Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Grape production assessment using surface and subsurface drip irrigation methods

100%

Kadbhane S. J. , Manekar V. L.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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tom no. 49

169--178

EN

The study involved experimental work implemented from April 2014 until March 2017. Its purpose was to observe grape production quality parameters, such as yield, water productivity, berry size and bio-mass. Different irrigation methods, such as drip irrigation (DI), drip irrigation with plastic mulching (DIPM), drip irrigation with organic mulching (DIOM), subsurface irrigation with stone column (SISC), subsurface irrigation with mud pot (SIMP), and subsurface irrigation with plastic bottles (SIPB) have been used during the experimental work. The crop has been irrigated following the CROPWAT-8.0 model developed by the FAO. Climate parameters are obtained from the automatic weather station located near the experimental field. Based on experimental results and analyses, it has been observed that the drip irrigation with the plastic mulching method is the best for irrigation in terms of the grape yield comparing with all other methods due to its highest productivity of 35–40%. Subsurface irrigation with the plastic bottle method is found to be suitable as it gives 20% higher yield than the traditional drip irrigation method. The SIPB method shows the cost-benefit ratio of 112.3, whereas the DIPM method had the ratio of 36.6. Based on the cost-benefit analysis, it is concluded that the SIPB method is economically more viable as compared with all other methods. Hence, based on the findings, it is recommended to use drip irrigation with a plastic mulching and drip irrigation with a plastic bottle as the best options to achieve grape productivity while using minimum water.

2

The effect of soil mulching with organic mulches, on weed infestation in broccoli and tomato cultivated under polypropylene fibre, and without a cover

100%

Kosterna E.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2014

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tom 54

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nr 2

EN

An investigation was done on the effect of different types of organic mulches that were applied in form of straw to the soil mulching process, on the weed infestation, number, and fresh mass of weeds in broccoli cv. Milady F1 (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) and tomato cv. Polfast F1 (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown under polypropylene fibre as a covering, or grown without a covering. The different types of organic straw mulches were: rye (Secale cereale L.), corn (Zea mays L.), rape (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.). All the organic mulches were applied at a dose of 10 t/ha. The effect of the mulches was compared to a control plot which had no mulch. The type of organic mulch applied to the soil mulching process influenced species composition, number, and fresh mass of weeds. This effect could be the result of the properties of the mulch (colour, structure, etc.) or the allelopathic effect on the germination and growth of individual weeds species. Irrespective of the investigated factors, 24 and 25 weeds species, respectively, were observed immediately after cover removal and before broccoli and tomato harvest. In the first date of estimation Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve, Stellaria media (L.) Vill., and Viola tricolor L. dominated, however, before the vegetables were harvested Ch. album, V. tricolor, Veronica arvensis L., and E. crus-galli dominated. An application of polypropylene fibre contributed to an increase in the number and fresh mass of weeds in both vegetables in the first date of estimation (after cover removal). During this period, vegetables cannot compete with weeds. It is important to note, though, that before the vegetables were harvested, a decrease was found in the number and fresh mass of weeds in the covered plots. The most efficient weed limiter, both after cover removal and also before the broccoli and tomatoes were harvested, was buckwheat and rye straw, respectively.

3

Influence of herbicides and organic mulches on yield and quality of flowers of Acidanthera bicolor var. murielae Perry

84%

Kocira A. , Laskowska H.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2006

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tom 05

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nr 1

EN

The experiment was carried out at the Department of Ornamental Plants in the Agricultural University in Lublin in the years 2000–2002. The plant material was corms of Acidanthera bicolor var. murielae Perry with a circumference of 8–9 cm, which in number of thirty was planted on a plot 1.2 m², at 8 cm of depth in the second week of May. According to the scheme of experiment: linuron 1.000 kg·ha⁻¹, pendimethalin 0.990 kg·ha⁻¹ and napropamide 1.500 kg·ha⁻¹ were applied one week after planting the corms of the research plant. Next day some plots were mulched with 5 cm thick layer of pine bark or peat. The experiment included also a control set without herbicides and mulches, which it was hand weeded and a control set with delay hand weed performed three week late compared with the rest plots. At the end of vegetative stage the measurement was carried out on 10 plants of each plot including: length of flower stem, number of flowers and length of spike. It was noted that linuron, pendimethalin and napropamide did not injury to plants of Acidanthera bicolor. Application of linuron and pendimethalin beneficially influenced on number of flowers (respectively by 9.65 and 9.72 pieces·plant⁻¹), length of flower stem (respectively by 102.54 and 101.52 cm) and length of spike (respectively by 40.14 and 40.28 cm). Besides application of napropamide had a positive effect on received of greater number of flowers (9.40 pieces·plant⁻¹) and longer spike (39.60 cm). Delay of hand weed about three weeks had a negative effect on yield and quality of flowers of the research plant which formed the smaller number of flowers and the shortest flower stems and spikes (respectively by 8.4 pieces·plant⁻¹, 96.2 cm and 35.4 cm). It was received the longer flower stems in combinations where applied of pine bark or peat as a mulch (respectively by 100.88 and 100.23 cm) in comparison with combination without mulch (97.96 cm). There was no noted considerably influence of organic mulches on number of flowers in spike and length of inflorescence.

PL

Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w latach 2000–2002 w Katedrze Roślin Ozdobnych AR w Lublinie. Materiał roślinny stanowiły bulwy acidantery dwubarwnej o obwodzie 8–9 cm, które w liczbie 30 sztuk sadzono w drugim tygodniu maja na poletko o powierzchni 1,2 m² na głębokości 8 cm. Zgodnie ze schematem doświadczenia zastosowano: linuron 1,000 kg·ha⁻¹, pendimetalinę 0,990 kg·ha⁻¹ i napropamid 1,500 kg·ha⁻¹ tydzień po sadzeniu bulw badanej rośliny. Następnego dnia część poletek ściółkowano 5 cm warstwą kory sosnowej lub torfu. Doświadczenie obejmowało również kombinację kontrolną, gdzie nie stosowano herbicydów i ściółek, w której ręcznie pielono i kombinację kontrolną z opóźnionym ręcznym pieleniem przeprowadzonym trzy tygodnie później w stosunku do pozostałych poletek. Pod koniec okresu wegetacji wykonano pomiary na 10 roślinach z każdego poletka obejmujące: długość pędu kwiatostanowego, liczbę kwiatów i długość kwiatostanu. Stwierdzono, że linuron, pendimetalina i napropamid nie uszkadzały roślin acidantery dwubarwnej. Zastosowanie linuronu i pendimetaliny korzystnie wpłynęło na liczbę kwiatów (odpowiednio 9,65 i 9,72 szt.·rośl.⁻¹), długość pędu kwiatostanowego (odpowiednio 102,54 i 101,52 cm) i długość kłosa (odpowiednio 40,14 i 40,28 cm). Ponadto zastosowanie napropamidu dało pozytywne efekty w uzyskaniu większej liczby kwiatów (9,40 szt.·rośl.⁻¹) i dłuższego kłosa (39,60 cm). Opóźnienie ręcznego pielenia o trzy tygodnie negatywnie wpłynęło na plon i jakość kwiatów badanej rośliny, która wykształciła mniejszą liczbę kwiatów oraz najkrótsze pędy kwiatostanowe i kłosy (odpowiednio 8,41 szt.·rośl.⁻¹, 96,18 cm i 35,44 cm). Dłuższe pędy kwiatostanowe otrzymano w kombinacjach, gdzie zastosowano korę sosnową i torf jako ściółkę (odpowiednio 100,88 i 100,23 cm) w stosunku do kombinacji w której nie stosowano ściółki (97,96 cm). Nie stwierdzono istotnego wpływu ściółek organicznych na liczbę kwiatów w kłosie i długość kwiatostanu.

4

Allelopathic effect of organic mulches on vegetable germination and early development

67%

Judaugiene D. , Sinkeviciene A. , Pupaliene R. , Ninkovic V. , Kriauciuniene Z.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2018

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tom 17

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nr 3

EN

Plants, as well as their residues (mulches), release physiologically active substances (allelochemicals), which may affect plant germination, development, and productivity. In this study we investigated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of organic mulches (winter wheat straw, peat, sawdust, and gramineous grass) at different concentrations on germination and early growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.), carrot (Daucus sativus Röhl.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). It was found, that the strongest negative effect on the germination and shoot and root development of investigated vegetables was with the highest concentration (1 : 10) of the grass aqueous extract. Peat mulch aqueous extracts had the least negative impact on all vegetable seed germination. Straw and peat mulches stimulated the early growth of R. sativus shoots, but there was a negative affect on D. sativus shoot development. The aqueous extracts of various organic mulches had negative effects on R. sativus, while mostly positive effects found on L. sativa root development.

5

The influence of mycorrhization and organic mulches on mycorrhizal frequency in apple and strawberry roots

67%

Derkowska E. , Sas-Paszt L. , Sumorok B. , Szwonek E. , Gluszek S.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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2008

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tom 16

227-242

6

Zmiany w zachwaszczeniu pora z rozsady pod wplywem sciolki organicznej

67%

Anyszka Z. , Dobrzanski A.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2008

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tom 48

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nr 4

1391-1395

7

Response of plantain to mulch a tropical Ultisol: Part III. Effect of different mulching materials on crop growth and yield

67%

Salau O. A. , Opara-Nadi O. A. , Swennen R.

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nr 3-4

8

Response of plantain to mulch on a tropical Ultisol. Part I. Effect of different mulching materials on soil physical and chemical properties

67%

Salau O. A. , Opara-Nadi O. A. , Swennen R.

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tom 06

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nr 1-2

9

Response of plantain to mulch on a tropical Ultisol: Part II. Effect of different mulching materials on soil hydrological properties

59%

Opara-Nadi O. A. , Salau O. A. , Swennen R.

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nr 3-4

10

Przydatność trzech rodzajów ściółki do uprawy ekologicznej jabłoni

42%

Czynczyk A. , Bielicki P. , Mika A. , Krawiec A.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2009

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tom 536

PL

Dziewięć odmian jabłoni odpornych lub częściowo odpornych na parcha jabłoni: Bohemia, Topaz, Rubinola, Goldstar, Pinova, Redkroft, Free Redstar, Melfree i Gold Milenium szczepionych na M.9 posadzono wiosną 2002 roku w doświadczeniu ekologicznym w SD w Dąbrowicach k/Skierniewic. Po posadzeniu glebę wokół drzewek wyściółkowano: agrowłókniną, płatami lnianymi i trocinami. Glebę w międzyrzędziach drzew utrzymywano w murawie często koszonej. Kwaterę podzielono na dwie części. W jednej części uprawiano jabłonie bez stosowania jakiejkolwiek ochrony chemicznej, bez nawożenia mineralnego i herbicydów, w drugiej - również bez nawożenia mineralnego i herbicydów stosowano ograniczone zwalczanie szkodników i chorób, środkami dopuszczonymi do ekologicznej produkcji owoców. Po siedmiu latach badane odmiany wykazywały wysoką podatność na porażenie przez raka drzew owocowych (Nectria sp.). Z tego powodu porażonych zostało wiele drzew. Zastosowane trzy rodzaje ściółki nie wpłynęły istotnie na siłę wzrostu, owocowanie i jakość owoców. Utrzymanie drzew w ograniczonym programie ochrony wykazywało tendencję wydawania wyższych plonów niemal wszystkich odmian w porównaniu z plonami uzyskanymi z drzew rosnących bez ochrony. Odmiany: Topaz, Bohemia, Rubinola, Free Redstar i Gold Milenium są najbardziej przydatne do ekologicznej uprawy. Najtrudniejsze do zwalczania okazały się mszyce. Wczesne wycinanie młodych pędów porażonych przez mszyce i mączniaka wydaje się być dość obiecujące.

EN

Nine scab-resistant or partially scab resistant apple cultivars: Bohemia, Topaz, Goldstar, Pinova, Redkroft, Free Redstar, Melfree and Gold Milenium grafted on M.9 rootstocks were planted in spring 2002 in an organic experiment at the Experimental Orchard at Dąbrowice near Skierniewice. After planting, the ground under trees was mulched with: agricultural spun-web, linen residue felt and sawdust. Grass was allowed to grow between the rows and was regularly mown. The experiment consisted of two parts. In the first part, no chemical plant protection was applied either to the trees or to the soil. In the second part, with limited spraying programs, only those compounds that are allowed in organic fruit production were applied in order to control pests and diseases. After 7 years many trees were seriously infected by apple canker (Nectria sp.), which caused the loss of a certain number of them. Mulched soil with various products had no significant effect on the vigour of tree growth, yielding and quality of fruits. Trees grown under limited program of pest and disease control had a tendency to bear higher yield in comparison with the trees grown in not protected program. The cultivars: Topaz, Bohemia, Rubinola, Free Redstar, Gold Milenium proved to be the most suitable for organic production. The greatest problem was the aphid control. Cutting back shoots with primary infestation with aphids and mildew seemed to be the most promising program.