Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

O zmienności signifiant wyrażeń metatekstowych. Przypadek niemniej

100%

Kisiel A.

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2013

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nr 16

137-147

EN

The paper discusses the individuality of the phrases niemniej, niemniej jednak, niemniej przeto, and tym niemniej (‘nonetheless’ &c.). It is suggested that niemniej jednak and niemniej przeto are compounds, because the elements niemniej, jednak, and przeto represent in them different groups of inference particles. The phrases niemniej and tym niemniej are considered to be semantically close but, against the lexicographic tradition, not identical. The range of use of the latter is significantly narrower. It is not found, for example, in the so-called confirmative contexts where niemniej occurs naturally; see *Ukazuje on światu Jezusa już nie jako fikcyjną postać z mitu ani jako abstrakcyjną formułę tradycyjnego katolicyzmu, ale jako genialnego człowieka, tym niemniej tylko człowieka ‘He shows Jesus to the world, not as a fictional, mythical character or as the abstract formula of traditional Catholicism, but as a brilliant man, yet only a man’.

2

Surface characterization of different particles arising as a result of coal combustion process in selected power plants from Central Poland using ToF-SIMS

100%

Grams J. , Bawolak K.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2007

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tom 9

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nr 4

77-80

EN

The aim of this work was the ToF-SIMS investigations of different particles arising as a result of a coal combustion process in selected power plants from Central Poland. The chemical composition and distribution of particular compounds on the studied surfaces were determined. Moreover, the ratio of the quantity of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on the surface of the particles was estimated. A qualitative analysis of the studied samples demonstrated the presence of a big number of various compounds, including heavy metals such as Pb, Cd and As on the investigated surfaces. In the prevailing number sample components were distributed non-homogenously on the surface and the larger areas richer in a certain type of ions were observed.

3

Żeby było_ i co_. Notka o znaczeniu

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Kisiel A.

Linguistica Copernicana

|

2012

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nr 2(8)

205-213

EN

The article is devoted to semantic and grammatical description of two of the four strenghtening particles: żeby było_ and co_. These are very interesting language units, not attested in dictionaries, the only ones in the group of particles containing valency positions. Despite the semantic similarity between them and the two other items of the group - tym bardziej and co dopiero - they tend to occur in different sentence structures, i.e. containing joint conjuctions, restrictive or analogy particles. They do not occur in the context of non-assertive sentences. This paper considers the type of structure formed by the examined language units, the possibilities of filling their valency positions and, in result, their meaning.

4

STR zdań z partykułami dodającymi

100%

Kisiel A.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2012

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nr 1(7)

139-151

EN

The author discusses Ewa Walusiak's proposal to distinguish three homogenous and synonymous language units belonging to three groups: prepositions, particles and conjunctions. It is argued that the criteria used by Walusiak do not allow for clear differentiation of the three groups. Therefore the author suggests an opposite hypothesis to be true: all of the language units in question belong to one and only one group of particles. The final part of the article is devoted to a preliminary semantic distinction between na dodatek, w dodatku, na dobitkę, na dobitek, na dokładkę and na domiar złego.

5

O szczególnej pozycji spójnikowych predykatów asocjatywnych

100%

Topolińska Z.

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2015

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nr Numer Specjalny

151-155

EN

In the word class of conjunctions, the paper discerns: (a) exponents of associative predicates, i.e. predicates which connect/link events/propositions by way of a simple association, (b) exponents of temporal links between events, and (c) exponents of causal links between events. The author discusses certain special uses of Polish associative predicates formalized as conjunctions, and concludes that they are also characteristic of the corresponding class of predicates in other languages. She emphasizes their domination in the oral communication and comments on their ability to appear in the secondary function of quasi-particles.

6

O dwóch metatekstowych jednostkach: „zaś" i „natomiast"

88%

Kisiel A.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2015

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nr 12

53-69

EN

The article presents two units of unclear grammatical classification, both derived from the pronoun phrases: zaś and natomiast. In the first part of the article the units are contrasted with units considered in lexicography as being semantically close: za to, z kolei, ale and a. The first one is equally dubious when it comes to its classification, the second belongs to the class of particles, the last two - to the class of conjunctions. Based on the analysis of the TR structure of sentences with the aforementioned units and their word order, together with observations on their ability to co-occur with other metatextual units, it can be pointed out that zaś and natomiast cannot be seen neither as particles, nor as conjunctions (as identified in modern Polish linguistics). The second part of the article provides a more detailed observation on TR structure of sentences with zaś and natomiast in order to recognise their specificity.

7

Pokus o vymezení funkcí příklonné částice -ť (-ťe/-tě/-ti) v průběhu 14–18. století

88%

Stluka M.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2017

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tom 140

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nr 1-2

143-171

EN

Based on the analysis of the diachronic data in the Czech National Corpus, the paper aims to specify some of the possible functions that the particle -ť expressed in Czech written texts in the 14t–18th centuries. The study combines a quantitative and a qualitative approach. The first part presents a quantitative analysis based on a smaller corpus that is balanced in terms of time and genre. As a result of this analysis, the functions manifested by the -ť particle in a balanced corpus are specified. In the second part of the study, the dative function of the particle -ť is analysed using a much larger, yet unbalanced corpus. The third part of the paper includes a qualitative analysis based on selected texts that verifies the existence of a dative function of the -ť particle.

8

Molecular imprinting in particle-stabilized emulsions: enlarging template size from small molecules to proteins and cells

88%

Ye L. , Zhou T. , Shen X.

Molecular Imprinting

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2014

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tom 2

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nr 1

EN

Molecular imprinting of small organic compounds is now a standard procedure for preparation of tailor-designed affinity materials. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have outstanding stability and can be prepared in a large quantity, therefore are useful replacements for biological receptors for a number of applications including product purification, analytical separation, chemical sensing and controlled delivery and biomineralization. Although preparation of MIPs, in particular using the non-covalent imprinting strategy, has become a routine practice in many research laboratories, new synthetic methods continued to be invented, which contribute to new MIPs with unprecedented functional performances. As the size of the template increases from small organic compounds to biomacromolecules to large virus particles and cells, the traditional methods of imprinting often fail to give useful MIP products. Another important aspect is the shift from organic solvents to water for MIPs designed for treatment or analysis of biological samples. The demand on water-compatibility and recognition of larger entities for MIPs call for new and efficient synthetic methods. This mini review will summarize the recent progress of molecular imprinting using particle-stabilized emulsion as a general synthetic platform to furnish the new MIPs with the desired functions.

9

Techniczne aspekty przygotowania szczepionki mikoryzowej do aplikacji

75%

Kubiak J.

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2008

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tom R. 12, nr 1(99)

223-230

PL

Mikoryzacja jest to symbioza między grzybami a korzeniami roślin uprawnych. Symbioza ta jest wzajemnie korzystna, ponieważ grzyb zyskuje siedlisko i dostęp do związków organicznych z korzeniami roślin, natomiast roślina udostępnia składniki mineralne z podłoża dzięki mineralizacji jak i znacznemu zwiększeniu pobierania składników pokarmowych poprzez pozakorzeniowe strzępki symbiotanta grzybowego. Na podstawie dotychczasowych badań laboratoryjnych określono optymalną liczbę propagul żywych w stosunku do czasu miksowania i rozcieńczenia. Wyniki badań umożliwiły dokonanie analizy matematycznej i opisanie tego modelem matematycznym oraz opisanie technologii mikoryzacji i nawożenia w różnych fazach wzrostu roślin.

EN

On the basis of laboratory investigations the optimum number of live and dead particles of vegetative mycorrhiza mycelium in relation to mixing time and hydration rate were found. Results of the investigations gave possibility to carry out mathematical analyse, which cover process of growth of live mycelium particles and describe the growth by mathematical model. Effects of mycorrhiza process (using vegetative mycelium produced by Mycoflor firm) on overground and underground growth of plants (on an example of Th. occ. Szmaragd var.) were presented in some previous papers prepared by the Author.

10

Bo – bowiem – albowiem. Między spójnikiem a partykułą

75%

Kisiel A.

Forum Lingwistyczne

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2015

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nr 2

73-84

EN

The article presents three etymologically related units: bo, bowiem i albowiem. Basing on analysis of the contexts of their use (requirement of a weaker / stronger pause, ability to cooperate with an elliptic sentence, possibility of changing position within a sentence), with particular regard to binding between a rheme of the sentence with which these units coocurate and a preceeding rheme, the possibility of including bowiem and albowiem into the classes of particles and conjunctions is discussed.

11

Pomiar kształtu i wielkości cząstek : automatyczna analiza obrazu

63%

Arcichowski P.

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2006

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tom R. 11, nr 4

12-16

12

Geometrical approximations of a solid particle shape

63%

Sułkowski A.

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2007

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tom Vol. 28, z. 3

423-434

EN

The paper deals with the problem of solid particle shape description. A particle is considered as a compact and connected subset of a three-dimensional real space. It is assumed to be represented by its two-dimensional projective image. Two geometrical constructions approximating the particle image have been introduced. Appropriate shape factors have been defined.

PL

Artykuł poświęcono problematyce opisu kształtu cząstki ciała stałego. Cząstka jest traktowana jako pewien zwarty i spójny podzbiór trójwymiarowej przestrzeni rzeczywistej. Zakłada się, że cząstka jest w pełni reprezentowana przez swój obraz projekcyjny. Zaproponowane zostały dwie konstrukcje geometryczne aproksymujące obraz cząstki. Zdefiniowano odpowiednie współczynniki kształtu i opisano podstawowe ich właściwości.

13

K otázce tzv. akuzativního se v češtině: pohled (nejen) diachronní

51%

Pergler J.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2016

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tom 77

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nr 2

102-122

EN

This article deals with the Czech reflexive form se and its categorization from both diachronic and synchronic perspectives. It is argued that in Old Czech, the reflexive was clearly a pronoun because it could be used in a number of contexts that are indicative of its having a syntactic function, e.g. in the context of coordination. Since then, however, the reflexive se has been gradually losing its pronominal nature, being replaced in pronominal contexts by the (originally genitive) form sebe. This process has not been completed yet, hence in contemporary Czech, the reflexive has both pronominal features and features of a morpheme/particle. It thus cannot be discretely categorized; such a categorization would be an inadequate oversimplification because it would necessarily ignore some of the features of the reflexive. Therefore, instead of asking whether the form se is a pronoun or a morpheme/particle in contemporary Czech, I try to answer the question of what pronominal and what non-pronominal features it has.

14

Badanie i analiza metodą logiki rozmytej parametrów procesu mieszania pod kątem poprawy własności kompozytów otrzymanych z proszków

51%

Wojtaszek M. , Durak J. , Pernal F.

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2009

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tom R. 9, nr 4

327-331

PL

Zastosowano analizę za pomocą logiki rozmytej w roli narzędzia, pozwalającego na szybki dobór korzystnych i ekonomicznych parametrów procesu mieszania składników kompozytu w układzie cząstki stopu aluminium-cząstki ceramiczne. Do komputerowej analizy wykorzystano dane eksperymentalne. Materiałem osnowy był proszek stopu Al17Si5Fe3 Cu1,1Mg0,6Zr, o kulistym kształcie i średnicy cząstek < 40 žm, a fazą umacniającą cząstki węglika krzemu o objętości względnej 10%. Mieszanie składników prowadzono przy prędkości obrotowej mieszalnika 0,2 i 0,9 s-1 w czasie od 5 do 60 minut. Z przygotowanych mieszanin wykonano kompozyty, stosując w tym celu technologię zagęszczania na gorąco w matrycach zamkniętych w warunkach izotermicznych. Ocenie poddano wybrane własności kompozytów oraz przeprowadzono obserwacje ich mikrostruktur. Otrzymane zależności między przyjętymi do badań parametrami mieszania a określonymi na drodze eksperymentu własnościami wyrobów oraz jakością struktury użyto jako dane do analizy. Do ich uzupełnienia wykorzystano informacje na temat charakterystyki procesu mieszania, rozumiane jako tak zwana wiedza eksperta. Źródłem tych informacji była wiedza oparta na wynikach prowadzonych wcześniej badań oraz analizie literatury tematycznej. Przeprowadzono testową analizę z wykorzystaniem pakietu Fuzzy Toolbox, będącego częścią programu Matlab. Na podstawie jej wyników oszacowano kombinacje parametrów procesu mieszania, które umożliwiają równomierne rozprowadzenie fazy umacniającej w osnowie kompozytu.

EN

The fuzzy logic method was used as a tool for quick choice of optimal and economic parameters of the mixing process in aluminium alloy particles-ceramic particles system. Experiments were the source of the input data for computer analysis. Al17Si5Fe3Cu1.1Mg0.6Zr alloy powder, with particles of diameter below 40 žm, was used as a matrix. Particles of silicon carbide (10%) were used as a reinforcing phase. Mixing of components was carried out using several rotation speeds and mixing times. The samples of the composite were prepared from obtained mixtures by hot-compaction in a closed die at 500°C in isothermal conditions. Microstructural examinations of obtained composites were carried out and selected properties of samples were evaluated. The correct distribution of particles of the reinforcing phase in the matrix was reached at rotational speed 0.9 s-1 and mixing time 45 min. For the composites prepared by hot compaction with these parameters, favourable properties and their smallest dispersion were found and the particles of reinforcing phase were uniformly distributed. Prolongation of mixing time, at the rotation speed mentioned above, didn't lead to amelioration of the product's properties. For the rotation speed equal to 0.2 s-1, an attempt of optimal time determination wasn't successful. For this purpose, a method based on knowledge engineering was proposed. The obtained relations between the parameters of mixing process and properties of the final products were used as input data for the analysis. Information about mixing process characteristics, in knowledge engineering called expert's knowledge, were the complementary data. The source of this information was the experience based on previous experiments and the data found in the literature. A set of data was prepared, which, from the point of view of knowledge engineering, was incomplete and uncertain, because a part of those data wasn't verified by experiments. Those data could be used for quick estimation of the mixing process parameters for future experiments with compound characteristics similar to those used in this experiment. A fuzzy reasoning was carried out using Fuzzy Toolbox program, which is a part of Matlab software. The mixing time for the rotation speed 0.2 s-1 was estimated to be about 80 minutes.

15

The method of the measurement of mean value of the electric charge of aerosol particles 0.3 - 10 [micro]m

51%

Grabarczyk Z.

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2008

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tom R. 84, nr 12

167-169

EN

The most of aerosol particles grater than 60 nm, is electrically charged. The charge influences the efficiency of particle settlement on conducting objects and deposition in human air-ways. For evaluating the possible increase of the deposition of industrial aerosols in size range 0.3 - 10 [micro]m, the method of measuring the mean charge distribution was developed. This was based on comparison of the aerosol spectrum of total number of aerosol particles and the spectra where the part of charged particles was removed by electrostatic precipitator (electrostatic trap).

PL

Większość cząstek aerozolu większych od 60 nm jest naelektryzowana, co wpływa na skuteczność ich osiadania na powierzchniach przewodzących i depozycji w drogach oddechowych. W celu oszacowania możliwego wzrostu depozycji opracowano metodę pomiaru średniego ładunku cząstek z zakresu 0.3-10 [mikro]m, przez porównanie widma cząstek pyłu w powietrzu i po przejściu przez pułapkę elektrostatyczną.

16

Funkcjonalna interpretacja tekstów historycznych. Dwa typy tekstów prolepsy w języku greckim na przykładzie Medei Eurypidesa (248-249) i Ewangelii wg św. Jana (12, 12-13)

51%

Sobotka P.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2012

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nr 1(7)

53-85

EN

The two parts of the article analyse the possibilities of a functional interpretation, in terms of the theme-rheme devision, of ancient texts. The author discusses examples from Classical Greek and Latin as well as New Testament Greek, especially their word order, grammatical and lexical features. On this basis he proposes an analytical approach to the description of the linguistic values connected on some degree with the communicative structure of these examples. The contextual procedures of indicating markers of thematic or rhematic elements of the sentences in question should be compared with conclusions drawing on the grammatical and semantic observations on the sentence constituents. The determination of theme and rheme exponents must be made - depending on the language - by verifying the means of coding information structure, relevant to the given language, text type, and time of its composition. A complete description of these means should be proceeded by detailed investigation of, for example, in the case of Ancient Greek: standard and contrastive word order, initial positions of utterances (including semantic descriptions of items involved in these positions), functions of the particles, conjunctions, articles, adverbs, personal pronouns, anaphors et al., syntactic and semantic roles of the constituents, etc. The second part of this article considers information status and value of Greek prolepsis. The author distinguishes morphological, syntactic and lexical prolepsis. The las two types are discussed using examples from Medea by Eurypides and the Gospel of St. John. The first example represents syntactic prolepsis, the second one - lexical. Neither the pronoun ἡμᾶς 'we' from Medea, nor the noun φοινίκων 'palm branches' from St. John's Gospel are thematic as claimed by some researches. Both syntactic and lexical prolepsis are components of a different level of utterances than the material one. The author postulates to consider them as rhematic rather than thematic. Prolepsis functions like quotation which comments on the whole utterance.

17

Projekcyjne równoważniki kształtu cząstki ciała stałego

51%

Sulkowski A.

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2006

|

tom Nr 4s

144-145

EN

A mathematical background of solid particle shape projective description method was established in the paper. A particle was assumed to be the compact and connected subset of .R3space. The definition of contoured dilation coat was introduced. The contoured dilation function of particle projective image was defined. Properties of the function mentioned were described. A numerical form of functional characteristics for some real particle shapes was derived.