Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Preliminary studies of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediment, water and fish samples from Ethiope River, Abraka Axis, Southern Nigeria

100%

Edjere O. , Ukpebor J. E. , Emebu S. , Okieimen F. E.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2020

|

tom 80

2

Isolation and characterization of an endosulfan-degrading strain, Stenotrophomonas sp. LD-6, and its potential in soil bioremediation

100%

Yu F.-B. , Shinawar W. A. , Sun J.-Y. , Luo L.-P.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2012

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tom 61

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nr 4

EN

Aerobic bacteria degrading endosulfan were isolated from contaminated sludge. One of the isolates, LD-6, was identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. The bacterium could utilize endosulfan as the sole source of carbon and sulfur. 100 mg/l endosulfan was completely degraded within 10 days, and endosulfan diol and endosulfan ether were detected as major metabolites with a slight decrease in culture pH. The results indicated that Stenotrophomonas. sp. LD-6 might degrade endosulfan by a non-oxidative pathway. Biodegradation of both isomers was relatively better at a temperature range of 25–35°C, with a maximum at 30°C. In addition, cell crude extract of strain LD-6 could metabolize endosulfan rapidly, and degradative enzymes were intracellular distributed and constitutively expressed. Besides, application of the strain was found to promote the removal of endosulfan in soil. This study might help with the future research in better understanding of the biodegradation.

3

Transport of pesticides to the sea by the Vistula River

100%

Taylor R. , Bogacka T.

Oceanologia

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1979

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tom 11

4

Differences of chloroorganic pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls bioaccumulation in selected organisms from the Gulf of Gdansk

100%

Sapota G.

Oceanological Studies

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2002

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tom 31

|

nr 1-2

5

Persistent organochlorine pesticide, lead, cadmium, nitrate [V] and nitrate [III] in Polish milk and dairy products

84%

Radzyminska M. , Smoczynski S. S. , Kopec M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2008

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tom 17

|

nr 1

95-100

EN

This study was aimed at determining the effect of the region of origin of dairy products and their type on the concentration of extrinsic chemical compounds (lead, cadmium, sum of DDT, γ HCH, total PCB, nitrates (V) and nitrates III). The experimental material included samples of milk, cream, fresh white cheese and butter originating from the central, western and southeastern regions of Poland. Statistically significant differences (at a level of p<0.05) were found in concentrations of γ HCH, lead and cadmium between products originating from particular regions examined. In analyzing the type of a dairy product, significantly higher contents of Σ DDT were noted in milk (average 0.056 mg·kg⁻¹ of fat). In turn, a significantly higher level of PCB was determined in fresh white cheese (average 0.047 mg·kg⁻¹ of fat). Butter was found to contain the lowest level of cadmium (mean: 0.001, range < 0.01-0.003 mg·kg⁻¹) and lead (mean: 0.08, range: 0.05-0.012 mg·kg⁻¹), as compared to the other products. The mean contents of the compounds analyzed in the study were lower than those stipulated as permissible in Poland.

6

Accumulation of organochlorine pesticides in vegetation around of places of their storage

84%

Ivankiv M. , Vovk S. , Marcynovsky V.

Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis. Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica

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2014

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tom 32

PL

Artykuł dotyczy problemu zanieczyszczenia ekosystemu pestycydami i remediacji zanieczyszczonych gleb. Przestawiono wstępne wyniki badań akumulacji pestycydów chloroorganicznych, takich jak DDT i jego metabolitów (DDE, DDD), HCH i jego izomerów – alfa, beta i gamma w roślinności z terenów przyległych do magazynów przeterminowanych środków ochrony roślin w miejscowości Viazova i miejscowości Hlynsko w dzielnicy Zowkiwskyj w Obwodzie Lwowskim.

EN

This article deals with issues that relate to pollution of ecosystem by pesticides and restoration of polluted soils. The results of exploratory studies on the accumulation of trace organochlorine pesticides, such as DDT and its metabolites (DDE, DDD), HCH and its isomers – alpha, beta and gamma and heptachlor, in vegetation in areas adjacent to the warehouses of obsolete pesticides in the village Viazova and village Hlynsko of Zhovkivsky district of Lviv region are presented in the article.

7

Validation of the analytical method for the simultaneous determination of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in human blood serum by gas chromatography with micro-electron capture detector

84%

Matuszak M. , Minorczyk M. , Goralczyk K. , Hernik A. , Strucinski P. , Liszewska M. , Czaja K. , Korcz W. , Lyczewska M. , Ludwicki J. K.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2016

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tom 67

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nr 2

EN

Background. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as other persistent organic pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) pose a significant hazard to human health, mainly due to interference with the endocrine system and carcinogenetic effects. Humans are exposed to these substances mainly through a food of animal origin. These pollutants are globally detected in human matrices which requires to dispose reliable and simple analytical method that would enable further studies to assess the exposure of specific human populations to these compounds. Objective. The purpose of this study was to modify and validate of the analytical procedure for the simultaneous determination of selected PBDEs, PCBs and OCPs in human blood serum samples. Material and Methods. The analytical measurement was performed by GC-μECD following preparation of serum samples (denaturation, multiple extraction, lipid removal). Identity of the compounds was confirmed by GC-MS. Results. The method was characterised by the appropriate linearity, good repeatability (CV below 20%). The recoveries ranged from 52.9 to 125.0% depending on compound and level of fortification. The limit of quantification was set at 0.03 ng mL-1 of serum. Conclusions. The modified analytical method proved to be suitable for the simultaneous determination of selected PBDEs, PCBs and OCPs in human blood serum by GC-μECD with good precision.

PL

Wprowadzenie. Obecność w środowisku polibromowanych difenyloetrów (PBDE), podobnie jak innych trwałych zanieczyszczeń organicznych, do których zaliczane są polichlorowane bifenyle (PCB) i pestycydy chloroorganiczne stanowi istotne zagrożenie dla zdrowia ludzi. Substancje te mają m.in. zdolność do zaburzania równowagi układu hormonalnego i wywoływania efektów nowotworowych. Głównym źródłem narażenia ludzi na te substancje jest żywność, głównie pochodzenia zwierzęcego. Związki te wykrywane są w wielu matrycach biologicznych, co stwarza potrzebę dysponowania wiarygodną i prostą metodą analityczną, która umożliwiłaby ocenę narażenia różnych populacji na te związki. Cel badań. Celem pracy była modyfikacja i walidacja metody analitycznej przydatnej do jednoczesnego oznaczania stężeń wybranych kongenerów PBDE i PCB, a także pestycydów chloroorganicznych w surowicy krwi u ludzi. Materiał i metody. Oznaczanie stężeń wybranych związków prowadzono za pomocą GC-μECD po uprzednim przygotowaniu próbki surowicy (denaturacja, kilkukrotna ekstrakcja, usunięcie tłuszczu). Potwierdzanie tożsamości związków wykonywano z zastosowaniem GC-MS. Wyniki. Metoda charakteryzuje się odpowiednią liniowością, dobrą powtarzalnością (CV poniżej 20%). Uzyskane wartości odzysków mieściły się w zakresie od 52,9 do 125% w zależności od badanej substancji i poziomu fortyfikacji. Granica oznaczalności dla wszystkich badanych związków wynosi 0,03 ng mL-1 surowicy. Wnioski. Zaprezentowana metoda analityczna została uznana za odpowiednią do jednoczesnego oznaczania wybranych kongenerów PBDE, PCB oraz pestycydów chloroorganicznych w surowicy krwi metodą GC-μECD.

8

Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in dried cocoa

84%

Abiodun Olaniran O. , Oyerinde Ajiboye E. , Abiodun Adebayo T. , Adelani Babarinde S. , Omolola Adedosu H. , Olulakin Adesina G.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2016

|

tom 54

EN

Organochlorine pesticide residues in dried cocoa beans from selected towns in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria were determined. Four towns Ondo and Idanre (Ondo State) and Ife and Ilesa (Osun State) were selected to represent cocoa producing areas in the states. Samples were extracted and cleaned-up on silica gel adsorbent. Pesticide residues were detected using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Five organochlorine pesticides were detected in the samples from Ondo state which includes alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, delta-HCH, endrin and p p’ DDT. The levels of p p’ DDT (0.108 mg/kg and 0.107 mg/kg) detected in samples from Ondo and Idanre towns were lower than the EU MRL (0.5 mg/kg), while other detected organochlorine pesticide residues from the State were higher than the EU MRL. In Osun State, alpha-HCH, lindane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor-epoxide, endosulfan I and p p’ DDT were organochlorine pesticide residues detected, with lindane (0.074 mg/kg), endosulfan I (0.099 mg/kg) and p p’ DDT (0.235 mg/kg) being lower than EU MRLs. Higher levels of organochlorine pesticide residues than the EU MRLs suggest that the produce were not safe for human consumption because of the tendency of the pestsides to persist for a long period of time and as well bioaccumulate within the environment. The produce can also face trade threat in international market. Measures were suggested to ameliorate this situation.

9

Evaluation of the status of contamination of arable soils in Poland with DDT and HCH residues; national and regional scales

84%

Maliszewska-Kordybach B. , Smreczak B. , Klimkowicz-Pawlas A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2014

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tom 23

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nr 1

EN

The aim of our study was to evaluate the content of organochlorine pesticides (DDTs and HCHs) in the upper layer of arable soils in Poland. 214 soil samples were analyzed for the content of three HCH congeners (α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH) and three DDT compounds (pp’DDT, pp’DDE, and pp’DDD). The median soil concentration of Σ3DDT was 24.39 μg·kg⁻¹, while for Σ3HCH it was 2.85 μg·kg⁻¹ with the highest contribution of γ-HCH isomer. Polish criteria for agricultural soils not polluted with DDTs are met by half of the samples. In the case of γ-HCH the Polish limit value of 0.5 μg·kg⁻¹ was met in 6.5% of the samples. However, according to the less restrictive systems applied in other countries (Canada, Romania) none of the soil samples create a hazard due to contamination with DDTs, and only 6-11% exhibit too high concentrations of γ- HCH (residues of Lindane). The mean contents of DDTs and γ-HCH in soils from different provinces varied widely with the reverse interdependence of both groups of pesticides. The districts with the highest concentrations of DDT (Podlaskie, Wielkopolskie, and Mazowieckie) were characterized by the lowest mean residues of Lindane. This suggests the long-term effects of the prescriptive state system of distribution of pesticides used in Poland more than 40 years ago.

10

Examining the effect of the type of roofing on pollutant content in roof runoff waters from buildings in selected districts of the city of Gdansk

84%

Polkowska Z.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2004

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tom 13

|

nr 2

EN

This paper presents results of research regarding concentration levels of selected pollutants in samples of roof runoff waters from buildings. The concentrations of the following analytes were marked: organonitrogen, organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides, the cations: Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2 and the anions: F-, Br-, Cl-, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-, furthermore, measurements of conductance and pH value were performed. Samples were collected in several districts of the city of Gdańsk (Karczemki, Osowa, Przymorze) with old and modern-type buildings with various types of roofing. Catchings were taken over a period of 6 months, always during rainfall. The results obtained allowed us to assess the presence and concentration of the given analytes contained in roof runoff waters from buildings, and so, their contribution to the general pollution of runoff waters. A correlation between the type of roofing and the level of concentration of particular analyte groups was noted, which shows that the materials that roofs are made from (as surfaces and as materials) can be an additional factor influencing the pollution of waters running off them.

11

Organochlorine pesticides concentration in the drinking water from regions of extensive agriculture in Poland

84%

Badach H. , Nazimek T. , Kaminski R. , Turski W. A.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2000

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tom 07

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nr 1

12

Levels of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] in pikeperch [Stizostedion lucioperca L.] from selected lakes of Varmia and Mazuria

84%

Zasadowski A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

1996

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tom 05

|

nr 6

EN

This paper presents the results of studies on the content of organochlorine pesticides and poly- chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in muscle tissue of pikeperch caught in some lakes (Wadąg, Długie, Jeziorak) of Varmia and Mazuria, North-East Poland. Levels of DDT, DDD, DDE, y-HCH and PCBs were determined with gas chromatography. The results revealed relatively low content of these substances in pikeperch meat, although their levels differed depending on the place where the fish were caught. Average level of I DDT and PCBs residues was the highest in the muscles of fish caught in Długie Lake, amounting respectively to 1448 (μg/kg and 700 μg/kg of the extracted fat. The highest average concentration of y-HCH (83 (μg/kg of fat) was observed in pikeperch caught in Jeziorak Lake.

13

Residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] in adipose fat of geese and turkeys from the Region of Varmia and Mazuria [1996]

84%

Zasadowski A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

1997

|

tom 06

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nr 4

EN

This paper presents the results of studies on the levels of organochlorine pesticides (HCH, DDT, DDE, DDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the adipose tissue of geese and turkeys in Varmia and Mazuria. The birds were slaughtered in summer 1996. Average level of JDDT residues in adipose fat of geese was 89.3 μg/kg and of y-HCH 0.8 μg/kg, while turkey fat contained 13.6 μg/kg and 2.5 μg/kg, respectively. Average residues of PCBs in goose adipose fat amounted to 5.1 μg/kg, and in turkey fat - to 4.9 μg/kg. DDT dominated in both, goose and turkey fat, DDE percentage was twice higher in turkey fat than in geese, while DDD levels were a little lower in turkeys than in geese. These results add to the inventory of residues of these xenobiotics in the tissues of domestic birds bred in Northeastern Poland.

14

Bioaccumulation of DDT and its metabolites in the Miedzyodrze ecosystem, Poland

67%

Tomza-Marciniak A. , Witczak A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2009

|

tom 18

|

nr 3

467-474

EN

The aim of this study was to estimate the degree of DDT and its metabolite bioaccumulation (biotasediment accumulation factor, BSAF and biota-water accumulation factor, BCF) in certain aquatic biota collected from the lower Oder River. The study comprised surface water and sediments, as well as soft tissue of compressed river mussel (Anodonta complanata) and certain organs of roach (Rutilus rutilus) and spinycheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus). Regarding a 30-year-old ban on DDT use in Poland, relatively low concentrations of the compound were expected. DDT and its metabolites were detected in all the examined samples. ΣDDT levels in water and sediments averaged 0.157 ± 0.068 µg/dm³ and 11.478 ± 2.292 µg/kg d.w., respectively. Roach organs contained higher levels of these compounds than crayfish and bivalves. DDT was accumulated mainly in the liver and gonads (45.823 ± 9.845 and 19.815 ± 4.854 µg ΣDDT/kg w.w., respectively). In roach organs p,p’ DDE predominated. BSAF values for p,p’ DDE and p,p’ DDD in the liver and p,p’ DDE in the gonads exceeded the predicted theoretical value (2.4). In water and sediment samples from several sites, the DDT/DDE ratio was higher than 1, which indicated fresh input of DDT in the studied area or inhibition of its breakdown.

15

Relationship between biomarker responses and contaminant concentration in selected tissues of flounder (Platichthys flesus) from the Polish coastal area of the Baltic Sea

67%

Napierska D. , Podolska M.

Oceanologia

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2008

|

tom 50

|

nr 3

421-442

EN

Previous studies in the Gulf of Gdańsk discussed the responses of selected enzymatic biomarkers to the contaminant gradient in fish and mussels. In the present study, flounder muscle and liver tissues were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB congeners: 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180), organochlorine pesticides (HCHs, HCB and DDTs), and trace metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Hg, Cr). An attempt was made to identify the relationship between the measured enzymatic biomarker responses (cholinesterases, malic enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase) and contaminant concentrations in selected flounder tissues. The observed differences in enzymatic biomarker levels suggest that chronic exposure to low-concentration mixtures of contaminants may be occurring in the studied area. However, no conclusive evidence was found of a clear link between the biomarker responses and contaminant concentrations in flounder tissues.

16

Distribution of endocrine-disrupting pesticides in water and fish from the Oder River, Poland

67%

Tomza-Marciniak A. , Witczak A.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

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2010

|

tom 40

|

nr 1

EN

Background. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), which act in a similar way to natural hormones, lead to disorders of the endocrine system in animals and humans (endocrine disruptors). Among food products, fish are considered to be the main source of these compounds in the human diet, posing a health risk to consumers. The aim of this study was to determine concentrations in fish and their environment of certain organochlorine pesticides in fish and their environment and to estimate daily intakes (EDI) of individual pesticides from the fish examined. Materials and Methods. Analyses aimed at detecting the pesticides (OCPs: α-, β-, γ-HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin) included samples of water taken from the lower stretch of the Oder River and three fish species, which are commonly harvested in that area. Quantitative analyses were carried out using the Capillary Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry method in a GC MSD HP 6890/5973 apparatus. Results. The study found that concentrations of OCPs in fish gonads were significantly higher than in the muscle tissue. The dominant pesticide compound in gonads of roach and bream was γ-HCH, whilst β-HCH predominated in the muscle tissues of those fishes. Endrin, on the other hand was the major pesticide in the muscle tissue of ide. Mean concentrations of OCPs in the gonads ranged from 0.385 to 0.544 ng∙g–1 wet weight (w.w.) for α-HCH, 0.745 to 0.832 ng∙g–1 w.w. for γ-HCH, 0.479 to 0.576 ng∙g–1 w.w. for dieldrin, and 0.381 to 0.684 ng∙g–1 w.w. for endrin. Concentrations of the studied compounds in the water taken from the Oder River followed the order: endrin > γ-HCH > α-HCH > dieldrin > β-HCH > heptachlor ≈ aldrin > heptachlor epoxide. The highest log BCF was obtained for fish gonads and ranged from 1.5 (endrin) to 3.4 (heptachlor epoxide). Estimated daily intakes (EDI) varied from 0.0014% to 0.097% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI). Conclusion. This study revealed no direct risk linked to the consumption of fish captured from the study area. However, from the ecological aspect, the accumulation of organochlorine residues in fish gonads has been considered a dangerous phenomenon, as this may result in decreased reproduction of fish and other aquatic organisms, potentially leading to their extinction.

17

Evaluation of purity of certain paediatric preparations of plant origin and its significance for the safety of pharmacotherapy. Part 2. Contamination with organochlorine pesticides of paediatric preparations of plant origin

67%

Figura B.

Journal of Elementology

|

2006

|

tom 11

|

nr 3

p.295-305,ref.

EN

Pesticides are a group of synthetic compounds introduced to biocenosis as a result of intentional human activity. Due to their long-lasting presence in the soil, the ability to spread as well as resistance to technological processes, the remains of pesticides can transfer to the human organism, where they cause acute and chronic intoxication. Organochlorine pesticides have been identified in herbal preparations, and especially in herbal and herbal-fruit teas in bags as well as in their infusions. The most commonly identified residues of pesticides found in these preparations include HCH, aldrin, DDE and DMDH. The percentage extraction of organochlorine pesticides is differentiated and ranges from 3 to 95.1.

PL

Pestycydy są grupą związków syntetycznych, wprowadzonych do biocenozy w wyniku zamierzonej decyzji człowieka. Długi czas zalegania w glebie, zdolność rozprzestrzeniania się oraz odporność na procesy technologiczne sprzyjają przedostawaniu się pozostałości pestycydów do organizmu ludzi, gdzie są przyczyną zatruć ostrych i przewlekłych. Pestycydy chlorowcopochodne są obecne w preparatach ziołowych, szczególnie w herbatkach ekspresowych ziołowych i ziołowo-owocowych oraz w naparach z nich sporządzonych. Najczęściej występujące pozostałości pestycydów w tej grupie preparatów to: HCH, aldryna, DDE i DMDT. Ekstrakcja pestycydów chlorowcopochodnych do naparów jest zróżnicowana i wynosi od 26,1 do 95,1%.

18

DDT- and DDE-induced disruption of ovarian steroidogenesis in prepubertal porcine ovarian follicles: a possible interaction with the main steroidogenic enzymes and estrogen receptor ß

67%

Wojtowicz A. K. , Kajta M. , Gregoraszczuk E. L.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

|

2007

|

tom 58

|

nr 4

EN

We evaluated impact of DDT isomers, o, p'- DDT [1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (p, p'-chlorophenyl) ethylene] and p, p'-DDT [1, 1, 1-trichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane], and their metabolites, o, p'-DDE and p, p'-DDE, on ovarian steroidogenesis. All these compounds, except for p, p'-DDT, demonstrated estrogenic effects on steroid secretion in co-cultures of porcine prepubertal granulosa and theca cells. p,p'-DDT decreased progesterone and estradiol release, which was reversed by the addition of testosterone. In contrast, o, p'-DDT inhibited progesterone secretion with parallel stimulation of basal and testosterone-stimulated estradiol release. DDEs stimulated progesterone and estradiol secretion. The fluorometric assay confirmed that p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT, and o,p'-DDE stimulated aromatase activity. Western blots indicated that o,p-DDT and o,p'-DDE diminished the expression of estrogen receptor ß (ERß). This study demonstrated the isomer-dependent action of DDT in pig ovarian cells. We propose that DDT could disrupt ovarian steroidogenesis either by interfering with main steroidogenic enzymes or affecting ERß.

19

Persistent organochlorine compounds in sludge and sediments from the Gdansk Region, Baltic Sea

67%

Falandysz J. , Strandberg B.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2004

|

tom 13

|

nr 2

EN

Concentrations and profiles of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), pentachlorobenzene (PCBz), hexachlorobenzene (HCBz), DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), tris(4-chlorophnyl)methane (TCPM-H), tris(4-chlorophnyl)methanol (TCPM-H), chlordane (CHLs), aldrin, dieldrin, isodrin, endrin, endosulfan 1, endosulfan 2, mirex, PCBs and PCNs were determined using isotopically labelled internal standards and HRGC/LRMS in sludge samples collected in 1999 from the sewage treatment plant in Dębogórze (city of Gdynia) and sediment samples taken in 1992 from the Vistula River and Gdańsk Depth in the Baltic Sea. DDT and its metabolites, PCBs, HCBz, dieldrin, CHLs and PCNs were quantified in one to all four samples examined, while PCBz, TCPM-H/OH, aldrin, isodrin, endrin, endosulfan 1 and 2, and mirex were not detected above the detection limit of the method. PCBs dominated among organochlorine compounds quantified in sludge samples while DDTs dominated in the sediment.

20

Bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides in the trophic chain alga-freshwater fish

67%

Kiziewicz B. , Czeczuga B.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

|

2002

|

tom 32

|

nr 1

EN

The study was carried out on the alga Chlorella vulgaris and young specimens of crucian carp Carassius carassius. The algae and fish were exposed to a pesticide gamametox powder containing 0.6% of lindane and 3% of methoxychlor. Gas chromatography method was used to determine the content of these two active substances in the material. Based on the mean lindane and methoxychlor contents it was revealed that they were bioaccumulated at different levels of the trophic chain. Their accumulation was higher in fish than in algae, which were the source of their food. Their concentration in the muscles of crucian carp was higher when absorbed from food (i.e. Chlorella vulgaris cells), than directly from water. A similar situation was observed in relation to lindane content in the liver. In the brain, however, the concentration of both pesticides was diversioned or similar. The highest concentrations were revealed in the brain of crucian carp, slightly lower in the liver and the lowest in the muscles, i.e. edible parts of fish, irrespective of the way of absorption.

PL

Badania zostały wykonane na glonie, zielenicy Chlorella vulgaris oraz na osobnikach młodocianych karasia Carassius carassius. Glony i ryby poddano ekspozycji pestycydem gamametoxem pylistym zawierającym 0.6% lindanu i 3% metoksychloru. Metodą chromatografii gazowej oznaczono w badanym materiale zawartość obu substancji czynnych wchodzących w skład tego pestycydu. Na podstawie średniej zawartości lindanu i metoksychloru w badanych organizmach stwierdzono, że pestycydy te uległy biokumulacji na różnych poziomach łańcucha troficznego. Kumulacja pestycydów - lindanu i metoksychloru była wyższa w rybach niż w glonach, które stanowiły ich źródło pokarmu. Zwrócono uwagę również na to, iż stężenie pestycydów: lindanu i metoxchloru w mięśniach karasia było wyższe wtedy, gdy ryby pobrały je razem z pokarmem w postaci komórek Chlorella vulgaris niż bezpośrednio z wody. Podobnie było z zawartością lindanu w wątrobie. Zauważono, że w przypadku koncentracji obu pestycydów w mózgu było odwrotnie lub poziom był podobny. Najwyższe stężenia pestycydów stwierdzone zostały w mózgu karasia, nieco niższe w wątrobie, najniższe natomiast w mięśniach - jadalnych częściach ryb niezależnie od sposobu wchłaniania.