Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Effect of Different Organic Additives on Surface Morphology and Microstructure of Zn-Mo Coatings Electrodeposited from Citrate Baths

100%

Hara A. , Kazimierczak H. , Bigos A. , Świątek Z. , Ozga P.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2019

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tom Vol. 64, iss. 1

207--220

EN

The effect of cationic, anionic and nonionic surface active additives, organic compounds and polymers on the electrodeposition of Zn-Mo coatings on steel substrate and detailed characterization in chosen optimal conditions was studied. The influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) various concentration, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), triton X-100, d-sorbitol, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), thiourea and disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on the electrodeposition process was examined. The composition of deposits was defined by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF). Results has shown that the current efficiency of the electrodeposition of Zn-Mo coatings is 71.4%, 70.7%, 66.7% for 1.5 g/dm3 PEG 20000, 0.1 g/dm3 Triton X-100 and 0.75 M D-sorbitol respectively. The surface topography and roughness of selected coatings on steel was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The attendance of D-sorbitol of 0.75 M in the solution cause clear reduction of grain size and the value of roughness parameter (Ra) in relation to SDS, PEG, Triton X-100 and the sample prepared without the additives. The morphology of electrodeposited layers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of selected additives to the electrolytic bath results in the formation of smoother, brighter and more compact Zn-Mo coatings in comparison to layers obtained from similar electrolytes but without the addition of surfactants. The optimal concentration of the most effective additives such as PEG 20000, Triton X-100 and D-sorbitol is 1.5 g/dm3, 0.1 g/dm3, 0.75 M respectively.

2

Improvement of the stainless steel electropolishing process by organic additives

100%

Lochynski P. , Kowalski M. , Szczygiel B. , Kuczewski K.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2016

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tom Vol. 18, nr 4

76--81

EN

The influence of organic additives on the process of surface electropolishing of AISI 304 type steel was determined. Additives were selected in initial potentiodynamic tests pursuant to the plateau analysis on the current/potential curves. The assessment of the operational effectiveness of additives consisted in determining the relationship between surface gloss after electropolishing and the mass loss of the sample and in determining surface roughness. The applied electropolishing bath consisted of a mixture of concentrated acids: H3PO4 and H2SO4 and the following organic additives were used: triethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and glycerol. The best electropolishing result, i.e. low roughness and high gloss of stainless steel surface with a relatively low mass loss of the sample at the same time were obtained for baths containing triethanolamine.

3

Effect of Various Organic Additives in Galvanic Bath on Properties of Ni-SiC Composite Coatings

88%

Nowak M. , Mizera J. , Kłyszewski A. , Dobkowska A. , Boczkal S. , Kozik A. , Koprowski P.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2019

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tom Vol. 64, iss. 4

1327--1333

EN

The paper presents the results of the electrodeposition of nickel composite coatings reinforced with the ceramic SiC particles. A Watts type galvanic bath modified with various organic additives was used. These additives were: 2-sulfobenzoic acid imide (LSA), dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (DSS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (THAM) and hexamethyldisilizane (HMDS). The nickel composite coating was electrodeposited on a 2xxx aluminum alloy series substrate (EN-AW 2017) with zinc interlayer. Studies concerned the effect of the applied organic additives on properties of composite coatings such as: microstructure, microhardness, adhesion to the substrate, corrosion resistance and roughness. The structure of the coatings was assessed by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Based on the studies of zeta potential it was found that the bath modification had a significant impact on the amount of the ceramic phase embedded in metal matrix. The tests conducted in a model 0.01 M KCl solution were not fully representative of the true behavior of particles in a Watts bath.

4

Effect of different organic additives on surface morphology and microstructureof Zn-Mo coatings electrodeposited from citrate baths

88%

Hara A. , Kazimierczak H. , Bigos A. , Świątek Z. , Ozga P.

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5

Badania przemian zachodzących podczas procesu koksowania węgla z dodatkiem emulsji wodno-smołowej

75%

Zubkowa W. , Kosewska M. , Wróbelska K.

Karbo

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2003

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tom Nr 2

92-96

PL

Przedstawiono metodę wytwarzania brykietu paliwowego bazującego na produktach ubocznych takich jak muły węglowe,, odpadowe karbo-nizaty, koksik, nasiona roślin oleistych. Omówiono badania procesu suszenia opracowanego paliwa z uwzględnieniem sposobu suszenia w złożu kompozytowym wykorzystywanym w technologii wytwarzania brykietów. Zaprezentowano także wyniki badań procesu spalania otrzymanego surogatu paliwowego.

EN

In investigations made in Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal there was found that addition of water-tar emulsion into coal blend leads to improvement of quality indices: decreased reactivity CRI and increased strength after reaction CSR. In order to explain mechanism of additive emulsion favourable influence on coke quality in Institute of Chemistry at Jan Kochanowski University there was investigated coking process using contrast X-ray method. It was found that water-tar emulsion addition improves plastic properties of coal and changes interaction course between heated charge layers what influences coke structure forming mechanism. Optimal conditions for better quality coke forming was found for 3 % water-tar emulsion addition in coal blend.

6

Nickel Composite Coatings Reinforced Nano SiC Particles

75%

Nowak M. , Mizera J. , Kłyszewski A. , Dobkowska A. , Boczkal S. , Kozik A. , Koprowski P.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2020

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tom Vol. 65, iss. 2

935--940

EN

The paper presents the results of the electrodeposition of nickel composite coatings reinforced with the nano size SiC ceramic particles. The type and size of the ceramic particles or organic additives used play a important role during electrodeposition processes. A Watts type galvanic bath with various organic additives was used. These additives were: 2-sulfobenzoic acid imide, dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (DSS), sodium dodecyl sulfate, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and hexamethyldisilizane. The nickel composite coating was electrodeposited on a 2xxx aluminum alloy series substrate (EN-AW 2017) with zinc interlayer. The work concerns the determination of the impact of the change in the zeta potential of SiC nanoceramic particles used on properties of composite coatings (wear resistance, corrosion, etc.). The paper characterized the composite nickel coatings on aluminum alloy using SEM techniques, wear resistance tests by TABER method and coating adhesion to the substrate using the “scratch test” method. The corrosion resistance of coatings was also tested using electrochemical methods. The research allowed to determine the effect of SiC nanoceramic particle size on the value of the zeta potential in the model KCl solution.

7

Effect of Various Organic Additives in Galvanic Bath on Properties of Ni-SiC Composite Coatings

75%

Nowak M. , Mizera J. , Kłyszewski A. , Dobkowska A. , Boczkal S. , Kozik A. , Koprowski P. , Nowak M. , Mizera J. , Kłyszewski A. , Dobkowska A. , Boczkal S. , Kozik A. , Koprowski P.

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8

Wytwarzanie cząstek węglanu wapnia w układzie gaz - ciecz w obecności substancji organicznych

63%

Konopacka-Łyskawa D. , Kawalec-Pietrenko B.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2010

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tom Nr 2

69-70

PL

Otrzymywano węglan wapnia w reakcji CO2 z Ca(OH)2. Do mieszaniny reakcyjnej dodawano glikol etylenowy, glicerol lub n-butanol. Cząstki CaCO3 strącane w obecności substancji organicznych były mniejsze niż powstałe w wyniku procesu prowadzonego tylko w mieszaninie reagentów w wodzie. Najmniejsze cząstki CaCO3 otrzymywano w obecności glicerolu, wówczas średnia średnica cząstek wynosiła 3,1 μm dla reakcji prowadzonej w układzie gaz - roztwór, a 4,6 μm w układzie gaz - zawiesina.

EN

Calcium carbonate particles were obtained as a result of CO2 with Ca(OH)2 reaction Ethylene glycol, glycerol or n-butanol were added to reaction mixture. CaCO2, particles in case of precipitation with organic compounds were smaller than those obtained in the process conducted without additives. The finest CaCO3crystals were formed if glycerol was added. In such case the mean diameter of CaCO3 particles was equal to 3.1 μm, if reaction took place in the gas — solution system, and 4.6 μm in the gas — suspension system.

9

Immobilizacja metali ciężkich w środowisku gruntowo-wodnym z wykorzystaniem dodatków organicznych

44%

Malina G. , Kwiatkowska J.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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2003

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tom T. 6, nr 3/4

371-390

PL

Omówiono metody immobilizacji metali ciężkich w środowisku gruntowo-wodnym z wykorzystaniem dodatków organicznych, polegające na zwiększaniu pojemności sorpcyjnej kompleksu gruntowego, biowytrącaniu, biostabilizacji i biosorpcji. Dokonano przeglądu substancji organicznych możliwych do zastosowania w celu immobilizacji i ograniczenia migracji metali ciężkich w środowisku gruntowo-wodnym wraz z oceną ich skuteczności. Scharakteryzowano mechanizmy działania Bakterii Redukujących Siarkę (SRB) oraz Bakterii Dysymilacyjnych Redukujących Metale (DMRB). Przedstawiono nowoczesne metody immobilizacji przy udziale mikroorganizmów z wykorzystaniem: Przepuszczalnych Barier Aktywnych (PRB), Substancji Oddających Wodór (HRC), mat mikrobiologicznych oraz biologicznej detoksykacji cyjanków.

EN

Immobilisation refers to techniques that decrease mobility of heavy metals in the subsoil environment, and takes into account the use of soil properties that are responsible for mobility of heavy metals. As a result of immobilisation, concentrations of heavy metals in a soil solution decrease due to applying additives, which enlarge the sorption capacity of soil. Mobility of metal ions in soil and groundwater is influenced by the character of organic and mineral combination of a complex, metal ion saturation degree in a complex, sorption of a complex on mineral matrix, and biodegradation of an organic fraction of a complex. Immobilisation potentials of selected organic additives towards specific heavy metals were addressed. Organic additives with significant contents of organic carbon and high sorption capacity are used for chelate formation. They comprise: fine brown coal, biohumus, vermicomposts. Natural sorbents, that may be applied include: soil microorganisms, seaweeds, algae, fungi, bark and tannins, lignins, chitins, gelatine, modified wool and cotton, mosses and peat. The essential sources of humus in soil are organic fertilizer (manure, liquid manure), ploughed plants and straw, harvest residues. The application of unconventional organic materials may not only enrich soil with organic matter but also utilize waste (composted sewage sludge, composts, floatable soils of sugar beet, molasses and vinasse, stillage, sawdust, bark, tannery sludge, apple malt residues, waste diatomite from breweries). An overview of immobilisation techniques of heavy metals in soil and groundwater was made. Immobilisation can be achieved by increasing the sorption capacity of soil complexes, biostabilisation, biosorption and bioprecipitation. Heavy metals can be immobilised by inducing the Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) to reduce sulphates into sulphides, which leads to precipitation of heavy metals as insoluble metal sulphides. A carbon source in excess has to be provided as a substrate to induce the SBR and to remove oxygen, as a low redox potential is required. Novel biological techniques comprise application of Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRB), Hydrogen Release Compound (HRC), Microbial Mats in a Funnel-and-Gate Confi-guration, Dissimilatory Metal-Reducing Bacteria (DMRB), and biological detoxification of cyanides.