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EN
Three arylcarboxamides issued from 2-amino- 4,6-dimethylpyridine, benzamide 1, furan-2-carboxamide 2 and 5-bromofuran-2-carboxamide 3 were evaluated against Leishmania promastigotes, at three doses, 0.5, 5, and 50 µM. Although benzamide 1 exerted but a moderate inhibition against cultured extracellular promastigotes at a concentration of 50 µM, furan-2-carboxamides 2 and 3 had potent activity at the same concentration. The IC₅₀ of 2 against L. donovani and L. braziliensis were 29.9 and 28.3 µM and those of 3 were 25.9 and 36.6 µM, respectively. In a BALB/c mice model of visceral leishmaniosis, an intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg of 2, for 5 days, led to a consistent parasite burden reduction in the spleen smears (75.8 ± 5.7%) and in the microdilution spleen cultures (72.1 ± 0.6%). A very significant correlation (r = 0.96) was found between the two methods of spleen parasite burden quantification. These amides also exhibit potent antiinflammatory activity and it was previously stated that they inhibit arachidonic acid production by interfering in the PLA₂ activation. This suggests fact that they could disrupt Leishmania membrane lipid integrity by protein kinase C inhibition.
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EN
The importance of parasitic zoonoses continues to increase on both local and global scales as interactions between people and animals become more frequent through global travel, intensification of agriculture, habitat devastation, and changes in world trade patterns. A current and real threat is the potential for a deliberate introduction of a zoonotic disease through the prospect of bioterrorism. Parasitic zoonoses represent significant problems in public health, animal agriculture and conservation, and the meat industry. There is an urgent need for integration of medical and veterinary services, continuous disease surveillance in both humans and animals, the teaching of zoonoses to medical doctors, and intensified research on zoonotic agents and diseases. The convergence of both public health and veterinary services currently represents a real challenge for managing zoonotic diseases.
EN
A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections among the nomadic Fulanis of south-eastern Nigeria between September 2003-March 2004. Urine, stool and blood specimens were collected from each of 231 subjects. Of these, 98 (42.4%) were infected with one or more of 14 parasitic species, of which Plasmodium malariae had the highest prevalence (15.3%). Others included 6 intestinal helminth parasites: Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Strongyloides stercoralis, Schistosoma mansoni, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichocephalus trichiurus, 2 protozoan parasites: Entamoeba histolytica and E. coli, 4 blood parasites: Mansonella perstans, Loa loa, Trypanosoma sp, Plasmodium falciparum, as well as Schistosoma haematobium recovered in the urine. Prevalence of these parasitic infections varied significantly among bush encampments, sexes, and age groups. They had evidence of onchocerciasis. Their occupational imperatives, beliefs and general life style are contributing factors to the prevalence of parasitic infections among the nomadic Fulanis of south eastern Nigeria. Aspects of prevalence and control of parasitic infections are discussed.
10
Content available Histopathological diagnosis in parasitic diseases
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EN
Histopathological research is very important in diagnosing human and animal diseases. Detection of histopathological changes during certain parasitic invasions is particularly important for differential diagnosis and often confirms the presence of parasitic diseases. Such studies allow also to conclude on the primary cause of the disease.
EN
In order to perform a phylogenetic analysis of Nosema spp. spores, samples of 10 worker bees each were collected from 30 infected colonies (the presence of spores was confirmed by light microscopy) kept in 15 apiaries in north-eastern Poland. Both N. apis and N. ceranae are common in this region (mixed infection N. apis/ N. ceranae – 60%, N. ceranae – 37%, N. apis – 3%). The DNA samples of N. apis were 100% identical with the N. apis sequences deposited in the GenBank database in Queensland, Australia, Spain, New Zealand, Lithuania and Tasmania in Australia. The DNA samples of N. ceranae were found to be 99.5%-100% identical with the N. ceranae sequences previously published in Italy, Germany, Switzerland and Austria.
EN
The first clinical case of canine angiostrongylosis from Slovakia, previously infection-free country, is described. 18-month old male Bernese mountain dog living in south-eastern part of Slovakia showed poor health condition characterized by weight loss, irritating cough, dispnoe, intense salivation, vomiting and bilateral scleral bleeding. Two times even the acute physical collapse occurred. Blood analysis was provided and revealed increase of total protein, eosinophilia, monocytosis, and mild thrombocytopenia. Anaemia characterized by reduced number of erythrocytes and reduced levels of haemoglobin, packed cell volume and iron was also diagnosed. Larvoscopic Baermann technique revealed the presence of Angiostrongylus first stage larvae. Infected dog excreted larvae in high numbers — in 10 g of the faecal material more than 800 larvae were counted. DNA analysis using PCR confirmed the presence of Angiostrongylus vasorum species. The first clinical case of angiostrongylosis has evidenced that the new life-threatening parasitic disease of dogs has spread to the territory of Slovakia. A serious effort is therefore inevitable to increase the professional awareness and knowledge on diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
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