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The Development of a Parish Network and the Beginnings of Decanal Structure in the Diocese of Kraków until the end of the Twelfth Century. An Attempt at a Summary

100%

Chachaj J.

nr 2: Historia - Selected Papers in English

157-178

The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 56, issue 2 (2008). The paper is an attempt to sum up studies to date on the development of the parish network and the organisation of deaneries in the Diocese of Kraków until the end of the twelfth century. Historians at large and Church historians in particular who dealt with these issues in the 1990s put forward a hypothesis concerning the establishment of deaneries and a number of temples in the Krakow diocese before 1200. The paper confronts this hypothesis with the claims of historians. In the recent years, either indirectly or directly, they have addressed the development of the territorial organisation of the Kraków diocese until the end of the twelfth century. The paper offers a critical appraisal of their findings. In conclusion, the hypothesis is put forward that the establishment of the network of deaneries in the Kraków diocese was a one-time action. The initiative was most obviously Bishop Gedko’s in the 1170s, as a result of which there appeared over 1200 churches in the territory of the Kraków diocese.

Najstarsza organizacja parafialna na Żuławach Wielkich (do połowy XV w.)

72%

Długokęcki W.

tom 20

9-29

Żuławy Wielkie (the alluvial delta area of the Vistula River) in Middle Ages was not only most advanced in agriculture, self-government as well as the level of prosperity of its inhabitants, but it was also the territory with strong parish system. An average parish consisted of two villages. Only two exceptions are noticed, in Nowy Staw and Lichnowy, the latter being probably the oldest, established in the 13th Century and consisted of 6 – 7 villages. It is visible that inhabitants preferred the erection of single-village parishes or at least filial chapels. The right of patronage of all churches belonged to the Teutonic Order. The patron provided the parish with a benefice (usually 4 lans – 120 morgs of land). Moreover, the inhabitants had to pay a special contribution in corn (called meszne), while their representatives (vitrici) interfered with parish finances. Parochial schools were established, supported by the inhabitants and designed both to provide most talented children with basic education and to secure liturgical servants for the church. Some parish priests from the area of Żuławy Wielkie, particularly persons with university education, served at the courts of Pogesanian bishops and the Teutonic Order.

Żuławy Wielkie były nie tylko regionem przodującym pod względem rozwoju rolnictwa, samorządności i zamożności mieszkańców, ale także organizacji parafialnej. Przeciętna parafia obejmowała dwie wsie. Jedynie nowostawska i lichnowska, najpewniej najstarsza, bo erygowana jeszcze w XIII w., liczyła 6 – 7 wsi. Daje się zauważyć dążenie mieszkańców do tworzenia parafii jednowioskowych lub przynajmniej budowy kaplic filialnych. Patronem wszystkich kościołów był zakon krzyżacki, który we wsiach wydzielał beneficjum – z reguły 4 łany ziemi. Mieszkańcy na utrzymanie parafii płacili tzw. meszne (świadczenie w zbożu), a przez witryków wpływali na jej finanse. Przy kościołach czynne były utrzymywane przez parafian szkoły, zapewniające najzdolniejszym dzieciom wiejskim elementarne wykształcenie i służbę liturgiczną w świątyniach. Niektórzy plebani wielkożuławscy, posiadający wykształcenie uniwersyteckie, pozostawali w służbie Zakonu krzyżackiego i biskupów pomezańskich.

Administrace dezintegrované pražské diecéze za hustiských válek

72%

Vodička O.

nr 2

153-187

The study summrizes the current knowledge concerning the performance of ecclesiastical administration in the Prague diocese disrupted by the Hussite wars from the Zittau exile centre. It also provides a number of scattered documents on the everyday worries, disputes and life strategies of the Catholic clerby. it particularly focuses on the organizational and communication aspects of the issues, hence on the personnel composition and functioning of the so-called Zittau consistory, the possibilities and limits of the delegation of authority, correspondence dealing with the cases using messengers and the movement of the clergy within the diocese. Another circle of questions is the financial situation, hence which financial resources were available to the consistory and in what way the obligatory payments from the diocese were collected and paid. Using the rare documents, it also attempts to illustrate the everyday stereotype of the life of a Catholic clergyman in the shadow of the "great history" of the Hussite revolution.