Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Próby interpretacji nauki o grzechu pierworodnym w świetle teorii ewolucji w teologii katolickiej

100%

Stwora T.

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tom 14

453-468

EN

Attempts of explaining the Catholic doctrine of original sin in the light of the theory of evolution are important in the interdisciplinary dialogue between theology and natural sciences. Solutions, proposed by theologians, can be divided into three main groups. Initially the dominating concepts justified monogenism (Adam as the only origin of humanity), while taking the neutral position towards natural sciences, and basing on conclusions drawn from the doctrinal teaching of the Church and biblical exegesis (e.g. young K. Rahner, L. Scheffczyk). In the 60s of the twentieth century, there were studies which were open to natural sciences and the evolutionary vision of the world. There were attempts of reconciling polygenism (a primary community instead of an indi-vidual Adam) with the dogma of original sin, while respecting the indivisible source of the origi-nal sin (late K. Rahner, Z. Alszeghy, M. Flick, R. Schwager). Concurrently, there were theologi-cal suggestions which under the influence of interdisciplinary dialogue gave up on monogenism, individual sinner, and any first sinful community (P. Teilhard de Chardin).

2

Galen, Body and Soul in Vita Cyrilli XI, 13–20

88%

Daiber T.

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tom 11

75-90

EN

The paper points to a hitherto not recognized quotation from Galen in the Old Church Slavonic Life of S. Cyril of the 9th century (chapter XI, 15) which demonstrates the Galenic maxim “contraria contrariis curentur”. The Galenic argument is brought forth by the Christian philosopher Cyril in a discussion with Jewish theologians. The paper firstly demonstrates that the author of VC does not only enrich Cyril’s speech with allusions to Biblical formulations but makes also the Jewish interlocutors use a direct quotation from Paul’s Epistle to the Colossians. The Christian and Jewish arguments complement each other leading to the ultimate Christian answer that Christ is the real physician to heal body and soul. In contextualizing the findings and pointing to another passage of Vita Cyrilli the paper shows, that the metaphor of “Christ, the physician” both times occurs in a context, where the Original sin is the main topic. Finally, the paper is concerned with the rhetoric of the metaphor and the limits of what can be possibly expressed by it. The ultimate healing in a Christian sense is expressed in the faith into bodily resurrection and thus transcends the comparison with concrete physical therapy. In contrast to concrete bodily health the qualities of a “body of the resurrection” cannot be positively named and thus are designated by the metaphor of “enjoying the fruit” in the heavens.

3

Optymizm antropologiczny w świetle nauki o grzechu pierworodnym

75%

Przyślak P.

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nr 2

123-149

EN

Original sin has destroyed human nature. Man redeemed by Christ is constantly suffering the consequences of this corruption. However, observing modern society, one can get the impression that many thinkers and scientists do not seem to understand what the consequences of original sin are, and thus fall into too optimism. This optimism was called by the author anthropological optimism. Presenting three manifestations of this optimism, the author sought the answer to the question whether the science of original sin somehow influences its understanding and whether it can help to assess this optimism. Using the methods available to him, the author came to the conclusion that the current of his thought contradicts the science of original sin, which constitutes its falsehood. It follows that the practical application of anthropological optimism can lead to humiliation of the dignity of the human person, unsustainable human development, and the establishment of rights incompatible with the proper human dignity. The author finally notes that the current social situation, which is largely due to the practical use of the idea of anthropological optimism, requires constant deepening and courageous opposition to it.

4

Między bezużytecznością a obwinianiem. funkcje koncepcji grzechu pierworodnego we współczesnej myśli katolickiej

63%

Kaźmierczak Z.

IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

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2013

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tom 25

199-210

EN

The article Between Uselessness and Inculpating. The Functions of the Concept of the Original Sin in the Modern Catholic Thought concentrates on the meaning of original sin in the thought of the pope John Paul II. On one hand the concept of original sin seems to be useless since it is not used as an argument in the reﬂection on the concrete human suﬀering in the main document dealing with this topic, Salviﬁci doloris. The author discovers, however, that the concept of original sin may play a major role in the process of inculpating human beings. In this sense its function is similar to the concept of redemptive suﬀering that is the most important explanation of human suﬀering according to Salviﬁci doloris. The function of the latter is to change traditional meaning of the theodicy by creating a basis for what may be called “anthropodicy”, which is a tendency to accuse and justify man in the face of suﬀering in the world. In uncomfortable points of Christian doctrine absolute creativity of God is unexpectedly replaced by the powerful creativity of man.

5

Zarys antropologii Kościoła greckiego

63%

Huculak B. J.

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2015

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tom 1

EN

The lecture deals with the peculiarity of the anthropology of Eastern Christians, which in broad outline is already present in the writings of many Greek Fathers. It consists especially in considering state of divine grace as divinisation (théôsis) of man. Its other distinctive features are real diff erence between image and likeness of God and threefold composition of man, according to Platonic expression of saint Paul: „your spirit and soul and body” (1 Thess 5, 23). Because Greek anthropology basicly agrees with Latine doctrine and in the new orthodox theology it obtains more and more attention, it seems that exchange of ideas in this field between Western and Eastern theologians is advisable, also in order to facilitate their dialogue on the main subjects.

6

Grzech pierworodny jako negacja wdzięczności. Próba odczytania konfesyjnie zróżnicowanych interpretacji

63%

Maciążek W.

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tom 9

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nr 1

149-159

EN

The given study attempts to describe two interpretations of original sin that can be understood as negation of gratitude. The first one was suggested by an orthodox theologian Alexander Schmemann and emphasises the “noneucharistic” character of the world after original sin. The second term “antidoxology” is present in the writings of Brian Brock who is an Anglican theologian. Despite the fact that these two terms have denominationally diversified background, they try to express a common idea: Adam and Eva were called to show gratitude for the received reality but they rejected the fundamental vocation of their existence.

PL

Wśród różnych ujęć grzechu pierworodnego można odnaleźć i takie, których osią jest radykalna negacja powołania do wdzięczności za dobro, którym człowiek został obdarzony w akcie stworzenia. W tym kluczu charakter nowej egzystencji człowieka może być ujęty jako nieeucharystyczny lub antydoksologiczny. Niniejszy tekst podejmuje próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, jaka treść kryje się pod tymi określeniami.

7

Samotność i brak jedności – skutki grzechu pierworodnego

51%

Wiercińska M.

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2013

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tom 5(60)

105-120

EN

The article discusses a few essential matters connected with the original sin: from Adam and Eva to the present day. The first part of the article refers to the sin of First Parents described in The Book of Genesis. It is a reminder of concrete and also universal history of the fall of a human, a trial for finding a reason of this event, as well. The second part debates the parallel of Adam-Christ from The St. Paul’s Letter to Roman – it is about the connection of people in the Adam’s sin and in the Redemption of Christ. The third part analyses a well-known medieval Augustine’s debate with Pelagius because a reason of this dispute was the original sin and to be more precise: a degree of its influence on human nature and on a free will. The fourth part of the article reminds that the original sin was a significant theme for The Reformation and for The Council of Trent. The issue of this argue was a relation between the original sin and concupiscence: for the Protestantism that was a relation of identity, for the Catholicism relation of causality; the issue has remained debatable to the present day. And finally, the fifth part of the article discusses in detail the problem of concupiscence as the heaviest ethically result of the original sin. There were made two valid distinctions in the article. The first one is a methodological distinction, which was made already in the beginning of the article: distinction between the ethical guilt and the ontological result. This differentiation explains in a maximally straight form a mechanism of an influence of the original sin on the entire human race, even on modern people. The second one was made in the two last parts of the article: distinction between the original sin (every sin) and the concupiscence. This differentiation shows that a fight with concupiscence is possible and even necessary to authentic development of a human and rebuilding of interpersonal relations (in the ecumenical aspect: between the Christians), and offers a hope on “the return to the Paradise” (in the ecumenical aspect: recovery of unity of Church in a visible dimension).

PL

Artykuł omawia kilka istotnych kwestii związanych z grzechem pierworodnym: od Adama i Ewy do współczesności. Część pierwsza artykułu dotyczy grzechu Pierwszych Rodziców opisanego w Księdze Rodzaju. Jest przypomnieniem konkretnej i jednocześnie uniwersalnej historii upadku człowieka i próbą znalezienia przyczyny tego wydarzenia. Część druga omawia paralelę Adam–Chrystus z Listu do Rzymian św. Pawła – mowa jest o powiązaniu ludzi w grzechu Adama oraz w Odkupieniu Chrystusa. Trzecia część analizuje słynny średniowieczny spór Pelagiusza z Augustynem, ponieważ przyczyną tego sporu był grzech pierworodny, a dokładniej: stopień jego oddziaływania na ludzką naturę i wolną wolę. Część czwarta artykułu to z kolei przypomnienie, że grzech pierworodny był ważnym tematem dla Reformacji i dla Soboru Trydenckiego. Kwestią sporną była relacja między grzechem pierworodnym a pożądliwością: dla protestantyzmu była to relacja tożsamości, a dla katolicyzmu relacja przyczynowości; kwestia pozostaje nierozstrzygnięta do dnia dzisiejszego. I wreszcie piąta część artykułu omawia bardziej szczegółowo zagadnienie pożądliwości jako etycznie najbardziej uciążliwego skutku grzechu pierworodnego. W artykule dokonano dwóch ważnych rozróżnień. Pierwszym jest rozróżnienie metodologiczne, które zostało dokonane już na samym początku artykułu: rozróżnienie między etyczną winą a ontycznym skutkiem. Rozróżnienie to maksymalnie prosto wyjaśnia mechanizm oddziaływania grzechu pierworodnego na całą ludzkość, nawet na ludzi współczesnych. Drugie rozróżnienie zostało dokonane w dwóch ostatnich częściach artykułu: rozróżnienie między grzechem pierworodnym (każdym grzechem) a pożądliwością. Rozróżnienie to pokazuje, że walka z pożądliwością jest możliwa, a nawet konieczna do prawdziwego rozwoju człowieka i odbudowywania międzyludzkich relacji (w aspekcie ekumenicznym: między chrześcijanami), i daje nadzieję na „powrót do Raju” (w aspekcie ekumenicznym: odzyskanie jedności Kościoła w wymiarze widzialnym).

8

Ecce homo! – dramatyczne podejście do prawdy o człowieku. Innsbrucka teologia dramatyczna w obliczu potrzeb i wyzwań współczesności

44%

Niewiadomski J.

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2015

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tom 1

EN

Pilate’s words “Behold the man” are a good starting point for the dramatic dispute about the truth of humankind. In no way does beholding the tortured victim elicit compassion; rather it increases the mob’s lust for persecution. Although Jesus’ persecution is akin to the persecution of countless scapegoats throughout human history, his dying is unique. He is in a radical way nonviolent in his dying and free from any wish for revenge. Thus, Christ dies in an act of solidarity with all victims of human history; still his dying is different from theirs. Therefore this death deconstructs the sacrificial order, founded by the murder of a scapegoat; his death reveals the non violent image of God and the image of a man, who is able to give up himself for others (Proexistenz/ sacricium) The founder of Innsbruck Dramatic Theology, Raymund Schwager, therefore viewed Christ’s cross both as a source of new anthropological insights and as a source of life. As a homo perfectus (GS 22) Christ unites himself with all human persons by identifying with all victims of human history and by asking the Father in their place for forgiveness for the perpetrators. These fundamental soteriological positions will be examined in this article for their anthropological consequences. In connection with René Girard’s mimetic theory, theological anthropology is being anchored in an evolutionary world-view and the classical questions about the creation of humanity by God and about original sin are interpreted in a new light. A mimetic conception of human desire stands at the center of this endeavor. The question of a normative anthropology is approached in the context of Christology and Soteriology and is analyzed in the context of the theme pro-existence/sacrifice. The article reflects the general viability of dramatic categories for present-day theological thinking in the face of an intensifying scapegoat-mentality.

9

A Deadly Covenant: Mimetic interpretation of Acts 5:1–11

44%

Burakowska A.

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2013

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nr 32

109-117

EN

This is an attempt of a mimetic interpretation of Acts 5:1‒11. The article juxtaposes the narrative of Ananias and Sapphira with the story of the sudden death of Nadab and Abihu from Lev 10:1‒7. The Author argues that apart from situational resemblance, both passages are similar on a deeper level: they are set at the beginning of new orders. Ananias and Sapphira are Adam and Eve of the early Christian community and like them violate their marital unity. Since marriage has become a symbol of Christ’s faithful and loving relationship to humanity, the couple’s treacherous connivance constitutes the ‘original sin’ of Christianity. Nevertheless, as a sacrificial text, Acts 5:1‒11 has had a negative influence on Christian religiosity.

PL

Autorka podejmuje próbę mimetycznej interpretacji Dz 5,1‒11. W artykule opowiadanie o Ananiaszu i Safirze zostaje zestawione z historią nagłej śmierci Nadaba i Abihu z Kpł 10,1‒7. Autorka stwierdza, że poza sytuacyjnym podobieństwem oba teksty są podobne na głębszym poziomie: umiejscowione są u zarania nowego porządku. Ananiasz i Safira tworzą Adama i Ewę wczesnochrześcijańskiej wspólnoty i podobnie jak oni niszczą małżeńską jedność. Ze względu na to, że małżeństwo stało się symbolem wiernej, miłosnej relacji Chrystusa do ludzkości, oszukańcze współdziałanie pary małżeńskiej z Dz 5,1‒11 stanowi „grzech pierworodny” chrześcijaństwa. Tym niemniej, jako ofiarniczy tekst, Dz 5,1‒11 wywarł negatywny wpływ na chrześcijańską religijność.

10

The Theology of Hiddenness: J. L. Schellenberg, Divine Hiddenness, and the Role of Theology

44%

Dobrzeniecki M. , King D.

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nr 3

105-122

PL

Boże ukrycie i rola teologii Artykuł zgłębia ideę Pascala, zgodnie z którą nauczanie Kościoła zakłada ukrycie Boga, a zatem nie ma nic dziwnego w fakcie występowania niewiary bez oporu. Aby to pokazać, artykuł przywołuje doktryny Wcielenia, Kościoła jako Ciała Chrystusa i grzechu pierworodnego. Pierwsza wskazuje, że może istnieć większa niż niewiara przeszkoda w tworzeniu więzi międzyludzkich z Bogiem, a mianowicie ontologiczna przepaść między Nim a osobami ludzkimi. Przyjęcie natury ludzkiej przez Syna Bożego może być postrzegane jako lekarstwo na ten problem. Doktryna o Kościele ukazuje go jako cel sam w sobie, z kolei aby Kościół miał sens, musi istnieć niewiara na świecie. Wreszcie dogmat o grzechu pierworodnym pokazuje, że kategoria całkowicie nieopornej niewiary jest pusta. Artykuł odnosi się również do „strategii dostosowawczej” Schellenberga z perspektywy teologii chrześcijańskiej, a w ostatniej części bada, jaki powinien być wpływ faktu ukrytości na teologiczne ujęcie Bożego Objawienia.

EN

The paper explores Pascal’s idea according to which the teachings of the Church assume the hiddenness of God, and, hence, there is nothing surprising in the fact of the occurrence of nonresistant nonbelief. In order to show it the paper invokes the doctrines of the Incarnation, the Church as the Body of Christ, and the Original Sin. The first one indicates that there could be greater than nonbelief obstacle in forming interpersonal bonds with God, namely the ontological chasm between him and human persons. The assumption of the human nature by the Son of God could be seen as a cure for this problem. The doctrine of the Church shows it as an end in itself, and in order for the Church to have meaning and to exist there has to be nonbelief in the world. Finally, the dogma of the Original Sin shows that there is no category of purely nonresistant nonbelief. The paper also addresses Schellenberg’s “accommodationist strategy” from the perspective of the Christian theology and in the last part it investigates what should be the influence of the fact of the hiddenness on theology’s take on the divine revelation.