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Fluxes of biogenic substances in precipitation and throughfall in woodland ecosystems of Słowiński National Park

100%

Parzych A. , Astel A. , Trojanowski J.

Archives of Environmental Protection

2008

tom Vol. 34, no. 2

13-24

In the study the dynamics of concentration level changes was analyzed in the period between 2002 and 2005 concerning N-NH_4, N-NO_3, P-PO_4 and pH in bulk precipitation and throughfall in two different woodland ecosystems of Słowiński National Park. Both woodland ecosystems were influenced by the same weather conditions. On the basis of obtained results it was found that chemical variability of throughfall waters is mainly determined by both species composition and the kind of forest stand, as well as its trophic conditions Comparing to bulk precipitation (collected at an open area) throughfall samples collected at the Vaccinio uligi-nosi -Beluletumpubescenlis ecosystem were poor in N-NH_4 and P-PO_4 enriched in N-NO_3, and slightly more acidic (by 3.9%), while at the Empelro nigri - Pinetum ecosystem were poor in N-NH_4 enriched in P-PO_4 and N-NO_3 and more acidic (by 4.4%).

W pracy przeanalizowano dynamikę zmian poziomów stężeń N-NH_4, N-NO_3, P-PO_4 oraz pH w opadach na otwartej przestrzeni i opadach podkoronowyeh w dwóch różnych ekosystemach leśnych Słowińskiego Parku Narodowego w okresie 2002-2005. Badane ekosystemy leśne znajdowały się pod wpływem takich samych warunków meteorologicznych. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że o zmianie jakości wód podkoronowyeh decydują przede wszystkim rodzaj i gatunek drzewostanu, a także stan troficzny ekosystemu leśnego. Opady podkoronowe w porównaniu do opadów na otwartej przestrzeni w zespole Vaccinio uliginosi - Betuletum pubescentis były uboższe w N-NH_4 i P-PO_4 wzbogacone w N-NO_3,oraz nieco bardziej kwaśne (o 3,9%), a w zespole Empetro nigri - Pine tum uboższe w N-NH_4 wzbogacone w P-PO_4, i N-NO_3 oraz bardziej kwaśne (o 4,4%).

Modification of the atmospheric load of elements during passage through foliaged canopies of five tree species of temperate zone forests

100%

Kram K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2010

tom Vol. 58, nr 1

87-101

Atmospheric load is an important source of nutrients and pollutants to ecosystems. During the flux through forest canopies that deposition is intensively modified enriching in some elements and pooring in others. Both, atmospheric load and flux of elements through forest canopies, were investigated in the Kampinos National Park (central Poland) during vegetative seasons (April-October) of the years 1998 and 2000. Throughfall was compared with atmospheric deposition in five different forest ecosystems: pine, birch, locust tree, alder, and oak. Atmospheric deposition data was obtained from rain collectors equipped with artificial foliage of an area similar to the actual leaf surface area in a given ecosystem. Results showed that H[^+] and Pb[^2+] flowed passively through tree canopies. NO[3^-], PO[4^3-], SO[4^2-], NH[4^+], Na[^+], Cd[^2+], Zn[^2+] and Cu[^2+] were retained in the canopies (the process was the most intensive for ammonium - 58%, and phosphorus - 60% retained), whileCl[^-], Mg[^2+], K[^+] and Ca[^2+] were leached out of canopies (throughfall, in comparison to bulk precipitation, was enriched by up to 109% in case of potassium). These processes all occurred more vigorously in deciduous trees, like alder and oak, and less intensively or not at all in pine tree stands. Trees living in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (alder and locust tree) were equally effective at trapping nitrogen from atmospheric loads, as at non-symbiotic tree species. The calendar day has no influence on the throughfall balance of elements with the only exception for calcium (only in alder forest also magnesium and chlorine), which was more intensively leached out during the autumn then on the beginning of vegetation season.