Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Technologie pracy koparek zgarniakowych w kopalniach odkrywkowych

100%

Kozioł W. , Kawalec P. , Machniak Ł.

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tom R. 49, nr 1-2

59-66

PL

W artykule podano ogólną charakterystykę koparek zgarniakowych ze zwróceniem szczególnej uwagi na ich zalety, wady oraz warunki zastosowania w kopalniach odkrywkowych. W Polsce koparki zgarniakowe stosowane są głównie do robót pomocniczych (np. w kopalniach węgla brunatnego). W artykule przedstawiono również podstawowe technologie ich pracy, podano zasady doboru koparki zgarniakowej, a zwłaszcza dobór wydajności koparki. W krajowym górnictwie obecnie wykorzystywane są koparki zgarniakowe o małych pojemnościach zgarniaków (do 6 m3). Zastosowanie koparek zgarniakowych jako maszyn podstawowych możliwe jest tylko w określonych warunkach zalegania złóż. Generalnie warunki zalegania złóż węgla brunatnego w Polsce nie sprzyjają zastosowaniu koparek zgarniakowych, ale istnieją ir Polsce złoża lub części złóż, w których uzasadnione byłoby rozważenie możliwości użycia tych koparek.

EN

The paper describes general profile of dragline excavators, paying special attention to their advantages, disadvantage as well as conditions of use in opencast mines. In Poland, dragline excavators are mainly applied to ancillary activities (e.g. the lignite mines). Basic technologies of draglines working were introduced. Afterwards basic rules of selections dragline excavators, and especially the selection of productivity were passed. Dragline excavators being used in national mining presently has a small capacities bucket (to 6 m3). The use of dragline excavators as primary machine is possible only for typical occuring deposits conditions. Geological conditions in lignite deposits in Poland generally do not favour application of dragline excavators but there are deposits or part of deposits, in which use of those excavators may be substantiate.

2

A Bathymetric Unmanned Surface Vessel for Effective Monitoring of Underwater Aggregate Extraction from the Perspective of Engineering Facilities Protection

75%

Madusiok D. , Madusiok D.

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3

Holocene lake sediments as a source of building material in ancient Egypt; archeometric evidence from Wadi Tumilat (Nile Delta)

75%

Zaremba M. , Trzciński J. , Welc F.

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tom Vol. 34, Nr 2

109--118

EN

The Tell el-Retaba archaeological site is located in the middle part of Wadi Tumilat, which extends along the north-eastern margin of the Nile Delta. It contains fragments of fortified and domestic objects of the ancient fortress and other constructions built of mud bricks. The establishment and functioning of the fortress is dated at the times of the reign of two great pharaohs, Ramesses II and Ramesses III (13th and 12th centuries BC). The grain size composition of the sediments used for mud brick production had significant influence on their physical and mechanical properties, which was used by the ancient Egyptians for the improvement of bricks. The finest fractions, clay and silt, which generally comprise clay minerals and organic matter played a significant role. These components significantly influenced the mud brick properties and resulted in a structural cohesion of the material. The second important component of mud bricks were coarse fractions – sand and gravel. The source of material used for brick production were the natural sediments located in the vicinity of the fortress, i.e. the Holocene lake clay and the Pleistocene gravel and sand of the gezira formation, deposited by a braided river. Clay sediments have a variable lithology as can be deduced from grain size composition of mud bricks and their properties. This variability was caused by a variable regime of the Nile, which supplied material to the lake basin. Geological studies were used to recognize ancient environment and morphology of the area, and to find clay, sand and gravel open-pits that existed in the area. The fortress site was selected optimally in relation to the landscape morphology and close vicinity of the source of basic material and water used for mud brick production. The area around the fortress was substantially transformed by humans due to settlement.

4

Use of integrated AHP-topsis method in selection of optimum mine planning for open-pit mines

63%

Ozdemir A. C.

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tom Vol. 68, no. 1

35--53

EN

Successful mine planning is necessary for the sustainability of mining activities. Since this process depends on many criteria, it can be considered a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. In this study, an integrated MCDM method based on the combination of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) is proposed to select the optimum mine planning in open-pit mines. To prove the applicability of the proposed method, a case study was carried out. Firstly, a decision-making group was created, which consists of mining, geology, planning engineers, investors, and operators. As a result of studies performed by this group, four main criteria, thirteen sub-criteria, and nine mine planning alternatives were determined. Then, AHP was applied to determine the relative weights of evaluation criteria, and TOPSIS was performed to rank the mine planning alternatives. Among the alternatives evaluated, the alternative with the highest net present value was selected as the optimum mine planning alternative. It has been determined that the proposed integrated AHP-TOPSIS method can significantly assist decision-makers in the process of deciding which of the few mine planning alternatives should be implemented in open-pit mines.

5

Dron nad wyrobiskiem

63%

Płonka P.

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2016

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tom nr 6

50--51

PL

Drony. Stworzone kiedyś na potrzeby wojska, szybko stały się urządzeniami kupowanymi zwłaszcza przez pasjonatów fotografii. Coraz częściej wykorzystywane są jednak i do celów profesjonalnych. Także na kopalniach (a raczej nad kopalniami) kruszyw.

6

Simulation for motion of platform during truck changing in trucklift slope hoisting system in open pit mines using ADAMS and Matlab/Simulink

63%

Han T. H. , Kim K. H. , Han U. C. , Li K. M.

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2021

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tom Vol. 66, no. 3

393--406

EN

This paper focused on a study concerned with the motion of platforms at loading stations during truck changing in Trucklift slope hoisting system built in Jaeryong open-pit iron mine, DPR of Korea. The motion of platform in Trucklift slope hoisting system produces undesirable effect on truck changing. To analyze the motion of platform during truck changing, we built the dynamic model in ADAMS environment and control system in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results indicate that the normal truck changing can be realized without arresters at loading stations by a reasonable structural design of platforms and loading stations.

7

Problems of dumping areas of open pit mines within the Sololov brown coal territory

63%

Mikolas M.

Górnictwo i Geologia

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2007

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tom T. 2, z. 3

67-80

EN

Brown coal open-pit mining within the Sokolov brown coal territory has been affected by a lack od dumping areas for overburden filling since the very beginning of its development. The territory affected by activity at the dump of Krusne Hory Mountains is situated on 8 cadastre areas within Sokolov district. Total surface of territory affected by mining sums to 1957,1 hectares. Dump length in direction west – east is 8,3 km and its width is 2,3 km. In total there was filled approximately 886 000 000 m3 of overburden material on the dump. Mining arrangement of dump techniques on the dump underwent to six substantial surveys by stability assessments. 22 assessments have been successively elaborated since 1966. Prospecting works was under way in various periods. The works were the most intensive especially between years 1989 - 1991. Hydrogeological and geotechnical prospecting was the basis of stability assessment. Suitable reclamation of dump area under the Krusne Hory Mountains is necessary especially in view of unfavourable ecological and natural conditions of the entire Sokolov region affected not only with mining activity but high concentration of industry (mechanical engineering, chemistry, etc) as well.

PL

Kopalnie odkrywkowe wegla brunatnego na terenie Zagłębia Sokołowskiego pozostawiały po sobie puste przestrzenie po wybranym urobku od samego początku ich działalności. Obszar zagrożony tąpnięciami na terenie gór Krusne Hory usytuowany jest w 8 strefach w okręgu Sokołowskim. Całkowita powierzchnia obszaru dotkniętego przez kopalnie wynosi w sumie 1957,1 hektara. Długość wyrobiska w kierunku wschód-zachód wynosi 8,3 km, przy równoczesnej szerokości 2,3 km. Całkowita ilość materiałów wydobytych wynosi w przybliżeniu 886 000 000 m3. Prawo górnicze wymaga oszacowania stabilności terenu poprzez przeprowadzenie sześciu dokładnych ekspertyz. Od roku 1996 sukcesywnie opracowano 22 takie oceny. Prace wydobywcze postępowały w różnych okresach. Największa intensywność tych prac przypada na okres pomiędzy latami 1989-1991. Podstawą dla przeprowadzenia badań wpływu stały się hydrogeologiczne i geotechniczne widoki na przyszłość. Odpowiednia rekultywacja wyrobisk pod górami Krusne Hory jest niezbędna, zwłaszcza ze względu na niekorzystną sytuację ekologiczną i naturalną całego regionu sokołowskiego zagrożonego nie tylko poprzez zwiększoną aktywność górniczą, ale także wysokie nagromadzenie przemysłu (przemysł mechanizny, chemiczny itp.).

8

A comparative study of empirical and ensemble machine learning algorithms in predicting air over pressure in open pit coal mine

63%

Nguyen H. , Bui X.-N. , Tran Q.-H. , Pham V. H. , Nguyen D.-A. , Le T. T. H. , Le Q.-T. , Do N.-H. , Bao T. D. , Bui H.-B. , Moayedi H.

Acta Geophysica

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2020

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tom Vol. 68, no. 2

325--336

EN

This study aims to take into account the feasibility of three ensemble machine learning algorithms for predicting blast-induced air over-pressure (AOp) in open-pit mine, including gradient boosting machine (GBM), random forest (RF), and Cubist. An empirical technique was also applied to predict AOp and compared with those of the ensemble models. To employ this study, 146 events of blast were investigated with 80% of the total database (approximately 118 blasting events) being used for developing the models, whereas the rest (20%~28 blasts) were used to validate the models’ accuracy. RMSE, MAE, and R2 were used as performance indices for evaluating the reliability of the models. The fndings revealed that the ensemble models yielded more precise accuracy than those of the empirical model. Of the ensemble models, the Cubist model provided better performance than those of RF and GBM models with RMSE, MAE, and R2 of 2.483, 0.976, and 0.956, respectively, whereas the RF and GBM models provided poorer accuracy with an RMSE of 2.579, 2.721; R2 of 0.953, 0.950, and MAE of 1.103, 1.498, respectively. In contrast, the empirical model was interpreted as the poorest model with an RMSE of 4.448, R2 of 0.872, and MAE of 3.719. In addition, other fndings indicated that explosive charge capacity, spacing, stemming, monitoring distance, and air humidity were the most important inputs for the AOp predictive models using artifcial intelligence.

9

Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Global Navigation Satellite System in the Mining Area

51%

Pham V. C. , Lipecki T. , Vo N. D.

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tom Vol. 2, no. 1

55--61

EN

Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Global Navigation Satellite System technologies are increasingly prevalent in geodetic mapping work, playing a significant role in mine surveying tasks such as drawing maps for volume calculation, monitoring displacement, and deformation of mine surfaces and structures above mine tunnels. Currently, there are many studies on the application of these technologies in various aspects of mine surveying work. This paper will synthesize these studies to evaluate the effectiveness of applying GNSS and TLS technologies in mining surveying. The authors has reviewed 44 papers/projects in recent years and found that these technologies are developing rapidly, with the accuracy of coordinate and altitude measurement increasingly improving to approximately millimeters in both horizontal and vertical directions.

PL

Technologie naziemnego skanowania laserowego (TLS) i globalnego systemu nawigacji satelitarnej (GNSS) są coraz bardziej powszechne w pracach związanych z kartowaniem geodezyjnym, odgrywając znaczącą rolę w zadaniach geodezyjnych w kopalniach, takich jak tworzenie map do obliczania objętości, monitorowanie przemieszczeń i deformacji powierzchni i konstrukcji nad wyrobiskami górniczymi. Obecnie prowadzonych jest wiele badań nad zastosowaniem tych technologii w różnych aspektach prac geodezyjnych w kopalniach. W artykule dokonana została synteza tych badań w celu oceny efektywności zastosowania technologii GNSS i TLS w górnictwie. Autorzy dokonali przeglądu 44 artykułów/projektów z ostatnich lat i stwierdzają, że technologie te bardzo szybko się rozwijają, a dokładność pomiaru współrzędnych i wysokości wzrasta do poziomu pojedynczych milimetrów zarówno w kierunku poziomym, jak i pionowym.

10

A bathymetric unmanned surface vessel for effective monitoring of underwater aggregate extraction from the perspective of engineering facilities protection

51%

Madusiok D.

Archives of Mining Sciences

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2019

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tom Vol. 64, no. 2

375--384

EN

The study aimed to apply the protection from damage to engineering facilities located near a planned underwater aggregate extraction. The analysis was conducted in compliance with mining regulations and expert opinions. The study also aimed to assess the precision and correctness of the extraction, due to economic aspects. To reach the goals, in-situ research of the mining area was conducted, with the help of an advanced bathymetric device, based on the USV methodology. The instrument – named by the author as Smart-Sonar-Boat – was especially designed for underwater surveys in open-pit aggregate mines. The study analyzed the “Dwory” open-pit mine, located in southern Poland in the city of Oświęcim. The bathymetric results obtained contributed to improving the observation of changes in the bottom during the extraction. The applied USV method allowed for conducting the reliable evaluation of the mining work.

PL

Pierwszym celem artykułu była ochrona obiektów inżynierskich zlokalizowanych w bliskim sąsiedztwie planowanej eksploatacji kruszyw naturalnych spod lustra wody. Analiza przeprowadzona została w odniesieniu do obowiązujących regulacji prawnych oraz specjalistycznych ekspertyz geologiczno-inżynierskich. Drugim celem była ocena dokładności i poprawności eksploatacji w aspekcie racjonalnej gospodarki złożem. Do przeprowadzenia badań in-situ wyrobiska eksploatacyjnego zastosowano zdalnie sterowane urządzenie batymetryczne oparte na metodzie USV (unmanned surface vessel), co w wolnym tłumaczeniu oznacza bezzałogowy pojazd pływający. Instrument pomiarowy, autorsko nazwany „Smart-Sonar-Boat”, został zaprojektowany do monitoringu podwodnej eksploatacji kruszyw. Obiektem badań była Kopalnia Kruszywa „Dwory” w Oświęcimiu. Uzyskane w ten sposób wyniki batymetryczne wraz z ich analizą statystyczną, w odniesieniu do wcześniej wykonanych ekspertyz badawczych, przyczyniły się do poprawy bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji oraz umożliwiły ocenę dokładności wybierania złoża do spągu.

11

A comparison of advanced computational models and experimental techniques in predicting blast induced ground vibration in open pit coal mine

51%

Nguyen H. , Bui X. N. , Moayedi H.

Acta Geophysica

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2019

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tom Vol. 67, no. 4

1025--1037

EN

Green mining is an essential requirement for the development of the mining industry. Of the operations in mining technology, blasting is one of the operations that signifcantly affect the environment, especially ground vibration. In this paper, four artificial intelligence (AI) models including artificial neural network (ANN), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and classification and regression tree (CART) were developed as the advanced computational models for estimating blast-induced ground vibration in a case study of Vietnam. Some empirical techniques were applied and developed to predict ground vibration and compared with the four AI models as well. For this research, 68 events of blasting were collected; 80% of the whole datasets were used to build the mentioned models, and the rest 20% were used for testing/checking the models’ performances. Mean absolute error (MAE), determination coefficient (R2 ), and root-mean-square error (RMSE) were used as the standards to evaluate the quality of the models in this study. The results indicated that the advanced computational models were much better than empirical techniques in estimating blast-induced ground vibration in the present study. The ANN model (2-6-8-6-1) was introduced as the most superior model for predicting ground vibration with an RMSE of 0.508, R2 of 0.981 and MAE of 0.405 on the testing dataset. The SVM, CART, and KNN models provided poorer performance with an RMSE of 1.192, 2.820, 1.878; R2 of 0.886, 0.618, 0.737; and MAE of 0.659, 1.631, 0.762, respectively.