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tom 46
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nr 3
409-410
EN
Up to now, the co-occurrence of parasites sensu stricto and fungi were confirmed mostly in the orał cavity. The aim of the present parallel parasitological and mycological investigations was to determine co-occurrence of protozoa, helminths and fungi (parasites sensu lato) both in smears from cavity and in stool samples of 93 patients undergoing the non-parasitological treatment in two hospitals of Lower Silesia (Poland). Among the examined patients parasites sensu lato (13 species) were found in 62 cases (63%). Trofozoites of Trichomonas tenax and/or Entamoeba gingivalis as well as fungi (Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. pseudotropicalis) occurred in 10% of the examined patients. Almost all infected cases (90%) were joined with infection of common invasion of protozoa and fungi. In stool common invasion of parasites sensu lato (Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba coli, Ascaris lumbricoides, Taenia sp., Enterobius vermicularis as well as Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. pseudotropicalis, C. guilliermondii and Rhodotorula sp.) were found in 12% of the patiens. The co-occurrence of parasites and fungi was stated in the half of invasions. C. albicans was the most often co-occurring species in alimentary tract.
EN
Frequency of human parasites in selected populations of Silesian region. Epidemiological evaluation of the most frequent human parasitoses in the group of children at age of seven years, in adult patients and in group of Polish citizens coming back from tropics between 1999-2003 was performed. All examined people were Silesian region inhabitants. The biggest average infection prevalence in children from all examined years concerned Enterobius vermicularis, in adult - Giardia intestinalis, while in group of population coming back from tropics - Entamoeba histolytica-like. High percentage of anti-Toxocara canis and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies presence can result from non randomly study group recruitment.
6
Content available Wrażliwość Trichomonas vaginalis na wysychanie
75%
EN
Twelve strains of T. vaginalis were tested for their sensitivity to dessication at room temperature. Each of them, in the quantity of 0.5 cm³ of 36 hrs old culture (containing 2.5 mln cells) was placed in 5 sterilized tubes containing 2:5 cm³ of: sterilized Roiron medium, urine, 0.9% NaCl, tap water and distilled water. After shaking, the suspension of Trichomonas of each tube in the quantity of 0.15 cm³ was placed on depression slides. The slides were then placed in sterilized, not tightly covered Petri dishes, which were kept at room temperature. The suspension of 3 slides was examined under microscope and inoculated on Roiron medium prior to complete dessication. The same procedure was followed with respect to the fourth slide but only after the suspension had, dried. The suspension remaining in the tube (2.4 cm³) served as control. The experiment showed that in a drop of 0.9% NaCl, urine and Roiron medium, Trichomonas remains active for 120 min. When transferred to Roiron medium within that time, Trichomonas reproduces in a normal way which was not observed after a transfer from the suspension dried up. In a drop of water Trichomonas loses its ability to reproduce within a time shorter than 120 min. The results speak in favour of a possibility of a non-sexual infection with Trichomonas.
EN
General data in the world of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in human hosts, were presented. In addition, particular distribution of parasite in Asia, Oceania, Australia and America were described.
EN
From 1976 to 2000, were examined 2828 children for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. Investigations were made by means of a standard coprological methods, Graham's method and immunoenzymatic method (Prospect Giardia) for the presence of coproantigen of Giardia. The following parasites were detected in 1299 children: Giardia lamblia 1,3%, Ascaris lumbricoides 3,0%, Trichuris trichiura 7,8%, Enterobius vermicularis 40.5%. The parasites were found most frequently in children from a home for mentally handicapped. The number of infected among children inhabiting country was higher than among those from the towns. There was no significant difference between boys and girls.
PL
Przedstawiono opis procedur zaadaptowanych do izolacji i wykrywania DNA pasożytów z rodzaju Dirofilaria w materiale izolowanym od ludzi i przechowywanym w: etanolu (24 tygodnie), formalinie (46 tygodni) lub zatopionym w bloczkach parafinowych (25 tygodni). Najwyższą czułość PCR obserwowano dla próbek DNA uzyskanych z robaków przechowywanych w etanolu, a najniższą dla próbek pochodzących z materiału przechowywanego w formalinie. Izolacja DNA z pasożyta utrwalonego w formalinie była trudniejsza niż w wypadku pozostałych preparatów, a produkty jego powielania były wykrywalne tylko w Real Time PCR. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują, że metody molekularne są stosunkowo łatwym w użyciu sposobem identyfikacji nicieni z rodzaju Dirofilaria obecnych w materiale klinicznym utrwalonym na różne sposoby. Wskazane jest niestosowanie formaliny do przechowywania materiału, który ma być użyty do diagnostyki opartej o PCR.
EN
Procedures for DNA extraction and amplification were modified to allow identification of Dirofilaria nematodes surgically removed from human tissues. Worm samples stored in: ethanol (24 weeks), formalin (46 weeks) or paraffin blocks (25weeks) were examined. Fragments of two ribosomal DNA regions (5.8S-ITS2-28S, 5SrRNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene were used as diagnostic markers. The highest PCR sensitivity was observed for DNA obtained from the worm preserved in ethanol, while the nucleic acid extracted form the parasite stored in formalin yielded the lowest PCR sensitivity. DNA extraction from the parasite preserved in formalin was more time consuming than DNA extraction from the remaining samples. Furthermore, the amplification of DNA isolated from the formaldehyde preserved worm allowed for identification of the parasite species only when the mitochondrial marker was used in Real Time PCR, and the amount of the obtained product was close to the detection limit. Species identification of the worms stored in the paraffin block and in ethanol was possible with both traditional and Real Time PCR. All analyzed worms were identified as D. repens which confirmed the species identification based on morphological features. The results show that molecular methods are relatively simple to use and suitable for identification of Dirofilaria sp. nematodes present in clinical material. Formalin is not suitable for storing material intended for molecular tests.
XX
The activity of IgG, IgM and IgE antibodies to somatic antigen of Trichinella spiralis in the sera of patients with trichinellosis at various intervals after infection was examined by means of ELISA. Mathematical analysis of the dose-response curves was used. Elevated level of IgG and IgM antibodies of relatively high avidity and of rather low IgE avidity was documented. Amount or avidity ofIgG antibodies was found to be most useful for the diagnosis of trichinellosis (85% positive results in patients' sera). The isotype of IgM avidity constitutes a better diagnostic value than the amount of it (60% and 35% of positive results, respectively).
EN
The article reviews the problems on epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and gives a detailed description of the massive waterborne outbreak in Milwaukee (Wisconsin, USA) associated with a break in filtration capacity of a public water supply. The authors emphasize the need for high-quality diagnostic procedures as current coprodiagnostic microscopical techniques seemed to fail to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts.
EN
Two commercial faecal antigen tests, based on Giardia specific antigens, were compared with traditional microscopical examination of faeces in 40 clinical patients, including 14 patients with a confirmed Giardia infection as well as in a survey among 96 children in four day care centers. The results obtained with these faecal antigen tests were not much better than by using traditional microscopy by a well trained parasitologist. Specific Giardia antigen (GSA 65) has been still detected in faeces up to day 4th after treatment of giardiosis, when microscopical examination of faeces was already for a few days negative. The Giardia antigen detection test was not very useful in examining the unconcentrated duodenal content.
19
Content available Uklad Giardia - zywiciel: zmiennosc obrazu inwazji
63%
EN
In man, as well as in many species of vertebrates there exist several populations of Giardia duodenalis group which, though morphologically indistinguishable, show different level of heterogenicity in several characteristics, a. o. in surface antigens, isoenzyme make-up, RFLP, invasiveness for different hosts or pattern of experimental infection. Also the clinical observations in man distinctly suggested that G. intestinalis comprises several different populations. In the course of giardiosis apparent variability in clinical manifestations can be observed. In many patients the infection is symptomless and resolves spontaneously and in some others – variable intensity of symptoms is observed. Most likely both the parasit's characteristics and the host's feature will determine the clinical character of infection. It is well known that in some cases it is the host that responsible for the symptoms of the infection. Thus, for instance, clinical giardiosis links with immunodeficiency, malnutrition or young age. There are also evidences that some Giardia isolates have enhanced potency to provoke the disease of the host. It is considered that the variable pattern of the infection may be related to three different factors in host-parasite relationship: extra- and intrapopulation variability of Giardia isolates, the microenvironmental factors of the host's intestine, and the variable immune response of the host. The author describes data on the two first factors.
EN
The distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in human host in Africa and Europe were described.
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