Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Poznańska leksyka regionalna w świetle koncepcji geografii myślenia Richarda E. Nisbetta

100%

Piotrowicz A. , Witaszek-Samborska M.

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nr 29

27-36

EN

This article is an attempt to use the Richard Nisbett’s observations (the differences in the structure of parts of speech in the languages of East and West) to the Polish language and Poznań regional vocabulary. The analysis applies only to the lexical system, rather than the structure of words in texts. Studies confirm that the Polish language lexical system - both general and regional - is close to the languages of the West.

2

Glosa do terminu wyrażenia funkcyjne

92%

Wróbel H.

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nr Numer Specjalny

173-179

EN

The goal of the paper is to verify a set of expressions which should be considered functional. Accepting M. Grochowski’s 1997 general characterization of functional expressions relating to the semanticsyntactic plane, the present author also upholds, from 1995, that the term “functional expression” ought to apply as well to expressions which fulfill auxiliary roles in the creation of the formal syntactic structure of utterances. These are those components of multi-word linguistic units which are bereft of individual meaning, and are synonymous with semantically full lexemes belonging to various parts of speech, primarily adverbs, conjunctions, inflected and uninflected relators, but also verbs in so-called periphrastic (verbal-nominal) expressions.

3

Kwalifikacja gramatyczna wybranych indeklinabiliów w łacińskiej praktyce leksykograficznej

82%

Wolanin H.

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tom 35

25-37

EN

Classifying lexical items into functional classes, traditionally called parts of speech, is an important lexicographic tool serving to inform the dictionary’s readers about the most general, structural features of the lexical units being described. Yet, the problem of setting right criteria for the classification still remains unsolved, especially with reference to uninflected lexemes, devoid of formal inflectional features. The lack of clear and commonly accepted rules of differentiating between paricular kinds of indeclinable words characterizes also Latin grammatical theory and lexicography. As a result, the main Latin-Polish dictionaries differ in ascribing grammatical status to Latin uninflected lexemes like igitur, nam, utinam, num, quidem, itaque, an, praeter. The aim of this paper is to reflect on functional and syntactic status of Latin indeclinable words, and to suggest a solution for the above mentioned problem.

4

Terminy metalingwistyczne w świadomości uczniów klas trzecich – na przykładzie nazw części mowy

81%

Kamper-Warejko J. , Kaproń-Charzyńska I.

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2017

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tom 17

EN

The aim of this paper is to introduce the results of a pilot study of the metalinguistic awareness of nine and ten-year old children in terms of the comprehension and use of the terms denoting parts of speech. The study was conducted among 73 children. The interpretation of study results includes the connection between defining and the development of the skill of defining. Moreover, the authors take into consideration the fact that the process of becoming independent of perceptive and semantic aspects and the development of the awareness of the linguistic formin children are extended in time. The study shows that children are able to combine a metalinguistic term with its definition to a larger extent if the definition comprises the semantic features of parts of speech. On the other hand, they display smaller awareness of the grammatical features of particular parts of speech. Their receptive and perceptive competence is relatively low, which indicates that many children do not understand the terms discussed in the scope provided in the core curriculum.

5

Jak mówią postaci „Lalki” Bolesława Prusa. Analiza stylometryczna

66%

Foltman J.

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tom 38

51-66

EN

This article investigates if there is some distinctive way in which characters of Bolesław Prus novel “The Doll” are speaking. It is well known that author endowed his characters with diff erent social backgrounds, views, ethics. Literary critics often emphasized diff erences in vocabulary and numerous language stylizations among social classes, but in most of the cases only the most characteristic words were taken into con16 Jarosław Foltman sideration and function words (prepositions, conjunctions, personal pronouns and other) were omitted in the research. The aim of this study, in contrast to the previous, is to examine individual characters’ way of speaking by measuring frequencies of using most frequent words and given parts of speech. Tests have been performed using the Delta method with a couple of data visualization techniques. The results show some signifi cant variations in individual idiolects.

6

„Malá slova“ a jejich podíl na stylu mluvených projevů

58%

Hoffmannová J.

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tom 26

155-171

EN

In contrast to written language, spoken utterances evince a much higher incidence of deictics, indefinite and pseudo-demonstrative pronouns, contact particles (phatic expressions), specific conjunctions and other connectives, interjections, fillers and hesitation sounds. Corpus-based data should make it possible to attempt a new typology of such expressions (of a broad category of “discourse markers”), independent of the traditional categorization of the parts of speech. The research of spoken Czech syntax must take into account these groups of lexical means that are innate to spoken discourse, i.e. this important area where lexis and syntax meet. Such words as the Czech jako, teda, jakoe, jakoby seem to be semantically vague or empty, but they have a special effect on the connectedness and cohesion of spoken discourse. Moreover, the syntax of spoken discourse has to be investigated in terms of its dialogic and processual nature, inevitably respecting the relationships between utterances and dialogue turns; that is why special attention must be given to “small words” employed at the beginning or end of various types of turns. Their participation in the turn-taking mechanismus, as well as other functions, demonstrates that the “small words” in most cases cannot be regarded as redundant expressions, and that they contribute to the style of spoken discourse.

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Kategorie gramatyczne w dorobku Romana Laskowskiego

50%

Grochowski M.

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tom 39

71-84

EN

Five years have passed since Professor Roman Laskowski’s death. The author can recall the Professor’s outstanding achievements in the field of Polish grammar and methodology of linguistics. The first part of the article discusses Laskowski’s theory of parts of speech, as well as his original and innovative proposals in functional classifications of Polish lexemes. The second part of the review focuses on Laskowski’s achievements in research on morphological categories related to the inflected parts of speech. Laskowski’s most important works on both verbal and nominal categories are also presented in the article.

PL

W piątą rocznicę śmierci Romana Laskowskiego (1936–2014), wybitnego teoretyka języka, polonisty i slawisty, autor chce przypomnieć w sposób syntetyczny o jego dokonaniach w zakresie metodologicznych podstaw gramatyki polskiej. Artykuł jest przeznaczony przede wszystkim dla językoznawców niezajmujących się gramatyką. Roman Laskowski zbudował aparat pojęciowy współczesnej morfologii funkcjonalnej, metodologicznie podporządkowany składni, zdeterminowanej semantycznie. W pierwszej części artykułu omawiana jest koncepcja części mowy autorstwa uczonego i jego nowatorskie, oryginalne klasyfikacje funkcjonalne leksemów polskich (przedstawione w dwóch wydaniach dzieła Gramatyka współczesnego języka polskiego. Morfologia) na tle klasyfikacji innych autorów współczesnych. Druga część artykułu, odwołująca się do licznych publikacji Romana Laskowskiego, przedstawia jego osiągnięcia w badaniach nad kategoriami morfologicznymi, przysługującymi nominalnym i werbalnym klasom leksemów, a w szczególności proponowane przez niego zasady opisu tych kategorii we współczesnej polszczyźnie.

8

O Komárkově teorii morfologie

47%

Bednaříková B.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2014

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tom 75

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nr 3

200-219

EN

The article is devoted to the Czech linguist Miroslav Komárek, both to commemorate his 90th birthday (which he unfortunately can no longer celebrate) and to provide insight into his theory of morphology and later morphological work inspired by it. The first part reflects morphology in the context of grammatical descriptions before Komárek, comparing them with the methodology of the Prague School’s functional structuralism. The second part shows that the Mathesius-inspired direction of grammatical description, from function to form, resonates with the conceptual efforts of the generation of the 1970s and their concept of academic grammar. On the other hand, it demonstrates the incompatibility of word-formational and morphological descriptions, an issue which was a part of Komárek’s morphological endeavors. The main part of the article analyzes Komárek’s most important conceptual morphological efforts, i.e. Příspěvky k české morfologii (Komárek 1978), the two basic pillars of which are the theory of word classes and word structure analysis. The last part shows the (non-) inspiration in several post-Komárek word-formational and morphological descriptions, especially in current projects which aim to create a new academic grammar of the Czech language.

9

Słowo "tuż" wśród operatorów metapredykatywnych

47%

Grochowski M.

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2023

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tom 19

151-168

EN

In the paper grammatical and semantic features of the metapredicative operator in the shape of tuż ‘just’ are discussed in the detail. The word under consideration opens one syntactic position on its right side. The aim of the paper is to present syntactic and lexical-semantic restrictions concerning this position. The author justifies the hypothesis that metapredicative operator tuż implies a prepositional phrase which has spatial or temporal meaning.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę właściwości gramatycznych i semantyczno-leksykalnych operatora metapredykatywnego tuż. Głównym celem artykułu jest ustalenie ograniczeń składniowych i leksykalno-semantycznych dotyczących prawostronnej pozycji syntaktycznej otwieranej przez operator tuż. W artykule uzasadnia się hipotezę, że tuż implikuje frazę przyimkową mającą znaczenie przestrzenne lub temporalne.

10

Adverbia rovně, zrovna, jejich funkce a významové obměny v čase

47%

Klimešová M.

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nr 4

235-242

EN

This paper aims to describe and differentiate the diverse meanings of the adverbs rovně and zrovna during the different historical periods. It focuses on the usage of these expressions primarily in Middle Czech. Although a complete dictionary of Middle Czech is not yet available, we attempt to find the most significant functions of rovně and zrovna. Rovně is characterized by multiple meanings in Middle Czech, e.g. 'stejně', 'právě (v tu chvíli)' or 'rovnoměrně'. Zrovna does not occur until the Baroque period. However, it is much more frequent than rovně in contemporary Czech.

11

Formy gramatyczne autosemantycznych części mowy w językach polskim i ukraińskim

47%

Łesiuk M.

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2022

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tom 799

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nr 10

27-38

EN

The author of this article analyses the common and differentiating grammatical forms of autosemantic parts of speech in the related Polish and Ukrainian languages, while examining the causes of differences between them. Relying on many years’ of his lecturing experience gained at a higher education institution, he focuses primarily on the issues that are the most complicated for Ukrainian students when studying Polish. One of the major differences is the presence of masculine personal forms of each part of speech in Polish. Hence, the forms are discussed in the inflection/conjugation systems of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, and verbs. Historical reasons for the selected grammatical phenomena play an important role in the article.

PL

Autor artykułu rozpatruje wspólne i odróżniające cechy w formach gramatycznych autosemantycznych części mowy spokrewnionych języków polskiego i ukraińskiego, badając przyczyny różnic między nimi. Opierając się na wieloletniej praktyce wykładania na uczelni wyższej, zwraca szczególną uwagę na zagadnienia, które są najbardziej skomplikowane dla ukraińskich studentów w trakcie studiowania przez nich języka polskiego. Jedną z ważnych różnic jest obecność w języku polskim form męskoosobowych w obrębie każdej części mowy. Są więc omawiane te formy w systemie odmiany rzeczownika, przymiotnika, zaimka, liczebnika i czasownika. Ważne w artykule są uzasadnienia historyczne wybranych zjawisk gramatycznych.