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PL
W teoriach poznawczo-rozwojowych przyjmuje się założenie o paralelizmie strukturalnym, czyli jedności rozwoju różnych dziedzin myślenia. Lawrence Kohlberg, tworząc swoją teorię rozwoju rozumowania moralnego, postawił hipotezę, zgodnie z którą rozwój poznawczy jest warunkiem koniecznym, ale niewystarczającym rozwoju moralnego. Celem prowadzonych rozważań jest wskazanie na związek między rozwojem poznawczym i rozumowaniem moralnym oraz przedstawienie wyników badań empirycznych, których intencją była weryfikacja hipotezy Kohlberga.
EN
Within the cognitive-developmental approach there is an assumption of structural parallel- ism that is an assumption of the developmental integrity of different areas of thinking. While creating his own theory of moral development, Lawrence Kohlberg formulated a hypothesis that cognitive development is a necessary — but not a sufficient — condition of moral devel- opment. The aim of this paper is to focus on the relationship between cognitive development and moral reasoning and to present the results of empirical research that intended to verify Kohlberg’s hypothesis.
PL
The main reason, to take this subject was self-perception of the problems arising from the perception and definition of the operating factors in the art of war, to potential military operations against the so-called Islamic State. Operational factors do not have a clear source of their definition and perception of the art of war. Their importance in the art of war was and is treated in many cases instrumentally, their aspect of the phenomenon described operations or attributed to them only part of the description of environmental assessment to guide future actions. Analysis of the importance of operational factors indicating their wider range and finds its justification in the development of operational thinking in the art of war. It should be stressed that the ability to think of operating a psychological category entity associated with the development of thinking and mutual understanding. While the combination of thought process entity with its subject provides a reasonable basis for the use of the concept of thinking operating in the art of war. The thinking process operating relates to compounds and the relationship between perceived material objects of art of war and the influence of these relations on the preparation and organization of effective action. Therefore operational factors are the basis for the development of operational thinking in the art of war. Identification of the material objects of art of war is essential to perceive the relationship produced. You must have the awareness that in practice this means the correct identification of the area of operations and precise description of the parties, fighting. The study formulates assumptions of contemporary perception and interpretation of operational factors as the process of initiating any military action. It must be concluded that the accepted scope and structure (structure) of the work was determined the nature of the problems under consideration.
3
Content available remote Kształcenie ustawiczne oficerów a myślenie operacyjne
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EN
In order to accomplish a high degree of training to meet the demands of our Armed Forces today we need to examine our education system so as to ensure it prepares our personnel not just with knowledge but also with "know how" (abilities). Continuous changes in an educational system brings about reorganization but they may lose the standards of education required of a professional body. If the professional and specialist education is to be improved and developed during the postgraduate studies and courses, then on the lower levels of leadership, when the professional knowledge, abilities and activities are required, it is going to be inadequate to demands. I f we think about continued education of an officer being compatible with European and national standards, then officer should be trained to execute their main functions during the studies at first and second level. Thus the system of knowledge should be rationally worked out for each individual level of education for its goal to be achieved. It requires public discussion on: who, how and when to educate in order to gain the effectiveness and efficiency to meet the expectations of the institution.
EN
The article describes the experience in the use of simulation computer programs for the implementation of information culture of students in the study of the content line, „Algorithmic and programming”. The aims and objectives of the use of simulation at the present stage of studying computer science. Examples of the use of information technology in the study of the content of this line.
RU
В статье изложен опыт использования имитационного моделирования исполнения программ компьютером для формирования информационной культуры учащихся при изучении содержательной линии «Алгоритмизация и программирование». Определены цели и задачи использования имитационного моделирования на рассматриваемом этапе изучения информатики. Приведены примеры использования информационных технологий при изучении данной содержательной линии.
PL
W artykule opisane zostały doświadczenia autorów w wykorzystaniu komputerowych programów symulacyjnych do rozwijania kultury informacyjnej studentów z wykorzystaniem badania zawartości poleceń algorytmicznych i programistycznych.
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