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EN
Restoration of grassland sward is aimed mostly at improving their production and quality of obtained fodder. There are two legumes and three grasses species in deteriorated sward - preservation by means of reasonable management and fertilisation or with the aid of oversowing i.e. by introducing seeds of valuable grasses and legumes into existing sward. The oversowing experiments have been conducted on pasture in mountainous region site. Orchard grass appeared to be a species of highest production (28% of total) among grasses initially used and its rate has been increasing for consecutive years up to 50% of total in fifth year. The maximum proportion for white clover was 24% and for birdsfoot trefoil 18%. Both mineral fertilisation and oversowing appeared to improve production of pastures. Limited nitrogen fertilisation together with oversowing has resulted in its 25-33% rise. As regards undersowed pasture objects the best result was observed in the perennial ryegrass and white clover sward.
2
Content available Aspekty energetyczne w uzytkowaniu pastwisk gorskich
100%
|
1995
|
tom 423
283-287
PL
Na bazie tzw "agroforestrów" praca przedstawia zintegrowany sposób użytkowania pastwisk górskich.
EN
New system of integrated using mountain pastures was described. The system consists in integration of sheep grazing with planting of different secies trees. The trees serve as protective elements of the pasture when used for grazing, then, after cutting, as the source of fuel energy.
13
75%
EN
In Polish Carpathian Mountains the grasslands localised at the higher location are frequently used as a pasture usually by large sheep's herds. A sward of those pastures belongs to the unit of Lolio-Cynosuretum characterized by strong degradation. It shows among others unfavourable floristic composition with a large number of Nardus stricta. With higher elevation above the sea level, there is more low-valued grass and equally low-valued bifoliate plants in the sward. Improvement of such sward by agronomic practices with proper mineral fertilization is possible and effective but very costly. In the mountains it is connected with possibility of occurring soil erosion. Therefore, one must seek others non-technical methods to trans form pasture sward. In the work results were shown which were obtained by application of grass seeds and papilionaceous directly to the sward in the farm in which sheep spent the night at population of one piece per 1 sq. meter. It was found that organic fertilization alone with fresh excrements as well as introduced species (particularly Dactylis glomerata and Festuca pratensis) in the significant manner changes yields and the florists composition. The greatest favourable changes occurred in the first 2-3 years from the date of oversowing. In this time the yields from different combinations were many times higher than obtained from control plots (0.9 t ha⁻¹). The organic fertilization alone caused yield increase up to 3.95 t ha⁻¹ of dry matter (DM) in the second year and 2.58 t ha⁻¹ (DM) in the third year of investigation. The organic fertilization connected with oversowing contributed to the further plant production increase. For example in the case of oversowing with Festuca pratensis yields in the same years amounted 5.14 and 4.85 t ha⁻¹, for Phleum pratense 5.7 and 3.3 t ha⁻¹ of (DM) respectively. Unfortunately with elapsing time introduced species withdrew from the ward, which caused also the total yield decrease and recession of the florists composition. However, the yield decrease was significantly different. In the last year of investigations yields were in the range from 1.0 to slightly above 2.0 t ha⁻¹ of (DM). The higher yields were obtained with seedlings of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis and with mixtures in which the above species were dominant.
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