Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Full-Time Homemakers: Workers Who Cannot “Go Home and Relax”

100%

Habib R. R. , Fathallah F. A. , Messing K.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

|

2010

|

tom Vol. 16, No. 1

113--128

EN

This paper examined how musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of female homemakers were studied in the literature. It also presented preliminary findings from field observations of housework and fulltime homemakers in urban settings. PubMed, Ergonomics Abstracts, Sociofile, and PsycINFO databases were used in the literature search. The review focused on comparing demands of housework and paid work. Also, exposure factors found in studies of various occupations were compared with the results of field observations of housework in 4 homes in Beirut, Lebanon. Few studies systematically examined associations between MSDs and risk factors in housework. Some well-known risk factors for MSDs were identified in the Beirut homes; however, other unique factors were noted. Housework activities expose homemakers to known risk factors for MSDs, which calls for further studies to identify appropriate intervention and prevention strategies.

2

Paid Work and Social Security (Remarks Against the Background of Labour Market Transformation)

75%

Mitrus L.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

|

2015

|

tom 24

|

nr 3

EN

The present elaboration is dedicated to the analysis of labour market transformation since the codification of Polish labour law to the present day. Author emphasizes that the legal form of paid activity determines the legal status of the person concerned, both with relation to stability of employment and social security protection. Under centrally planned economy, the employment contract for an indefinite duration constituted the basic form of paid activity. Currently, however, various forms of work performance co-exist, many of them remain outside the scope of labour law. Author indicates deep segmentation of current labor market. He also pays attention to the fact that paid work quite often ensures neither life stability nor proper social protection.

PL

Niniejszy tekst jest poświęcony analizie przekształceń rynku pracy, począwszy od kodyfikacji polskiego prawa pracy do czasów współczesnych. Autor wskazuje, że prawna forma prowadzonej działalności zarobkowej przesądza o statusie danej osoby, zarówno w kontekście stabilizacji zatrudnienia, jak i ochrony z zakresu ubezpieczeń społecznych. W realiach gospodarki centralnie sterowanej umowa o pracę na czas nieokreślony stanowiła podstawową formę działalności zarobkowej. Obecnie współistnieją jednak różne formy świadczenia pracy zarobkowej, często pozostające poza zakresem prawa pracy. Autor zwraca uwagę na głęboką segmentację współczesnego rynku pracy, a także na fakt, że praca zarobkowa często nie zapewnia stabilizacji życiowej ani odpowiedniego poziomu bezpieczeństwa socjalnego.

3

"Musím se tvářit, že je všechno v naprostém pořádku": menstruace, ženská těla a svět pracovních organizací

75%

Poncarová P. , Dudová R.

Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research

|

2024

|

tom 25

|

nr 1

80-105

EN

Menstruation in the world of work organisations has so far from a sociological perspective remained an unexplored topic. Using exploratory research and the grounded theory method, this article seeks to capture how Czech women cope with menstruation in the workplace. Women interested in participating in the research were first asked to answer a short online questionnaire. From this pool we chose nineteen women (ages 21–66) who differed from each other in terms of their professions, age, and the extent to which menstruation is limiting for them and conducted qualitative interviews with them. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and subsequently coded and analysed. This coding led to the creation of categories and themes representing menstruation management and its different strategies and the different usage of menstrual aids, menstruation in the space-time of work organisations, social norms associated with menstruation, planning associated with menstruation, and menstruation as a reminder of corporeality. The analysis showed that menstruating women face many obstacles while doing their paid work, which can discriminate them. Furthermore, it has been found that menstruation restricts women when performing their work. Menstruating women must adhere to social norms that dictate that they must conceal their menstruation and its attendant symptoms. The space-time of work organisations may not always correspond to the needs of menstruating women, whether they use disposable menstrual aids or more sustainable options. The research also addresses the fact that women‘s corporality within work organizations largely differs from men‘s corporality. Because the male body does not have specific needs like the menstruating body, it can be ignored, whereas women cannot ignore their bodies.

4

ZATRZYMANA REWOLUCJA? ZMIANY W PODZIALE PRACY W GOSPODARSTWACH DOMOWYCH – MIĘDZYNARODOWE BADANIA PORÓWNAWCZE

51%

Michoń P.

Polityka Społeczna

|

2015

|

tom 42

|

nr 2(491)

27-33

EN

The idea of stalled revolution appears in the writings on division of work, particularly housework, in the households. The literature is dominated with the studies that focus on the division of housework without taking paid work into consideration; the studies related primarily to the very rich countries, and often lack the distinction between couples where both partners are employed and couples where one of the partners is not employed. The purpose of the paper is to compare the distribution of paid and unpaid work in the households in countries with different level of wealth. The main conclusion of the empirical study: along with the enrichment of the population decreases the amount of paid and unpaid work in the household, and the decline relates mostly to women.

PL

O zatrzymanej rewolucji pisze się w kontekście podziału pracy w gospodarstwach domowych, a szczególnie w odniesieniu do obciążenia kobiet pracą niepłatną. W literaturze na temat pracy niepłatnej dominuje ujęcie, w którym autorzy poświęcają uwagę głównie podziałowi pracy niepłatnej w domu, badając ją w oderwaniu od pracy płatnej; badania dotyczą przede wszystkim krajów bogatych; a przy tym często brakuje w nich rozróżnienia na pary, w których oboje partnerów pracuje zawodowo i pary, w których jeden z partnerów pozostaje w domu. Celem artykułu jest porównanie podziału pracy płatnej i niepłatnej w gospodarstwach domowych w krajach o zróżnicowanym poziomie bogactwa. Podstawowy wniosek z przeprowadzonego badania: wraz z bogaceniem się społeczeństw maleje ilość pracy płatnej i niepłatnej wykonywanej w gospodarstwie domowym, a spadek ten dotyczy głównie kobiet.