer Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP) in 1988 - 1990 set up after a few years’ war in Afghanistan. Ten countries delegated their representatives to participate in UNGOMAP, The observers’ work concentrated mainly on three essential tasks: monitoring of non-interference and non- intervention by the parties; monitoring of the Soviet troops’ withdrawal from Afghanistan; monitoring the voluntary return of refugees. The second part of the article focuses on the work of Polish officers within United Nations Iran - Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIMOG) established after Iran - Iraq war in 1980 - 1988. The UN Secretary General defined the mandate observers’ task in the following way: (a) to establish with the parties agreed ceasefire lines on the basis of the forward defended localities occupied by the two sides on D-Day but adjusting these, as may be agreed, when the positions of the two sides were judged to be dangerously close to each other; (b) to monitor compliance with the ceasefire; (c) to investigate any alleged violations of the ceasefire and restore the situation if a violation took place; (d) to prevent, through negotiation, any other change in the status quo, pending withdrawal of all forces to the internationally recognized boundaries; (e) to supervise, verify and confirm the withdrawal of all forces to the internationally recognized boundaries; (f) thereafter, to monitor the ceasefire on the internationally recognized boundaries, investigate alleged violations and prevent, through negotiation, any other change in the status quo, pending negotiation of a comprehensive settlement; (g) to obtain the agreement of the parties to other arrangements which, pending negotiation of a comprehensive settlement, could help to reduce tension and build confidence between them, such as the establishment of areas of separation of forces on either side of the international border, limitations on the number and calibre of weapons to be deployed in areas close to the international border, and patrolling by United Nations naval personnel of certain sensitive areas in or near the Shatt al-Arab.