Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Symbolika i magia Oraculum w Wilanowie

100%

Mróz J. A. , Zacharski A.

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tom Nr 23

122--125

PL

Artykuł przedstawia historię powstania Oraculum w Morysinie - miejscu ściśle związanym z Wilanowem. Rola, jaką spełniało Oraculum, znana była tylko niewielkiej grupie badaczy, także ze względu na zniszczenie obiektu oraz zapomnienie, w jakie popadło po ostatniej wojnie światowej. W sierpniu 2006 r. podjęto trud przeniesienia ocalałych elementów kamiennych Oraculum (Wyroczni) z Morysina do ogrodów Muzeum Pałacu w Wilanowie. Opracowano projekt rekonstrukcji kręgu wróżebnego. Na podstawie udostępnionych materiałów archiwalnych oraz inwentaryzacji zachowanych elementów kamiennych odtworzono jego wymiary. Uratowane fragmenty jedynego zachowanego w Polsce kręgu kamiennego Oraculum, oddają charakter miejsca działania wróżb, przepowiedni i rodzenia się nadziei na zmianę losów narodu polskiego tak charakterystycznych dla epoki romantyzmu. Dla żony Stanisława Kostki Potockiego - Aleksandry Lubomirskiej, 65-letniej wdowy, była to astrologiczna "mandala życia" spędzonego u boku męża, symboliczny pomnik czasów, kiedy kobiety, „matki Polki”, interesowały się ukrytymi znaczeniami, astrologią, wróżbami i kabałą. Interesowały się ukrytymi znaczeniami, astrologią, wróżbami i kabałą.

EN

The article presents the history of erecting the Oraculum in Morysin . a place closely connected with Wilanow. The function of the Oraculum was known only to a select group of scientists, because of the ruined state of the object and oblivion into which it sank after World War II. In August 2006, the remaining stone elements of the Oraculum (the Oracle) were transferred from Morysin to the gardens of the Palace Museum in Wilanow. A reconstruction project of the prophetic circle was prepared. The size was recreated on the basis of available archive materials and the inventory of the preserved stone elements. The remaining fragments of the only stone circle of Oraculum preserved in Poland reflect the character of the site serving to dispense prophecies and predictions and the birthplace of hope for the change of fate of the Polish nation, so characteristic for the era of Romanticism. For Aleksandra Lubomirska - the 65-year-old widow of Stanisław Kostka Potocki, it was an astrological “mandala of life” spent by her husband’s side, a symbolic monument of the times when women, “Polish mothers”, were particularly interested in hidden meanings, astrology, prophecies and Qabalah.

2

The Computational and Pragmatic Approach to the Dynamics of Science

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Marciszewski W.

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tom 8/1

31-67

EN

Sciencemeans here mathematics and those empirical disciplines which avail themselves of mathematical models. The pragmaticapproachis conceived in Karl R. Popper’s The Logic of Scientific Discovery(p.276) sense: a logical appraisal of the success of a theory amounts to the appraisal of its corroboration. This kind of appraisal is exemplified in section 6 by a case study—on how Isaac Newton justified his theory of gravitation. The computationalapproach in problem-solving processes consists in considering them in terms of computability: either as being performed according to a model of computation in a narrower sense, e.g., the Turing machine, or in a wider perspective—of machines associated with a non-mechanical device called “oracle”by Alan Turing (1939). Oracle can be interpreted as computer-theoretic representation of intuitionor invention. Computational approach in an-other sense means considering problem-solving processes in terms of logical gates, supposed to be a physical basis for solving problems with a reasoning.Pragmatic rationalismabout science, seen at the background of classical ration-alism (Descartes, Gottfried Leibniz etc.), claims that any scientific idea, either in empirical theories or in mathematics, should be checked through applications to problem-solving processes. Both the versions claim the existence of abstract objects, available to intellectual intuition. The difference concerns the dynamics of science: (i) the classical rationalism regards science as a stationary system that does not need improvements after having reached an optimal state, while (ii) the pragmatical ver-sion conceives science as evolving dynamically due to fertile interactions between creative intuitions, or inventions, with mechanical procedures.The dynamics of science is featured with various models, like Derek J.de Solla Price’sexponential and Thomas Kuhn’s paradigm model (the most familiar instanc-es). This essay suggests considering Turing’s idea of oracle as a complementary model to explain most adequately, in terms of exceptional inventiveness, the dynam-ics of mathematics and mathematizable empirical sciences.

3

The Computational and Pragmatic Approach to the Dynamics of Science

80%

Marciszewski W.

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nr 1

31-67

EN

Science means here mathematics and those empirical disciplines which avail themselves of mathematical models. The pragmatic approach is conceived in Karl R. Popper’s The Logic of Scientific Discovery (p. 276) sense: a logical appraisal of the success of a theory amounts to the appraisal of its corroboration. This kind of appraisal is exemplified in section 6 by a case study-on how Isaac Newton justified his theory of gravitation. The computational approach in problem-solving processes consists in considering them in terms of computability: either as being performed according to a model of computation in a narrower sense, e.g., the Turing machine, or in a wider perspective-of machines associated with a non-mechanical device called “oracle” by Alan Turing (1939). Oracle can be interpreted as computertheoretic representation of intuition or invention. Computational approach in another sense means considering problem-solving processes in terms of logical gates, supposed to be a physical basis for solving problems with a reasoning. Pragmatic rationalism about science, seen at the background of classical rationalism (Descartes, Gottfried Leibniz etc.), claims that any scientific idea, either in empirical theories or in mathematics, should be checked through applications to problem-solving processes. Both the versions claim the existence of abstract objects, available to intellectual intuition. The difference concerns the dynamics of science: (i) the classical rationalism regards science as a stationary system that does not need improvements after having reached an optimal state, while (ii) the pragmatical version conceives science as evolving dynamically due to fertile interactions between creative intuitions, or inventions, with mechanical procedures. The dynamics of science is featured with various models, like Derek J. de Solla Price’s exponential and Thomas Kuhn’s paradigm model (the most familiar instances). This essay suggests considering Turing’s idea of oracle as a complementary model to explain most adequately, in terms of exceptional inventiveness, the dynamics of mathematics and mathematizable empirical sciences.