Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Reconstruction of palaeoclimatic changes registered in the Kaletowa landslide (Beskid Makowski Mts., Outer Carpathians, South Poland) on the basis of sedimentological and dendrochronological records

100%

Krąpiec M. , Margielewski W.

|

tom nr 74

17-34

EN

A depression within the small Kaletowa landslide, Beskid Makowski (Średni) Mts., Outer Carpathians, is filled with 1.8-m-thick organic-mineral sediments of a fen-type peatbog. Some radiocarbon datings using various material (wood detritus, tree trunk, organic silt) obtained from the bottom of the depression show that the landslide was formed at the end of the Subboreal (ca. 3 ka). The peat layer is covered by minerogenic sediments (silty clay, silt-sandy clay), 0.7 m thick, which, in turn, are overlain by a layer of sedge peat. The onset of deposition of this cover has been dated to 2,150-60 years BP, when a strong increase in climatic humidity during the Early Subatlantic took place. At the bottom of a depression excavated during construction of a cultivation pond, trunks of fir (Abies alba Mill.) with roots embedded in the substratum have been found. Their life age was about 120 years. The preserved fir wood, dark grey-brown in colour, is characterized by extremely narrow tree rings, associated with local habitat (periodical inundation of the depression), and climatic changes (strong cooling and wetting) that led to both landslide and depression formation at the end of the Subboreal.

2

Carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios in cellulose from oak tree-rings as a record of palaeoclimatic conditions in Southern Poland during the last millennium

100%

Krąpiec M. , Jędrysek M. O. , Skrzypek G. , Kałużny A.

|

tom nr 69

135-150

EN

Stable isotopes ratios (delta13C and deltaD) were investigated in late wood from annual growth rings of subfossil oaks as well as those actually growing in water habitats of the Vistula floodplain in the neighbourhood of Cracow. On the basis of these analyses isotopic time series of delta13C and deltaD for the last millennium have been compiled. The research has demonstrated that the observed delta13C changes are related to those of the amounts of rainfall in the months May-July, what can give possibilities of rainfall level reconstruction in the past. Correlation of deltaD with temperature has been observed only for the years with rainfall exceeding the average, but no clear relationships between deltaD and climatic conditions has been detected. The elaborated delta13C curve does not exhibit the depression related to human industrial activity in the 19th and 20th centuries.

PL

Przedmiotem pracy było określenie stosunków izotopów stabilnych (C i H) w celulozie pochodzącej z drewna późnego przyrostów rocznych południowopolskich dębów z ostatniego tysiąclecia. Drewno późne po rozdrobnieniu podlegało dalszej preparatyce, polegającej na stopniowym pozbywaniu się składników grupowych drewna, bez naruszania struktury celulozy i bez wymiany izotopowej z używanymi odczynnikami. Ostatnim etapem preparatyki izotopowej węgla i wodoru było uzyskanie nitrocelulozy poddawanej następnie wielostopniowemu spalaniu. Otrzymane gazy rozdzielano kriogenicznie w próżni, a wodę uzyskaną z nitrocelulozy redukowano ilościowo na cynku. Wynikiem preparatyk izotopowych były czysty dwutlenek węgla i czysty wodór, analizowane na spektrometrach mas. Kalibrację uzyskanych delta13C i deltaD z klimatem przeprowadzono na podstawie pomiarów z okresu 1850-1970. Porównanie uzyskanych wyników delta13C z wartościami temperatury i opadów pokazały, że brak jest wyraźnej zależności pomiędzy badanymi wartościami z poszczególnych miesięcy okresu wegetacyjnego. Mając na uwadze szereg współczesnych obserwacji innych zespołów badawczych, mówiących, że krótkookresowe fluktuacje izotopowe są słabo skorelowane z klimatem oraz że użycie całej strefy drewna późnego nie gwarantuje określenia stosunków izotopowych odpowiadających warunkom "energetycznym" środowiska w czasie jej tworzenia, przeprowadzono modyfikację porównywanych wielkości (delta13C i danych meteorologicznych) stosując średnią kroczącą liczoną dla okresu 5 letniego. Analiza regresji liniowej pokazała, że otrzymana uśredniona sekwencja delta13C wykazuje znaczącą korelację ze średnią sumą opadów miesięcy maj - lipiec. Korelacja ta jest wyraźnie zaznaczona w obu analizowanych pniach z wyjątkiem okresu po 1958 r. Wartości z tego okresu czasu wyraźnie odbiegają od pozostałych, a przyczyn tej zmiany należy zapewne upatrywać we wpływie uruchomionej w latach 50-tych huty Lenina, usytuowanej w odległości około 20 km na E od badanego obszaru, stanowiącej poważnego producenta zanieczyszczeń. Zaobserwowany związek wysokości opadów miesięcy maj - lipiec z delta13C w latach 1850-1950 pokazuje, że wzrostowi opadów o około 30 mm odpowiada spadek delta13C o wartość 1prom. Mając na uwadze ustalenia BEDNARZA i PTAKA (1990) wykazujące zależność przyrostów rocznych dębów od opadów w okresie maj - lipiec, sprawdzono korelację delta13C od temperatury w zależności od ilości opadów w danym roku. W tym celu cały zbiór został rozdzielony na 2 części, a granicę podziału stanowiła średnia suma opadów w analizowanym okresie, tj. 269 mm. Okazało się, że w tych latach gdzie opady były wyższe od średniej zachodzi korelacja pomiędzy delta13C a temperaturą lipca - sierpnia (R2 = 0.54), natomiast brak jest tej zależności w latach, w których średni opad jest niższy od przeciętnej (R2 < 0.1). Zidentyfikowana zależność wyjaśniająca związek temperatury i opadów z delta13C w drewnie późnym dębów z okolic Krakowa pokazuje, że rekonstrukcja temperatury na podstawie badań izotopowych celulozy z drewna późnego jest bardziej skomplikowana, niż zakładano. Bardziej dyskusyjnie przedstawia się związek deltaD z klimatem, gdyż nie stwierdzono korelacji między deltaD a temperaturą i opadami. Jednakże analiza zależności deltaD i delta13C w badanych pniach dębów pokazała, że zmienność deltaD może być zależna od osobniczych uwarunkowań wzrostu i/lub tempa procesów fizjologicznych. Krzywa delta13C w ostatnim tysiącleciu wykazuje fluktuacje wokół wartości średniej - 24,89 prom. Po znacznym spadku na początku tysiąclecia wzrasta ona do około 1120 AD, potem notowany jest spadek krzywej o około 3,5 prom., trwający do około 1230 AD, odpowiadający wzrostowi opadów. Od tego momentu notowany jest sukcesywny wzrost delta13C trwający do początku XIV w. Między wiekiem XIV a początkiem wieku XVII występuje plateau z lokalnymi minimami około 1350, 1460 i 1570 AD. Od około 1630 do 1730 AD notowany jest spadek, a potem wzrost krzywej trwający do około 1750 AD. Wyraźnie zaznaczony okres wartości minimalnych, porównywalnych z tymi z początku XIII wieku notowany jest w 2 pierwszych dekadach XIX w. Przebieg omawianej krzywej wykazuje bardzo dużą zbieżność do krzywej delta13C opublikowanej przez LOPPA i TRIMBORNA (1991), a sporządzonej dla drewna późnego jodły z Schwarzwaldu. W południowopolskiej krzywej delta13C zwraca uwagę brak antropogenicznej depresji w wartościach delta13C, obejmującej okres od połowy XIX wieku do dzisiaj (podobnie jak w krzywej delta13C zestawionej dla dębów z SW Finlandii). Krzywa deltaD z ostatniego tysiąclecia wykazuje długookresowe fluktuacje wokół wartości średniej - 65,53 prom. Okresy z minimalnymi wartościami przypadają na początek tysiąclecia, pierwszą połowę XIII w., XV w., oraz przełom XVII i XVIII w. Krzywa ta nie wykazuje jednak zbieżności z krzywą południowoniemiecką deltaD, a jej klimatyczna interpretacja jest niejednoznaczna. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdzają ostatnie obserwacje z innych regionów, mówiące o tym, że siedliska wilgotne dają mniejsze możliwości rekonstrukcji paleoklimatycznych niż stanowiska suche. Zmienność stosunków izotopowych w poszczególnych drzewach wskazuje na celowość zmiany strategii opróbowania, polegającej na wykorzystaniu kilku jednowiekowych drzew. Niemożność dokładnej separacji części drewna późnego przyrostu rocznego rejestrującego stosunki izotopowe lata wskazuje, że ekonomicznie uzasadnione jest badanie prób obejmujących bloki słojów po 5-10 sztuk z kilku drzew i posługiwanie się wartościami uśrednionymi, podobnie jak w klasycznej dendroklimatologii.

3

Climatic and tectonic effects on the origin and evolution of the Dereiçi travertines (the Başkale Basin, Eastern Türkiye), and neotectonic implications

88%

Yeşilova Ç.

|

2022

|

tom Vol. 66, No. 3

art. no. 27

EN

The Başkale Basin is located in the easternmost part of Türkiye, within a tectonically active area, and located at the intersection of Europe, Asia and the Middle East. In this study, the Dereiçi travertines, one of the most important products of neotectonism in the basin, were investigated sedimentologically, mineralogically and geochemically. To understand the neotectonic evolution of the travertine succession, the sequence was studied from bottom to top as regards morphology, lithofacies and U/Th dates. Crystalline crust, coated gas bubbles, shrub, paper-thin raft and palaeosol lithofacies have been detected in the Dereiçi travertines, which are morphologically of layer type, two ridge types and terrace type. The Dereiçi travertines commenced to precipitate at the intersection of the Işıklı and Ilıcak faults at 255.56 ±9.01 ka, and their deposition continues today. Travertine deposition paused twice between 198.31 ±18–143.07 ±1.5 ka and 96.73 ±8.34–61.59 ±5.4 ka, when palaeosol development took place. According to field and laboratory studies, the Dereiçi travertines developed under climate and tectonic control. The Işıklı and Ilıcak faults played active roles in the development of the travertines. As the travertine ages are linked to movement on both faults, the age of the Işıklı Fault should be 255.56 ±9.01 ka or earlier, and that of the Ilıcak Fault should be 143.07 ±1.5 ka or earlier.

4

The Coleorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera) of the European Jurassic, with a description of a new genus from the Toarcian of Luxembourg

88%

Szwedo J.

|

2011

|

tom Vol. 9, no. 1

3-20

EN

The fossil record of the Coleorrhyncha goes back to the Upper Permian. In recent faunas only members of the Peloridiidae are present, restricted in distribution to the Southern Hemisphere. These insects were more diversified in the past, and though their fossil record in the Jurassic is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, it comprises the families Progonocimicidae and Karabasiidae. The subfamily Progonocimicinae, present in the Jurassic strata of Europe and Asia is a declining lineage. The subfamily Cicadocorinae originated at the Triassic/Jurassic boundary and became dominant during Jurassic times. A review of Coleorrhyncha from European fossil sites is given, with taxonomic and phylogenetic problems highlighted. Their occurrence is linked to a very humid and warm climate, which is in agreement with independent data indicating greenhouse conditions in the atmospheric system and anoxia in the oceans at that time (Toarcian-Oceanic Anoxic Event – T-OAE) and coeval greenhouse climate on land. A new genus and species of the Progonocimicinae – Indutionomarus treveriorum gen. et sp. nov. is described, based on a specimen from the Lower Toarcian of Bascharage, Luxembourg, Western Europe. It is the first record of the Coleorrhyncha from this locality. The morphological features of the new genus in respect to other Progonocimicidae, and its phylogenetic importance, are discussed. Mesoscytina anglica Yu. Popov, Dolling et Whalley, 1994 is transferred to the genus Mesocimex, resulting in Mesocimex anglicus (Yu. Popov, Dolling et Whalley, 1994) comb. nov.

5

Triassic micro-charcoal as a promising puzzle piece in palaeoclimate reconstruction: An example from the Germanic Basin

88%

Götz A. E. , Uhl D.

|

tom Vol. 92, No. 3

219--231

EN

Fossil charcoal is the primary source of evidence for palaeo-wildfires and has gained increasing interest as a proxy in the reconstruction of past climates and environments. Today, increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation/humidity appear to correlate with increases in the frequency and intensity of wildfires in many regions worldwide. Apart from appropriate climatic conditions, sufficient atmospheric oxygen (>15%) is a necessary precondition to sustain combustion in wildfires. The Triassic has long been regarded as a period without evidence of wildfires; however, recent studies on macro-charcoal have provided data indicating their occurrence throughout almost the entire Triassic. Still, the macro-palaeobotanical record is scarce and the study of micro-charcoal from palynological residue is seen as very promising to fill the gap in our current knowledge on Triassic wildfires. Here, the authors present the first, verified records of micro-charcoal from the Triassic of the Germanic Basin, complementing the scarce macro-charcoal evidence of wildfires during Buntsandstein, Muschelkalk and Keuper (Anisian-Rhaetian). The particles analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show anatomical features typical of gymnosperms, a major element of the early Mesozoic vegetation following the initial recovery phase after the PT-boundary event. From the continuously increasing dataset of Triassic charcoal, it becomes apparent that the identification of wildfires has a huge potential to play a crucial role in future studies, deciphering Triassic climate dynamics. The first SEM study of micro-charcoal from palynological residue spanning the entire Triassic period, presented here, is a key technique to further unravel the charcoal record as a puzzle piece in palaeoclimate reconstruction.

6

Quaternary environmental changes at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine) based on palaeobotanical studies

75%

Stachowicz-Rybka R. , Granoszewski W. , Hrynowiecka-Czmielewska A.

|

tom Vol. 79, No 3

279-288

EN

The unique nature of the Starunia palaeontological site, where nearly perfectly preserved large mammals were discovered at the beginning of the 20th century, and also the incompletely researched history of the Pleistocene vegetation of the region, provided the necessary stimulus to undertake further complex palaeobotanical investigations. The Pleistocene and Holocene sediments filling the Velyky Lukavets River valley are the object of this type of investigation. Both the succession of vegetation and radiocarbon dating indicate that the formation of biogenic sediments began in the Weichselian Middle Pleniglacial, in the Moershoofd interstadial, and lasted through the Hengelo/Denekamp Interstadial Complex and the Late Glacial and Holocene. Palaeobotanical investigations show the Middle Pleniglacial to have been characterized by an open, forestless landscape. Grassland steppe communities dominated with extremely high proportions of Poaceae, as well as Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, and a number of herbaceous plant taxa. More moist places were occupied by dwarf shrub tundra with Betula nana, Alnus viridis, and Cyperaceae. Small changes in the character of the vegetation resulting from climatic oscillations made their mark through a slight increase in the proportion of tree-birches, fir and pine. The record of Late Weichselian plant succession in the Velyky Lukavets River valley also documents the dominance of open habitats with a preponderance of steppe and steppe-tundra communities and a dry, continental climate. Only with the beginning of the Holocene did an improvement in climate conditions lead to the rapid expansion of forest communities with a dominance of pine accompanied by fir, larch, and trees, which are more demanding in terms of temperature, e.g. elm, oak, lime, hornbeam and hazel.

7

Late Glacial palaeoenvironmental changes in the southern part of the Holy Cross Mountains based on the “Białe Ługi” peatland record

75%

Okupny D. , Malkiewicz M. , Pawłowski D. , Ludwikowska-Kędzia M. , Borówka R. K. , Forysiak J. , Michczyński A. , Jucha W. , Cybul P. , Żurek S. , Okupny D. , Malkiewicz M. , Pawłowski D. , Ludwikowska-Kędzia M. , Borówka R. K. , Forysiak J. , Michczyński A. , Jucha W. , Cybul P. , Żurek S.

|

2019

|

tom 36

8

Kaolinite peaks in early Toarcian profiles from the Polish Basin-an inferred record of global warming

75%

Brański P.

|

tom Vol. 54, No 1

15-24

EN

In lower Toarcian clay deposits (Ciechocinek Fm., VIII depositional sequence of the Lower Jurassic) from three boreholes from the Polish Basin, illite-dominated sedimentation representing the lower part of studied interval was interrupted by enhanced kaolinite input. Levels of high kaolinite/illite ratio at the VIIIb/VIIIc parasequence boundary suggest strong continental weathering in a humid-subtropical to tropical climate related to the phase of the early Toarcian global warming recorded at the top of the tenuicostatum Zone and correlated with isotope curves from a number of European sections. Kaolinite enrichment may be locally enhanced by reworking ofpre-Jurassic kaolinitic rocks and differential settling. Diagenetic processes were not sufficient enough to transform the initial kaolinite,but may have altered smectite and mixed-layers into illite and/or chlorite.

9

Reconstructing seasonality using δ18O in incremental layers of human enamel : a test of the analytical protocol developed for SHRIMP IIe/MC ion microprobe

75%

Krzemińska E. , Sołtysiak A. , Czupyt Z. J.

|

2017

|

tom Vol. 61, No. 2

370--383

EN

A number of recent studies dealing with palaeoclimate and environmental reconstruction include the measurement of oxygen isotope composition of mammalian teeth. Some of them analyse a temporal sequence of the changes recorded in bioapatite from enamel layers representing the whole period of tooth development. Enamel samples display large intra-tooth δ18O variations that may reflect a seasonal fluctuation in the δ18O of local palaeoclimate parameters. The present paper provides an effective analytical protocol for sequential δ18O analysis of human teeth using SHRIMP IIe/MC ion microprobe. It is possible to follow the inner enamel layer along enamel-dentine junction on a high spatial scale in a range about 0.02 mm of spot diameter and 0.12–0.14 mm of the distance between spots. Using the methodology described herein, we can achieve an external precision for δ18O analysis <0.2‰ (1σ). The number of 60 to 90 single analyses covering the enamel layer between the incisal and apical ends is enough to obtain temporal resolution of less than one month and to document precisely seasonal fluctuation caused by local environmental and climate factors. The methodology of δ18O in situ measurements has been tested on human teeth from Tell Majnuna, a 4th millennium BCE cemetery in Northern Mesopotamia, which is a relatively arid area with high seasonal differences in precipitation and temperature. Observed pattern of δ18O variations is consistent with expected seasonal fluctuations, although the overall effect is blurred by some inertia in the enamel maturation.

10

Wyniki badań makroszczątków roślin znalezionych w serii witowskiej (południowa Polska)

51%

Brud S. , Worobiec G.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2003

|

tom Vol. 51, nr 5

392-401

PL

Opisano makroszczątki roślin znalezione w osadach serii witowskiej. Zachowały się one w postaci odcisków w słabozwięzłych piaskowcach i mułowcach. Rośliny iglaste reprezentowane są przez gatunek Pinus cf. palaeostrobus (Ettingshausen) Heer oraz szczątki, których nie udało się oznaczyć. Wśród szczątków roślin dwuliściennych oznaczono liść gatunku Zelkova zelkovifolia (Unger) Bůžek et Kotlaba, liście rodzajów Fagus i Populus oraz owoc z rodziny Juglandaceae. Część okazów roślin okrytozalążkowych, których nie udało się bliżej oznaczyć, opisano jako „Leguminosae” sensu Berger oraz Dicotylophyllum. Rośliny jednoliścienne reprezentuje gatunek Spirematospermum wetzleri (Heer) Chandler oraz odcisk fragmentu liścia Monocotyledonae gen. et sp. indet. Skład oriktocenozy wskazuje, że w czasie sedymentacji osadów serii witowskiej w okolicach Witowa występowały lasy łęgowe oraz mezofilne w warunkach bardzo łagodnego klimatu umiarkowanego ciepłego. Obecność szczątków Pinus cf. palaeostrobus (Ettingshausen) Heer, Spirematospermum wetzleri (Heer) Chandler, Zelkova zelkovifolia (Unger) Bůžek et Kotlaba i przedstawiciela rodziny Juglandaceae oraz wyniki analizy pyłkowej wskazują, że wiek tej części serii witowskiej, z której pochodzą omawiane szczątki roślin odpowiada młodszemu neogenowi (późny miocen-pliocen).

EN

Macroremains of plants (leaves, fruits, shoots) in the Witów Series at Witów us impressions preserved in poorly cemented occur and mudstones. Coniferous plants are represented by Pinus cf. palaeostrobus (Ettingshausen) Heer, and other, indeterminate remains. Remains of dicotyledons belong to species Zelkova zelkovifolia (linger) Buzek et Kotlaba, genera Fagus and Populus, and family Juglandaceae. There are also some dicotyledonous fossils ("Leguminosa" sensu Berger, Dicotylophyllum) whose systematic position is unclear. Monocotyledonous plant remains are represented by Spirematospermum wetzleri (Heer) Chandler and Monocotyledonae gen. etsp. indet. Composition of oryctocoenosis found points to presence of riparian and mesophytic forests, as well as mild, warm temperate climate during the period of origin of the Witów Series. Presence of taxa of Pinus cf. palaeostrobus, Spirematospermum wetzleri, Zelkova zelkovifolia and remains of Juglandaceae, as well as results ofpalynological investigations suggest Younger Neogene (Late Miocene-Pliocene) age of the Witów Series with plant remains.

11

Unique geological, palaeobotanical and archaeological site in Witów near Brzesko Nowe (southern Poland)

51%

Bochnak A. , Brud S. , Gawlik A. , Godlewski P. , Worobiec G.

|

tom Vol. 13

125-130

EN

The study area near village Witów situated about 50 kilometres north-east of the Kraków city is famous for its exposed deposits called the "Witów Series" on which palaeobotanical, micro- and macrofaunistic, malacological, sedimentological and petrographical studies have already been performed. From deposits of the Witów Series, plant macroremains belonging to gymnosperms and angiosperms were reported. Pinus cf. palaeostrobus, Zelkova zelkovifolia and Spirematospermum wetzleri are particularly interesting. Results of investigations on fossil plant remains point to the Late Miocene to Pliocene age of the Witów Series. Plant communities that existed in the vicinity of Witów could be compared to recent warm temperate and humid forests of the Colchis and Talysh Lowland in Transcaucasus and to forests of Central China. Presence of remains of termophilous taxa point to warmer climate of the period of sedimentation of the Witów Series than recent climate of Poland. The Witów region is also famous for archaeological localities that has been known since the turn of the twentieth century. The site was being repeatedly settled beginning with the late Stone Age (the Neolithic Period). Traces of the most intensive periods of settlement come from the late Bronze and early Iron Ages (1000-600 BC) and are attributed to the so-called Lusatian culture. The site also yielded a medieval cemetery that can be dated to the turn of the twelfth century AD. This is the first confirmation of the presence of medieval settlements on this site. Location of Witów in the Vistula river valley may have allowed this settlement to control nearby routes and possibly river fords and also probably exercised political control over the surrounding areas. Considering scientific value of the Witów locality and necessity of their protection, creation of natural reserve on this area is suggested.

PL

Stanowisko w Witowie, położone ok. 50 kilometrów na północny wschód od Krakowa, jest znane z odsłonięcia osadów określanych mianem serii witowskiej. Były one przedmiotem badań paleobotanicznych, paleozoologicznych, sedymentologicznych i petrograficznych. W osadach serii witowskiej znaleziono oznaczalne makroszczątki roślin iglastych i okrytozalążkowych. Szczególnie interesujące są kopalne gatunki Pinus cf. palaeostrobus, Zelkova zelkovifolia i Spirematospermum wetzleri. Wyniki badań szczątków roślinnych wskazują na późnomioceński lub plioceński wiek serii witowskiej. Kopalne zbiorowiska roślinne, które występowały w okolicy Witowa można porównać do współczesnych podzwrotnikowych lasów wilgotnych obszaru Kolchidy i Niziny Tałyskiej na Zakaukaziu oraz środkowych Chin. Obecność szczątków roślinności ciepłolubnej wskazuje na cieplejszy niż obecnie klimat okresu sedymentacji serii witowskiej. Witów jest znany także ze stanowisk archeologicznych. Obszar ten od neolitu był wielokrotnie zasiedlany. Ślady najintensywniejszego osadnictwa pochodzą z końca epoki brązu i początków epoki żelaza (1000-600 BC) i są odnoszone do kultury łużyckiej. Na stanowisku w Witowie znaleziono także średniowieczny cmentarz datowany na koniec jedenastego wieku po Chrystusie, będący pierwszym dowodem na obecność średniowiecznego osadnictwa na tym terenie. Położenie Witowa na brzegu doliny Wisły zapewne dawało mu kontrolę nad okolicznymi szlakami oraz, być może, także nad brodami. Możliwe, że Witów sprawował także polityczną kontrolę na otaczających go terenach. Biorąc pod uwagę naukową wartość stanowiska w Witowie i wynikającą stąd konieczność jego ochrony, postulowane jest utworzenie na jego obszarze rezerwatu przyrody.

12

The mineralogical record of the Early Toarcian stepwise climate changes and other environmental variations (Ciechocinek Formation, Polish Basin)

51%

Brański P.

|

tom Vol. 10, no. 1

1--24

EN

After the cooling episode of the Late Pliensbachian, a major oceanic anoxic event occurred during the prominent warming event of the Early Toarcian (183 Myr; Early Jurassic). In this paper, new mineralogical and geochemical data (XRD, XRF, SEM, and TOC) measured on four cores from the Polish Basin are presented in order to document the regional impacts of these disturbances at a high sampling resolution. The results show that the clay mineral assemblages (<2 μm fraction) and vertical variations in kaolinite content are generally similar basin-wide and were controlled by the intensity of chemical weathering and climate changes. However, sea-level changes and variations in terrigenous supply are reflected in the bulk rock data. The spatial variability in clay mineral proportions may also be influenced by the distance from shoreline and the lithology of source areas. Generally, the clay minerals from the Polish Basin confirm the stepped nature of the Early Toarcian warming event. After a predominance of illite in the lower part of the Ciechocinek Fm., which suggests a temperate climate in the early tenuicostatum Zone, rises in kaolinite in the middle part of the Ciechocinek Fm. indicate a stronger weathering rate and high rainfall due to the onset of the warming event in the late tenuicostatum Zone. Importantly, the initial phase of climate change recorded by clay minerals seems to slightly precede the first step of the negative carbon isotope excursion ascribed to massive greenhouse gas releases.

13

Dinosaur footprints from the Thaiat ridge and their palaeoenvironmental background, Jaisalmer Basin, Rajastan, India

51%

Pieńkowski G. , Brański P. , Pandey D. K. , Schlögl J. , Alberti M. , Fürsich F. T.

Volumina Jurassica

|

2015

|

tom Vol. 13, no. 1

17--26

EN

Two dinosaur footprints: Eubrontes cf. giganteus and Grallator tenuis, both attributed to theropods, have been found in the Lower Jurassic Thaiat Member of the Lathi Formation at the Thaiat ridge, near Jaisalmer in western Rajasthan, India. The footprints were left in sediments of a tidal origin, located in profile a few meters above a marked transgressive/flooding surface. They show different states of preservation – the smaller Grallator tenuis represents a well-preserved concave epirelief footprint on the upper surface of a sandstone containing nerineid gastropod shells, while the bigger Eubrontes cf. giganteus footprint shows a rare state of preservation as a positive epirelief on the top of a calcareous sandstone bed, where recent erosion exposed the footprint cast by removing the mud above and around the footprint. The Thaiat ridge section has been amended in its lower part, to indicate the marked transgressive surface. Geochemical analyses and calculated weathering indices (such as CIA) show that the hinterland climate was seasonal to semi-arid during deposition of that part of the succession.

14

Triassic-Jurassic flora of Poland; floristical support of climatic changes

51%

Barbacka M. , Pacyna G. , Feldman-Olszewska A. , Ziaja J. , Bodor E.

|

tom Vol. 64, no. 3

281--309

EN

Plant macroremains from five boreholes in Poland were studied. Two of them (Huta OP-1 and Studzianna) from the northern margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, yielded several taxa. In the other three boreholes determinable fossil plants were sporadic, albeit important. Most of the taxa from the Huta OP-1 and Studzianna boreholes are typical of the European Early Jurassic (Hettangian and Sinemurian). Both localities, although close to one another, show quite different taxonomic floral compositions. The Huta OP-1 flora is fern-dominated with the presence of ginkgophytes and conifers (a new species incertae sedis, Desmiophyllum harrisii Barbacka et Pacyna is herein proposed), which would suggest rather wet and warm conditions. This flora is typical of the European Province of the Euro-Sinian Region. In Studzianna the Siberian elements dominate, gymnosperms, mainly Czekanowskiales, which indicate a drier and colder environment.The palaeobotanical data correspond to the results of clay mineral studies, in particular the kaolinite/illite ratio in the source formations. The kaolinite content confirms a decrease in temperature and a reduction in rainfall in the late Early Hettangian and the latest Hettangian in the area.

15

Evolution of Early Pleistocene fluvial systems in central Poland prior to the first ice sheet advance – a case study from the Bełchatów lignite mine

51%

Goździk J. , Zieliński T.

Geologos

|

2017

|

tom Vol. 23, No. 2

89--107

EN

Deposits formed between the Neogene/Pleistocene transition and into the Early Pleistocene have been studied, mainly on the basis of drillings and at rare, small outcrops in the lowland part of Polish territory. At the Bełchatów lignite mine (Kleszczów Graben, central Poland), one of the largest opencast pits in Europe, strata of this age have long been exposed in extensive outcrops. The present paper is based on our field studies and laboratory analyses, as well as on research data presented by other authors. For that reason, it can be seen as an overview of current knowledge of lowermost Pleistocene deposits at Bełchatów, where exploitation of the Quaternary overburden has just been completed. The results of cartographic work, sedimentological, mineralogical and palynological analyses as well as assessment of sand grain morphology have been considered. All of these studies have allowed the distinction of three Lower Pleistocene series, i.e., the Łękińsko, Faustynów and Krzaki series. These were laid down in fluvial environments between the end of the Pliocene up to the advance of the first Scandinavian ice sheet on central Poland. The following environmental features have been interpreted: phases of river incision and aggradation, changes of river channel patterns, source sediments for alluvia, rates of aeolian supply to rivers and roles of fluvial systems in morphological and geological development of the area. The two older series studied, i.e., Łękińsko and Faustynów, share common characteristics. They were formed by sinuous rivers in boreal forest and open forest environments. The Neogene substratum was the source of the alluvium. The younger series (Krzaki) formed mainly in a braided river setting, under conditions of progressive climatic cooling. Over time, a gradual increase of aeolian supply to the fluvial system can be noted; initially, silt and sand were laid down, followed by sand only during cold desert conditions. These fluvio-periglacial conditions are identified in the foreground of the advance of the oldest ice sheet into this part of central Poland. The series studied have been compared with other fluvial successions which accumulated in the Kleszczów Graben during subsequent glaciations so as to document general changes in fluvial systems as reactions to climatic evolution. Thus, a palaeoenvironmental scenario has emerged which could be considered to be characteristic of central Poland during the Early Pleistocene.